Articles tagged with Epithelial Cells
Researchers discovered that 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), a gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid, has anti-inflammatory effects. HYA alleviates intestinal inflammation in mice with colitis and improves epithelial barrier function.
Researchers at National University of Singapore discover that cells exert directional forces to close gaps in protective epithelial barriers, even when underlying layers are damaged. This 'tug-of-war' mechanism drives mechanical forces responsible for gap closure.
Scientists at the National University of Singapore identified a novel mechanosensitive regulation of epithelial tube contraction using the C. elegans spermatheca as a model. The study revealed that SPV-1 protein maintains regular cycles of actomyosin contractility, which helps maintain tube integrity.
A recent study has clarified how proteins influence the direction of egg transportation in the fallopian tube, a crucial component of the reproductive system. Researchers found that protein Celsr1 is essential for proper transportation by controlling cell shape and ciliary movement.
Gut inflammation breaks down intestinal lining due to HIV viral invasion, but Lactobacillus plantarum helps protect barrier.
Researchers identify protein p66ShcA as a biomarker for predicting breast cancer outcomes and identifying poor-prognosis cancers. The discovery aids understanding of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process enabling tumor cells to metastasize.
The MGH device tracks the movement of cells passing through a comb-like array, allowing researchers to study epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its role in tumor metastasis. This process enables cancer cells to break off from primary tumors and invade other tissues.
Research found that cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 (CCK-8) protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells by suppressing apoptosis triggered by peroxynitrite. The study suggests a potential therapeutic role for CCK-8 in treating age-related macular degeneration.
Researchers have developed a method to grow human GI cells from patient tissue in as little as two weeks, creating over 65 cell lines. This breakthrough enables the study of individual patients' underlying problems and can be used to test new treatments.
Researchers at UCI School of Medicine discovered how botulinum toxin is absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal lining. By understanding this process, they can develop new methods to block the toxin and prevent deadly botulism.
A recent study by researchers at Penn Medicine has discovered the essential role of tumor suppressor gene FLCN in regulating lung function in patients with Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome. The absence or mutation of FLCN leads to deteriorated lung integrity and impaired lung function, as reported in their findings in Cell Reports.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have identified a specific RSV-encoded non-structural protein (NS2) as the genetic trigger for severe lung infections in infants. The discovery could lead to new diagnostic tools and treatments, reducing hospitalizations caused by RSV infection.
A genome-wide analysis of genes that drive cell division in a multicellular organism has been conducted, revealing over 300 genes differentially expressed during the G1 and G2 phases. The study provides a searchable resource for scientists and citizens to explore gene expression in wing discs and cultured cells.
Researchers have uncovered evidence that adherens junctions actively respond to mechanical cues by remodeling their own position and intensity. This discovery sheds light on the organization of multi-cellularity, from cell-cell contacts to the remodeling of tissues and organs during life.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have successfully converted adult human cells into epithelial stem cells that can regenerate human skin and hair follicles. The breakthrough could potentially enable hair regeneration in people, but further work is needed to address other cell types involved in hair growth.
Two small RNAs (sRNAs) GlmY and GlmZ orchestrate bacterial attack on epithelial cells by cleaving transcripts and destabilizing LEE gene expression. This coordination enables efficient mammalian-cell invasion and optimal pedestal formation.
Researchers found that transitioning epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells improved cardiac regeneration by reducing infarct size. The study showed that this process enhanced the cardioprotective effects of human amniotic epithelial cells.
A team of University of Pennsylvania scientists has discovered a new mechanism of cancer spread by identifying the split personalities of a protein called Exo70. The research found that one form of Exo70 promotes cell movement and invasion, while the other helps maintain cellular structure and organization.
Researchers have successfully transformed human stem cells into functional lung and airway cells, opening up new possibilities for regenerative medicine. The breakthrough has significant implications for modeling lung diseases, screening drugs, and studying human lung development.
Researchers from the Carl-Philipp Heisenberg group have identified a key mechanism for limiting tissue tension during cell division, enabling epithelial closure and wound healing. By orienting cell division through mechanical tension, cells can maintain their integrity and ensure proper tissue development.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have found a more accurate laboratory method for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. The new technique uses morphological features to identify the disease with 93% accuracy, significantly improving diagnosis over traditional methods.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have discovered a regulatory molecule, miR-4423, that is less abundant in people with lung cancer and inhibits lung cancer cell growth. This molecule may aid in diagnosing lung cancer in earlier stages and treating the disease when at healthy levels.
Researchers have discovered that specific bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, stimulate the growth of host epithelial cells through the production of reactive oxygen species. This finding has implications for treating inflammatory bowel disease and other disorders.
Research reveals that gut villification is caused by mechanical compression of the epithelium sheet, rather than active mechanisms involving growth factors. This process involves the spontaneous buckling of the epithelium into longitudinal folds and zigzag patterns, ultimately forming villi.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have identified a biochemical mechanism that makes cholera toxin so deadly. By weakening cell junctions and increasing sodium ion flow, the toxin causes severe diarrhea. The study's findings could guide the development of new therapies against cholera and other intestinal disorders.
Scientists have discovered a molecular signalling pathway that helps oral epithelial cells resist Candida infection. The PI3 Kinase pathway is activated within minutes of fungal encounter, protecting against future damage. Boosting this pathway may lead to novel therapies against Candida infections.
Researchers found that cells displace due to changing morphogen concentration levels, attracting cells through chemotaxis. This understanding can improve wound healing and artificial tissue engineering.
A team from the University of Iowa has found that inhibiting the CaMKII enzyme could be an effective approach to treating allergic asthma. The study suggests that airway lining cells play a crucial role in asthma, and blocking the enzyme may help alleviate symptoms.
A study published in Nature reveals that the alignment of the mitotic spindle is essential for maintaining epithelial integrity. The researchers found that when the spindle becomes misaligned, it can cause cells to delaminate from the epithelium, leading to tumor-like growths and expression of genes associated with invasive human tumors.
Researchers at Harvard School of Public Health discovered that cells move in a group, propelled by forces from within and nearby cells, to fill spaces. This phenomenon, dubbed 'kenotaxis,' could improve understanding of disease mechanisms and inform potential drug targets.
Researchers studying Nematostella, a simple sea anemone, discovered that cells begin thickening and then thin out as tentacles elongate. This process drives the formation of basic epithelial appendages, revealing fundamental principles in animal body construction.
A new study published in the American Journal of Pathology found that interleukin-22 (IL-22) plays a crucial role in normal lung repair following influenza infection. Even after the initial episode of influenza has passed, IL-22 helps to promote recovery of normal lung function and architecture.
Researchers found a population of slow-proliferating epithelial cells in the mouse ovary's hilum region that can self-renew and form tumors. These cells were previously unknown and are now believed to be the source of ovarian stem-like cells prone to cancer.
A groundbreaking study published in PLOS ONE names a new cell type playing a key role in ovary and ovarian follicle development, challenging conventional thinking. This discovery may lead to better understanding and treatment of infertility, premature ovarian failure, and ovarian cancer.
The conference focuses on rapidly growing fields of interest in gastrointestinal disciplines, including epithelial biology and gut microbial ecology. Scientists will explore translation of basic findings to diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer.
A new study challenges previous views on miR-205's function in breast cancer. Research found that miR-205 is overexpressed in transformed cells and contributes to the abnormal morphology of acini. The findings suggest miR-205 can act as an oncogene, promoting cell growth or inhibiting apoptosis.
Researchers discovered that basal cells initiate repair and serve as progenitor cells after chlorine gas exposure, helping restore new tissue in the airways. Understanding this process can aid in developing treatments to prevent scarring and asthma-like breathing problems.
Reintroducing miR-200c to aggressive triple-negative breast cancer cells restores sensitivity to anoikis, causing the cells to self-destruct. This approach shows promise as a less toxic alternative to chemotherapy.
A study led by Oxford University reveals that humans selectively favor beneficial gut microbes through the release of nutrient-rich secretions. This process allows for efficient control of the microbiome without requiring excessive host resources.
A genetically-engineered vaccine aims to prevent HIV infection by continually producing disease-fighting cells. The new approach could provide long-term protection and potentially be adapted for use against other infections.
Advanced endoscopic tools and techniques, such as POEM for achalasia treatment and pCLE for IBS diagnosis, show promising results. These innovations aim to improve diagnosis and treatment options for gastrointestinal disorders.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered that corneal epithelial cells express small antimicrobial peptides to defend against bacterial infection. These peptides prevent bacteria from binding to epithelial cells and are crucial in protecting the eye against infections, as evidenced by mice lacking cytokeratin 6A being more susceptible.
Researchers discovered that tension on gut muscles induces cell invasion in zebrafish intestine, a process similar to cancer metastasis. The study identified invadopodia formation as the key driver of this process, which is triggered by oxidative stress.
Researchers discovered a key interaction between skin cells and gamma delta T cells, revealing a molecular trigger for wound healing. The CD100 receptor plays a crucial role in signaling the activation of these immune cells, which then stimulate new epithelial cell production to repair damaged tissues.
University of Kentucky researchers have identified a major breakthrough in treating geographic atrophy, an untreatable form of age-related macular degeneration. They found that blocking specific pathways can prevent retinal degeneration and vision loss, paving the way for a new potential therapy.
Researchers will analyze thousands of small molecules and measure changes in metabolite expression using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry technology. The study aims to identify metabolic changes linked to ciliopathy development and the pathogenesis of COPD, potentially leading to new biomarkers and therapeutic treatments.
A study published in Nature reveals that the HVEM molecule plays a critical role in protecting against bacterial infections, including E. coli and pneumococcus, by acting as a border guard to signal the immune system to respond. The discovery provides a potential new therapeutic target for preventing and treating bacterial infections.
Researchers developed a model to study the behavior of cellular tissues, finding that they can split into disjointed patches when subjected to unfavorable substrates. This phenomenon, known as dewetting, is governed by the cells' sensitivity to substrate stiffness.
Researchers study the origins of HIV/AIDS, revealing that SIV replication in human tissues is crucial to viral efficiency. In contrast, a new study finds that autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins contribute to bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have created human lung surface tissue in a dish, containing the delta-508 and G551D mutations responsible for most CF cases. This breakthrough enables drug screening on genuine human cells, paving the way for a potential therapy to control cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have discovered an antibody therapy that prevents lethal gastrointestinal damage following radiation exposure in mice. The treatment, which targets ceramide molecules, improved survival rates from 0% to 80% among mice exposed to high levels of ionizing radiation.
Researchers have identified a genetic signature for regulation of IL-13, a key immune hormone involved in allergic reactions. MicroRNA miR-375 is regulated by IL-13 and plays a role in asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a severe food allergy.
A study found that women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and a BRCA gene mutation had improved 5-year overall survival, with BRCA2 carriers having the best prognosis. The study analyzed data from 26 observational studies and included 1,213 cases with pathogenic germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered that pancreatic cancer cells in an animal model begin to spread before clinically obvious tumor tissue is detected. Inflammation plays a crucial role in enhancing cancer progression, leading to the entry of cancer cells into the bloodstream. The study used...
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have discovered a new genetic program that converts epithelial cells into mobile invasive cells, which is common in embryonic development and tumour progression. The GATA6 gene plays a key role in this process, triggering survival factors and degrading the cellular matrix to facilitate cell migration.
A team of researchers from Duke University Medical Center used genetic lineage tracing to study the origin of fibrotic cells in lung tissue. They found that pericytes, a previously unknown population of cells, are present in fibrotic areas and may play a role in the scarring process.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University aim to develop new treatments using human beta defensins triggered by Fusobacterium nucleatum-associated Beta-Defensin Inducer (FAD-I). FAD-I induces HBD peptides to block bacteria from entering the body, potentially preventing health conditions such as gum disease and tooth loss.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine found that BVES regulates EMT in human colon cancer cells and is silenced via promoter methylation in human colorectal carcinoma. Restoring BVES expression decreased cancer cell characteristics.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine identified a molecular pathway that helps explain how an enzyme elevated in asthma patients contributes to inflammation and mucus production. The study reveals unique interactions between biological molecules that could be targeted to develop new asthma treatments.
The research group has identified a new protein, Pinkbar, that creates planar membrane sheets, modifying the structure of plasma membranes in intestinal epithelial cells. This finding may be linked to various intestinal disorders.