Articles tagged with B Lymphocytes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discovered that B cells rely on RNA binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 to induce quiescence, allowing them to 'rest up' between developmental events. This mechanism is crucial for proper B cell development, as seen in mice where a 98% reduction of mature B cells was observed when these proteins were absent.
Scientists have found that the RGS1 gene affects the frequency of T follicular helper cells, which are important for B cell production and seem to be crucial for the disease. The study suggests that while inhibiting RGS1 did not prevent autoimmune diabetes, it changes the way cells move within lymph nodes and spleen.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) researchers have improved their models of the disease by understanding how cancer cells differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells in mice. Patient-derived T cells play a crucial role in this process, and therapies promoting differentiation may offer new treatment options for CLL.
Researchers have discovered an HIV-fighting immunogen called eOD-GT8 that shows extraordinary binding affinity for naïve human B cells, outperforming previous candidates by a factor of 2100. Approximately 96% of humans harbor B cells sensitive to this immunogen, suggesting its potential as a viable HIV vaccine strategy.
A research team has found that engineered HIV proteins can bind key immune cells present in most people, which could lead to the development of a broadly neutralizing antibody-inducing vaccine. The study's findings provide an encouraging foundation for an upcoming clinical trial.
Researchers discovered that lymphoma cells break through four 'locks' on the CARD11 protein, a key component of the immune system. The protein has four redundant repressive elements that normally keep it in check, but mutations in certain regions can disable these locks and lead to cancer.
Researchers discovered that female lymphocytes lack proper X chromosome inactivation, leading to increased expression of immunity-related genes. This incomplete activation may contribute to autoimmune conditions like lupus, which affects 85% of female patients.
A lamprey monoclonal antibody specifically targets human plasma cells, exhibiting potential for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in treating multiple myeloma. This unique tool offers new avenues for research into plasma cell disorders.
Researchers have discovered a new class of drugs that specifically induce apoptosis in B cell malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma. The drugs target the STING protein, which plays a critical role in regulating the immune system, and have been shown to be effective in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma.
A University College London study suggests that lupus patients' B cells are getting signaled to become pro-inflammatory cells instead of regulating inflammation. This imbalance is linked to the lack of regulatory B cells and an overproduction of IFN-?, causing antibody-producing B cells to increase.
Researchers from Scripps Research Institute have identified microRNA miR-148a as a cause of autoimmune diseases like lupus. Elevated levels of this molecule allow self-reactive immune cells to escape and attack the body's own tissues.
Researchers found a dramatic increase in brain plaques when key immune cells are lacking in genetically modified mice, leading to new techniques to identify and treat individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's. The study suggests the immune system plays a crucial role in clearing beta-amyloid from the brain.
Researchers at Adimab isolated a broad panel of neutralizing anti-Ebola virus antibodies from a survivor of the 2014 outbreak. The study highlights the speed and effectiveness of Adimab's single B cell isolation platform, which was able to identify over 300 monoclonal antibodies within weeks of receiving a blood sample.
A recent study by Whitehead Institute scientists found that B cells with diverse affinities for invading pathogens are selected in the immune system's germinal centers. This approach may aid development of effective vaccines against rapidly mutating viruses like HIV and influenza.
Researchers identified 27 genes in brain stem cells prone to DNA damage, which could promote disease but also benefit brain diversity. The fragility of these genes may lead to mutations or deletions in cancers and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered a way to freeze cancer-causing Epstein-Barr virus in its tracks. By triggering senescence, a suspended state of the cell, the virus's advance can be halted, providing new hope for controlling the disease.
Researchers found that DNA methylation patterns in leukemia cells can vary significantly across different cell maturation stages. However, the 'cancer-typical' methyl patterns discovered so far are actually indicative of the normal development process rather than cancer-specific changes.
Researchers found that commensal bacteria in the lungs instruct immune cells to produce IgA, a protein protecting against infections and allergies. The study suggests a link between antibiotic use, dysbiosis, and reduced IgA production, potentially contributing to rising allergy rates.
A novel RNA delivery system has successfully halted the proliferation of a cancer-related protein in white blood cells, offering hope for treating MCL. The system uses nanoparticles coated with antibodies to deliver siRNAs that target the faulty gene causing the disease.
Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine found that FOXO1 is essential for both germinal center dark zone formation and efficient B cell response to pathogens. The study sheds light on the transcription factor's role in normal immune function, but further research is needed to understand its link to lymphomagenesis.
Research suggests that healthy cells are optimized for a healthy ecosystem; changes in this ecosystem allow cancer-causing mutations to outcompete healthy rivals, leading to an increase in cancerous cells. Inflammation is a critical factor in this process, hurting the growth and maintenance of healthy B-cell progenitor cells.
A recent study by McGill University researchers has made significant progress in understanding the mechanisms responsible for multiple sclerosis and identifying potential new treatments. By targeting a subset of B cells known as GM-CSF-producing B cells, the therapy shows promise in reducing disease activity.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg have identified Kidins220/ARMS as a crucial protein in B cell development and activation. The protein plays a key role in regulating the formation of antibodies and weakening the immune system if it is deficient.
Scientists have discovered compartmentalized protein islands for IgM and IgD receptors on resting B cells, which change upon activation. This study provides direct evidence for the nanoscale organization of the lymphocyte membrane and may aid in vaccine design and treatment development.
A clinical trial of a personalized cell therapy, CTL019, achieved an overall response rate of 57% and complete remissions in eight out of 14 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The therapy, developed by Penn researchers, involves reprogramming patients' own T cells to hunt and kill cancer cells.
Researchers found that malaria infections cause widespread DNA damage in B lymphocytes, increasing the risk of blood cancers. Chronic inflammation from malaria promotes genomic instability, leading to mutations and cancerous changes.
Researchers found that B cells enhance the secretion of allergy-driving IgE antibodies when exposed to non-allergenic compounds like PPE1. This discovery reveals a new mechanism for pollen allergy and offers new starting points for therapy development.
A Brazilian antibody developed by Recepta Biopharma with FAPESP support will be used to create a new cancer drug. The technology has been licensed to US-based company Mersana Therapeutics, which will use it to develop an immunoconjugate against target tumor cells.
Researchers discover a single molecule, C/EBPa, can transform a B cell into a macrophage by 'short-circuiting' gene expression. This process involves the convergence of two DNA enhancer pathways, allowing for unnatural transdifferentiation. The findings have significant implications for regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.
A team of researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology has identified LEF-1 and TCF-1 as master regulators that control the fate of T follicular helper cells. These transcription factors pre-program CD4+ T cells to respond to TFH induction signals, making them crucial for inducing a strong and lasting antibody response.
Scientists have decoded the genome and transcriptome of an incurable subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, revealing a novel program associated with leukemic cells. The study identifies key genes that trigger a reprogramming of the leukemia cells, leading to promising drug tests, including Venetoclax.
Researchers at Rockefeller University discovered that high affinity B cells divide faster during the antibody selection process, giving them an advantage. This discovery builds on earlier work and may have important implications for improving vaccines and understanding lymphomas.
A new Australian study has found a promising drug, PR-104, effective against aggressive T-ALL in laboratory models. The research team is now exploring the molecular biology behind AKR1C3, an enzyme that activates the drug.
Researchers have identified a new genetic immune disorder, DOCK2 deficiency, which causes debilitating infections and combined immunodeficiency in children. Early screening for the disease can prevent life-threatening infections, and understanding its role may inform the study of more common immune system disorders.
A study published in Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that modulating B lymphocyte function may help regulate T lymphocyte activity to treat immune-mediated disorders like IBD. Researchers discovered a pathway involving IL-10, IL-27, and regulatory T lymphocytes.
Researchers found that EBV-infected B cells evade immune system using the viral protein LMP2A. The protein interferes with recognition by CD8+ T cells, allowing infected cells to escape detection and elimination.
Cornell University engineers have developed a synthetic immune organ that produces antibodies and can be controlled in the lab. The organoid mimics the anatomical microenvironment of lymphoid tissue, converting B cells into germinal centers and activating them at rapid rates.
Researchers have discovered a way to stop lupus without suppressing the immune system by focusing on the TACI receptor. Deleting this receptor eliminates lupus in high BAFF levels, leaving natural immunity intact.
Australian researchers have discovered a group of rogue germinal centre B cells that trigger autoimmune disease. The molecular 'trigger guard' FAS prevents their development, but mutations can lead to autoantibody production and severe immune responses. High levels of IgE antibodies are found in patients with Autoimmune Lymphoprolifera...
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers reveals that Interleukin-3 (IL-3) promotes the production of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, which contribute to the 'cytokine storm' that underlies sepsis. Higher IL-3 levels in human patients with sepsis are associated with a greater risk of death.
A new study has identified two distinct subtypes of childhood leukemia and found that about 13 percent of ALL cases may be successfully treated with targeted drugs. The research developed a simple lab test to determine which patients fall into the less-common subtype, opening up new hope for treatment options.
Researchers found that M-MDSCs can inhibit both T cell and B cell proliferation, leading to improved symptoms in arthritic mice. The study suggests a potential role for M-MDSCs in treating autoimmune diseases like arthritis.
A team of scientists discovered that HuR protein is critical for controlling metabolism in B cells, which produce antibodies essential for fighting infections. Removing HuR prevents proper growth and function of B cells, highlighting the importance of this protein in immunity.
A Stanford study found that antibody-producing immune cells called B cells play a key role in the delayed onset of dementia after stroke. The presence of these cells, which are normally found only in the blood, can be linked to cognitive decline and memory loss in stroke patients.
Research published in The FASEB Journal suggests that spaceflight conditions can induce changes in B lymphocyte production in bone marrow, leading to premature aging of the immune system. A ground-based model simulating low-gravity conditions found similar effects in mice as those observed in elderly mice on Earth.
Researchers found that B cells from mutant mice with M6P deficiency and patients with mucolipidosis II present similar defects in antibody synthesis, indicating a critical role of M6P in B cell function. Other immune cells, such as dendritic cells and T cells, were less severely affected.
A pilot study shows that 92% of children with relapsed leukemia respond to bioengineered T cells, with some patients remaining cancer-free for over two years. The personalized therapy offers the potential for long-term success in treating this highly aggressive form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Researchers discovered that crosstalk between leukemia cells and stromal cells in the spleen is crucial for cancer growth. Blocking chemokine receptor CXCR5 prevents cancer cell entry and proliferation, identifying new targets for future therapies.
B cells use a unique migration strategy in the bone marrow that allows them to exit slowly and be passively swept out by blood flow. The researchers found that the absence of CXCR4 significantly slows down B cell movement, highlighting the importance of this protein in regulating immune cell egress.
Researchers have discovered a way to grow a human norovirus by identifying a cell it targets in the intestine, enabling the study of its replication and potential treatments. The virus targets B cells, rather than intestinal epithelial cells, and is aided by gut bacteria in its infection process.
A study found that Staphylococcus aureus uses protein A as a superantigen to activate many B cells, leading to immune tunnel vision and reduced protection against infection. This knowledge can inform future vaccine approaches to combat MRSA.
Researchers have identified a new approach to treating chronic graft-versus-host disease, targeting T and B cells with the FDA-approved drug ibrutinib. The study found that ibrutinib reduced chronic GVHD in mice models and decreased activation of T and B cells isolated from patients with chronic GVHD.
Researchers have established a crucial relationship between Natural Killer T (NKT) cells and B cells in the body's natural defense mechanisms. The study found that altered lipid compositions on autoimmune B cells lead to over-activation of NKT cells, causing their depletion. Removing a specific lipid-presenting molecule from B cells re...
Researchers discovered that innate lymphoid cells become activated during inflammation, inducing specific T and B cell responses. These findings open up new avenues for treating infection and chronic inflammation.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute re-activated an ancient gene, FOXN4, which led to the development of a fish-like thymus in mice. This finding suggests that the immune system's core organs may have evolved from a common ancestor with jawed fish.
A new study published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology suggests that modulation of B cells may effectively treat and/or prevent periodontitis symptoms related to type 2 diabetes. Researchers used a mouse model to demonstrate the B cell-response's viability as a target for pharmacological intervention.
A biomedical engineer has received a $250,000 grant to expand his research on a novel lupus drug that targets B cells. The goal is to treat a range of autoimmune diseases, offering an alternative to steroids with fewer side effects.
Researchers at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research have discovered that B cells participate in the development of regulatory T cells, which control how killer T cells behave. This finding has implications for treating autoimmunity and preventing transplant rejection.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered that the protein Foxp1 plays a critical role in antibody responses, enabling rapid and effective immune system activation. Manipulating Foxp1 activity could provide a useful tool for boosting antibody responses to treat infectious diseases or suppressing them to treat autoimmune disorders.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have identified a new B-cell selection process that influences antibody survival independent of antigen-binding regions. This discovery adds a surprising dimension to the understanding of antibody repertoires and may help shape them to better fight disease.