Articles tagged with Commensal Bacteria
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A new study from the University of Pittsburgh shows exercise improves cancer outcomes and enhances response to immunotherapy in mice by reshaping the gut microbiome. The research found that a specific compound called formate, produced by gut bacteria in exercised mice, was associated with better outcomes in patients with melanoma.
Researchers have shown that good gut bacteria can manipulate the immune system's response, leading to rheumatoid arthritis. The study found that T cells in the gut can transform into super-powerful and potent cells that attack the body's tissues.
A study by Dr. Takanori Sekito and colleagues reveals a strong association between vaginal pathogenic Escherichia coli and recurrent cystitis in postmenopausal women, suggesting that targeting both the urinary bladder and vagina is crucial for effective treatment.
Researchers from Osaka University discovered that a specific bacterial interaction causes the production of methyl mercaptan, a major contributor to bad breath. The interaction between Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum leads to increased methyl mercaptan production, which is driven by methionine metabolism.
A study found that a common food preservative called nisin, which kills pathogens in food, also harms beneficial gut bacteria. The researchers identified six different lantibiotics produced by the gut microbiome and tested their effects on both pathogens and commensal bacteria.
Scientists have identified a core set of genes required by commensal bacteria to colonize plant hosts, enabling more efficient colonization and potential benefits for plant health. The discovery may lead to the development of beneficial bacteria for sustainable agriculture and medical applications.
A study by McGill University found that microplastic pollution alters the gut microbiomes of seabirds, increasing pathogens and antibiotic-resistant microbes. The research warns humans to be wary of microplastics in their environment and food, as they can also impact human health.
A recent study led by Dr Rachael Rigby from Lancaster University found that delays in stoma reversal surgery do not impact on risk of complications or commensal microflora loss, atrophy, or scarring. However, a higher degree of microflora loss is associated with an increased risk of complications.
Infants have a unique homing property that directs certain immune cells to the skin at birth, protecting them from disease-causing bacteria. This skin-homing ability is crucial for lifelong immunity and local tissue development.
A study led by Tokyo University of Science researchers identified Dectin-1's role in promoting colorectal cancer by enhancing PGE2 production and suppressing IL-22BP expression. The study used mouse models and clinical samples to validate the findings, which have immediate clinical implications for CRC patients.
Researchers identified a new type of flagellin in the human gut that binds to Toll-like receptor 5 without inducing an inflammatory response. This discovery provides a mechanism for the immune system to tolerate beneficial microbes while remaining responsive to pathogens.
Researchers found that gut commensal bacteria enhance the pathogenesis of a tumorigenic murine retrovirus by upregulating genes that suppress the immune response. This ability to evade the immune system allows tumors to develop and progress in mice infected with the virus.
Researchers led by Osaka University found that Fusobacterium nucleatum produces polyamines through metabolic cross-feeding, creating favorable conditions for periodontal pathogens to grow and spread. This integration of a metabolic network within the oral microbiome may promote the development of periodontitis.
Researchers discovered a novel role for an E. coli enzyme in reducing the toxic effects of hypothiocyanite, a key antimicrobial released by the human immune system. This finding has implications for diseases like cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease, as it suggests that various bacteria can evade this powerful oxidant.
A study by researchers from the University of Chicago reveals that bacteria in donated organs complicate the immune response after transplantation. The findings show that immune responses against commensal bacteria add to the rejection of the organ, reducing the effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs and causing damage to the graft.
A study from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center found that early antibiotic use disrupts the developing immune system of newborns, increasing risks of severe pneumonia and life-long health issues. Fecal transplants may offer a solution to mitigate these effects.
Scientists discovered that commensal fungi like Candida albicans need to be alive and actively producing proteins to elicit a beneficial immune response. The fungus oscillates between high and low expression of the UME6 gene, signaling its benefits to the body.
Researchers from the University of Tsukuba discovered a mechanism for the transfer of antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus bacteria through natural transformation. The study found that biofilm formation promotes horizontal gene transfer, which can lead to the spread of methicillin resistance.
Researchers found a 1000-fold increase in skin microbiota and larger lesions after smallpox vaccination, but all groups had equal protection from re-infection. The study suggests that manipulating commensal skin microbiota might enhance the efficacy of intradermal vaccines.
A study by the University of Pennsylvania and Indiana University found that a nanozyme therapy, combining ferumoxytol and hydrogen peroxide, significantly reduced the buildup of harmful dental plaque and targeted bacteria responsible for tooth decay. The treatment effectively killed Streptococcus mutans bacteria while leaving other ora...
Researchers found that plant root-associated bacteria prefer to colonize their native host plants, rather than non-native ones, with increased competitiveness and persistence. This host preference is driven by the formation of species-specific niches and differential transcriptional reprogramming of plant roots.
Researchers at RIKEN discovered that acetate triggers an immune response against harmful bacteria by increasing IgA production and altering the balance of intestinal bacteria. The study suggests that acetate can be used to regulate the gut microbiome and prevent disease.
Scientists successfully engineered a 'vaccine' using harmless commensal bacteria to prepare immune cells for a life-threatening disease. The approach showed promise in inducing immunity without adverse effects, paving the way for novel treatments and applications.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, can exacerbate multiple sclerosis in mouse models. The research suggests that gut microbiome balance is crucial in chronic diseases and that a one-size-fits-all approach to treatment may not be effective.
A study found that a bacteriophage infecting enterococcus bacteria stimulates an immune response improving the efficacy of cancer treatments. Administration of enterococcus containing the bacteriophage boosted T cell responses in mice, and its presence was associated with improved survival following PD-1 immunotherapy.
Scientists have discovered a complex biological process in premature lungs that stimulates production of immune cells, which can help fight respiratory infections. The findings could lead to new treatments for premature infants, who are vulnerable to lifelong respiratory illnesses.
Jessica Scoffield, a microbiologist, receives the AADR Procter & Gamble Under-represented Fellowship for her research on commensal bacteria and polymicrobial pulmonary and oral infections. The fellowship aims to support early-career researchers from underrepresented groups in increasing representation at the faculty level.
A new study reveals that Blastocystis subtype 7 selectively kills beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut, leading to oxidative stress and lesions. This pathogenic microbe can contribute to inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastrointestinal cancers.
A study by researchers at the CNIC reveals a new mechanism in intestinal bacteria regulation that prevents inflammation and promotes mutual benefit. The findings suggest that certain bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, strengthen the intestinal barrier through interaction with receptor Mincle.
A study published in Immunity found that the gut bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum produces excessive lactic acid when its receptor protein PGRP-SD is disrupted, leading to oxidative stress and accelerated aging. Increasing PGRP-SD levels prevents this effect and extends lifespan.
Scientists at the University of Copenhagen have successfully targeted and killed E. coli using a cocktail of viruses, preserving the surrounding community of commensal bacteria in a simulated small intestinal microbiome. This breakthrough could lead to a new treatment method for food-borne illnesses without the use of antibiotics.
A new study reveals that routine antibiotic use in newborns can disrupt gut bacteria, leading to pneumonia and immune system damage. The consequences of this disruption may be permanent, affecting lung defenses for life.
Researchers found that commensal bacteria in the lungs instruct immune cells to produce IgA, a protein protecting against infections and allergies. The study suggests a link between antibiotic use, dysbiosis, and reduced IgA production, potentially contributing to rising allergy rates.
German cockroaches' gut bacteria produce pheromones that attract other roaches, promoting aggregation. The compounds are essential for nymphs to determine a safe place.
Researchers found a unique bacterial signature in the colon of people with systemic sclerosis, which may contribute to clinical symptoms and be used for diagnosis. The study suggests that an imbalance in gut bacteria could be a feature of SSc.
Researchers found that certain bacterial DNA can be passed from mother to child, affecting traits such as immunity and inflammation. This discovery suggests a new factor in understanding how genes influence illness and health.
Research in mice demonstrates that commensal bacteria enhance the immune system's ability to kill Klebsiella pneumoniae by boosting alveolar macrophage production of reactive oxygen molecules. The study suggests that signals from these beneficial bacteria play an active role in regulating immune function, even in the absence of infection.
June L. Round will use the award to develop ways to kill 'bad' bacteria while preserving commensal microbes that provide health benefits. Her research aims to exploit immune mechanisms to distinguish between good and bad organisms.
Researchers at Penn Medicine have identified a molecule, HDAC3, that plays a starring role in maintaining proper intestinal integrity and function in the presence of friendly bacteria. The study found that HDAC3 regulates the relationship between commensal bacteria and mammalian intestine physiology.
Researchers discovered that innate lymphoid cells limit the response of inflammatory T cells to commensal bacteria in the gut, keeping a truce between the immune system and 'good' microbes. This finding suggests new therapeutic strategies for chronic diseases like IBD, HIV/AIDS, and cancer.
A new study published in Immunity reveals that commensal bacteria play a vital role in fighting off viral infections. The research found that signals from these beneficial microbes are essential for optimal immune responses to experimental viral infections, and their absence can lead to impaired antiviral immunity.
Researchers identify innate lymphoid cells as key players in limiting commensal bacteria to intestinal tissues. The study suggests that targeting these immune cells or specific bacterial groups may be useful in treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
Researchers found that teenagers living on farms had more diverse skin bacteria and lower allergen sensitivity than urban dwellers. Gammaproteobacteria in the skin microbiota may enhance immune tolerance, suggesting a link between biodiversity loss and inflammatory diseases.
Researchers discovered that gut bacteria play a crucial role in controlling allergic inflammation by regulating basophil responses and limiting IgE production. The study's findings suggest that targeting the commensal bacterial population may be beneficial in treating allergic diseases, offering new therapeutic options for asthma and o...
Researchers at Vanderbilt University are investigating whether bacterial hitchhikers play a role in promoting or inhibiting the formation of new species. They are analyzing the microbiomes of closely related wasp species and hybrids to identify specific microbes that increase mortality rates in hybrid offspring.
Scientists found that commensal species like Neisseria lactamica induce lower levels of human airway epithelial cell activation compared to pathogenic species. The study highlights the differential role of a bacterial surface component, PorB, in interacting with host cells and triggering inflammatory responses.
Researchers analyzed E. coli adaptation in germ-free mice, finding rapid selection of bacteria carrying mutations in a master regulator controlling over 100 target genes. This suggests global regulators coordinate physiological activities necessary for adaptation to complex environments.
Researchers found that beneficial bacteria trigger proteins called Toll-like receptors to maintain intestinal epithelial cell health and activate machinery for tissue repair. These receptors play a crucial role in protecting tissues from damage and inducing recovery after injury.