Researchers found that beaked whales prefer areas with dense patches of deep-sea squid, which are essential for their survival. In contrast, nearby sonar-free areas lack these prey hotspots, making it difficult for the whales to obtain enough food to survive.
Researchers created a new testing ground for quantum systems to study spin current decay and its effects on spintronics. This breakthrough may lead to advances in computing and electronic devices that use spin instead of electrons' charge.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology demonstrate stop bands in forward volume spin waves, a breakthrough for next-gen spin wave ICs. By combining magnetic insulators with metals, they suppress noise and express fundamental spin wave phenomena.
A team of researchers from FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg has successfully synthesized large, stable pieces of zigzag-shaped graphene using a novel method. The process delivers high yields and is suitable for large-scale production, paving the way for further investigation into the material's electronic properties.
Researchers analyzed dinosaur footprints in Morocco to understand how long-necked dinosaurs moved forward. The results showed that the animals could switch between orienting their forefeet forward or sideways as needed, with smaller individuals able to rotate them more easily.
A study by NYU researchers estimated that nearly 1% of high school seniors used Flakka in 2016-2017. The majority of these users also took other substances like Spice/K2, ketamine, and marijuana, often leading to increased substance use and adverse effects.
A six-week high-intensity resistance training program improved insulin sensitivity by 16% and increased muscle size and strength in overweight men. The study suggests that short sessions of exercise to exhaustion are equally effective as longer sessions, making it a time-efficient way to improve health outcomes.
Higher rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) were found in US counties with high unemployment and clinician shortages. NAS rates often peaked in rural, remote areas, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to address these disparities.
A Rutgers-led study found that heavy drinking can trigger genetic changes that increase craving for alcohol. The study suggests that these changes may contribute to the powerful addiction of alcoholism and potentially lead to new treatments.
Researchers found that certain endangered owl species continued to persist and even flourish after large forest fires, with stable occupancy rates observed. The study suggests that fire may enhance conditions for rodent populations, which are a crucial prey source for the owls, offsetting any negative effects on nesting habitat.
Cardiff University researchers have identified a specific Fzd receptor called Fzd7 as the predominant Wnt receptor responsible for stem cell function in the stomach and intestine. Deleting this receptor makes gastric cells unable to divide and grow, providing a potential new therapeutic route for gastric cancers.
Researchers found a small increase of 0.14 percent in hemoglobin A1c levels after switching from analogue to human insulin, which falls within expected biological variation. The switch was not associated with serious hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events and improved economic outcomes for patients.
A new AI-powered app will monitor patients' symptoms between medical appointments and predict flare-ups using video and thermal imaging technology. The Flare Profiler aims to provide earlier detection of issues, allow earlier clinical intervention, and reduce the need for costly acute treatments.
Researchers create system that can reconstruct words a person hears with unprecedented clarity using speech synthesizers and artificial intelligence. The breakthrough could help people who cannot speak, such as those living with ALS or recovering from stroke, regain their ability to communicate with the outside world.
A recent study found that team video gaming increased effectiveness of newly-formed teams by 20% after just 45 minutes. Researchers played Rock Band or Halo 4 with coworkers, who saw a significant increase in actual performance on subsequent tasks.
A study by researchers at the CNIC reveals a new mechanism in intestinal bacteria regulation that prevents inflammation and promotes mutual benefit. The findings suggest that certain bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, strengthen the intestinal barrier through interaction with receptor Mincle.
Researchers have created a quantum fridge with just three atoms, demonstrating the role of quantum effects in thermodynamics. The device, using heat to drive cooling without moving parts, achieves temperatures within 40 microKelvin of absolute zero.
A large-scale genomic analysis reveals the inner workings of the body clock and its link to mental health and disease. Being genetically programmed to rise early may lead to greater well-being and a lower risk of schizophrenia and depression, while morning people are found to have lower risk
A recent study suggests that people from diverse backgrounds share more in common than previously thought, challenging divisive narratives. The research highlights the importance of highlighting similarities over differences to promote social cohesion.
A new study by Florida Atlantic University explores LGBT perceptions of police legitimacy and authority, finding that procedural justice and legitimacy are positively related. However, lesbian women reported lower levels of legitimacy compared to other groups due to compound minority stress from sexism and homophobia. The study adds em...
A Baylor University study highlights the need for expanding access to surgery for children with conditions that can be corrected through surgery. The research found that nearly 250,000 children in Somaliland are unable to access necessary treatment due to lack of access to healthcare and financial constraints.
Research from Vanderbilt University Medical Center found a significant association between long-term unemployment and higher rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Rural counties plagued by unemployment had significantly higher rates of babies born with neonatal abstinence syndrome compared to urban areas.
A new study reveals the biomedical potential of bivalves as model organisms for medical research. Researchers identify promising avenues for treating diseases such as cancer and developing new pharmaceuticals, as well as improving bone growth and repair.
Tropical Cyclone Riley was affected by easterly wind shear, which pushed clouds and storms west of its center. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument captured a visible image of the storm on January 29, 2019.
A new study published in Marketing Science found that the 'buddy system' approach to weight loss can be effective, with top performers inspiring others to lose weight. However, individual results vary and depend on the impact of peer comparisons.
Researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have discovered that flaviviruses reproduce in specific locations within tick salivary gland cultures. This finding could explain why virus transmission occurs so quickly, and may help identify transmission pathways that can be blocked with a countermeasure.
Researchers at CNIC discovered a daily cycle that regulates neutrophil activation, protecting against infection but potentially causing damage to the cardiovascular system. The study suggests that manipulating this clock could lead to new treatments for patients at risk of cardiovascular events or infections.
A study suggests that only about 10 percent of people who had non-fatal opioid overdoses in West Virginia received treatment in the aftermath. This missed opportunity to prevent future fatal overdoses is particularly concerning given the state's high overdose death rate.
Researchers at the University of Kansas are working on a new lithium-oxygen battery technology that promises higher energy storage capacity and longer-lasting performance. The goal is to overcome current limitations, such as slow discharge rates, and develop practical applications for consumer electronics and electric vehicles.
Research at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found opioid prescribing for pediatric patients declined in shorter treatment durations and lower doses between 2013 and 2017. The rate of prescribing remained consistent, however, with a bias towards females, ethnic minorities, and public insurance patients.
The MaNGA survey reveals the internal structure and composition of nearly 5,000 nearby galaxies, using resolved spectroscopy to dissect their composition and study star motions. The data release includes a massive 'stellar library' with spectra of over 3,000 stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
A new process creates a graded index Teflon-air film that eliminates reflections, making transparent plastics nearly invisible. The technology has practical applications in solar panels, eyeglasses, and virtual/augmented-reality headsets.
Researchers have identified key parameters influencing electrical conductivity in doped organic conductors, enabling further increases in performance. The study reveals molecular complexes with oppositely charged molecules play a crucial role in determining electrical conductivity levels.
Researchers found that sleep, mood, and stress impact older adults' perceived competence and locus of control. Positive emotions and good sleep efficacy improve control beliefs, while negative affects and stressful events decrease them.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine suggest narrow searcher spacing and double passes can increase detection rates. This new methodology aims to improve the recovery of skeletal remains, making it easier to find missing individuals.
The study found that using Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) in scientific papers can lower incidences of problematic cell-line use. This could lead to better reporting and future reproducibility efforts, ultimately aiding research data validity.
Researchers studying opioid addiction effects on bones are exploring how it impacts microscopic bone structures used to estimate age-at-death. Opioids upset the balance of bone remodeling towards more destruction and less formation of bone, leading to severely compromised age-at-death estimates.
A new study published in HeartRhythm found that women with breast cancer have an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation within three years following their cancer diagnosis compared to other women of the same age. The risk is higher for younger patients, with more than doubled incidence in those under sixty years old.
A Stanford study has identified a set of 20 genes that predict the severity of dengue fever, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment. The researchers used gene expression data from hundreds of patients to develop a predictive model that can identify patients at risk of severe disease.
Rafael and Ben-Gurion University collaborate to explore cyber security breaches in autonomous car sensors and develop protective solutions. The partnership aims to maintain Rafael's qualitative edge and innovative solutions.
Research on dietary fiber polymers reveals they physically influence the small intestine environment by causing solid particles to group together. This aggregation can impact nutrient and drug absorption, highlighting a previously underappreciated role of dietary fibers in gut function.
Scientists create new 3D printing process using stimulus-responsive polymers, enabling printed objects to change shape under external signals. The technology has potential applications in biology, biomedicine, and microfluidic systems.
Drs. Silvia Formenti and Heather McArthur will collaborate on a year-long project using radiation and immunotherapy to create personalized vaccines for breast cancer patients. Their work aims to improve treatment outcomes and reduce mortality.
A study by University of Delaware researchers reveals that larger-bodied fish, like juveniles, associate with anemones for protection, while smaller species partner with them throughout their lives. This mutualistic relationship is driven by predation and helps fish avoid predators in ocean reefs.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports reveals that cattle urine releases more nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, when spilled on degraded land compared to healthy pasture. Land restoration and conservation efforts can mitigate this impact by improving forage grasses, rotational grazing, and adding shrubs and trees.
Researchers at TUM developed a model to compute water level impacts on river sections by extreme weather events, enabling extrapolation of almost any location in the entire river system. Statistical methods linked satellite data from repetitive and SAR altimetry satellites.
New research reveals China's coal mining regulations have not reduced methane emissions, despite a goal to remove or convert 5.6 million metric tons of methane from mines by 2015. Methane emissions instead rose by about 1.1 million metric tons per year between 2010 and 2015.
A study published in the Journal of Obesity found that losing weight quickly versus slowly does not provide additional health benefits, with improvements in metabolic health being similar regardless of rate. The focus should be on achieving sustained weight loss at a safe pace of one to two pounds per week.
The foundation awarded over $4.7 million in grants to support innovative projects and breakthrough discoveries in cancer research. Young scientists will receive funding to pursue careers in cancer research and develop novel therapies.
Mechanical engineers at Keio University developed a fluid dynamics simulation to study the impact of water droplets against surfaces, enabling efficient and damage-free cleaning. The research provides insights into the trade-off between particle removal efficiency and surface damage.
A Johns Hopkins study shows China's regulations on gas releases from its coal mines have been ineffective in reducing methane emissions. Methane emissions rose by approximately 1.1 teragrams each year from 2010 to 2015, accounting for 11-24% of the world's total increase.
A drug derived from omega-3 fatty acids has been found to reduce osteoarthritis inflammation caused by a high-fat diet, according to researchers at Queensland University of Technology. The study also identified another effective treatment option, clodronate liposomes.
A study examining barriers to exercise among dialysis patients reveals that fatigue and weakness are major obstacles. Patients would like to improve their energy, strength, and quality of life through exercise, with most preferring aerobic and resistance training at home.
Researchers from OU and Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History are addressing the challenges of curating ancient biomolecules. The team is working toward the development and dissemination of best practices for museums in this field.
A study from Cornell University analyzed 765 million Spotify streams to discover how music intensity varies by season, hemisphere, and chronotype. Researchers found that people in western cultures prefer more arousing music, while those in Asia prefer relaxing music.
Researchers found that terminally ill cancer patients who have hope, positivity and family support can live well during advanced stages. The study identified a five-phase iterative process involving struggling, accepting, living with the illness, sharing the experience, and reconstructing life.
A study conducted by Columbia Mailman School of Public Health found that alcohol use intersects with spatial dimensions, influencing young people's likelihood of using condoms. Young people prefer convenient spaces for sex after drinking, but may engage in 'rushed' sex due to cost constraints.
A recent study reveals that nearly half of infectious disease and long-term care patients, as well as over 40% of oncology patients, are at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition can increase patients' risk of complications and delay recovery, emphasizing the need for nutrition care in hospitals.
A recent study has uncovered the molecular basis for artemisinins' effect on inhibitory neurotransmission, potentially leading to new treatments for neurological diseases. The research reveals that artemisinins target gephyrin, a protein involved in regulating inhibitory neurotransmission.
A new study by Rochester Institute of Technology researchers found that traditional admissions metrics like the GRE Physics Subject Test do not predict completion and hurt diversity in physics. Instead, undergraduate GPA is a more robust predictor of Ph.D. completion.
Researchers discovered two mechanisms in newborn infants that enable them to pick out individual words from speech. The study, published in Developmental Science, highlights the innate skills of humans at birth.
A study published in Developmental Science reveals that newborn babies are born with the ability to identify words in continuous speech. The researchers used Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to measure brain activity and discovered two mechanisms that enable infants to pick out individual words from a stream of sounds.
Researchers have discovered that immobile charge carriers play a crucial role in superconductivity, acting as a 'glue' to pair mobile charge carriers and enable zero resistance. The study reveals the delicate balance between mobile and immobile charge carriers is key to understanding high-temperature superconductivity.
Researchers engineered a virus that selectively targets and kills cancer cells, surpassing another viral treatment currently in use. The modified adenovirus, dl355, replicates more efficiently in cancer cells than normal cells, resulting in higher cancer cell kill rates.
A national study is comparing three FDA-approved treatments for fecal incontinence: biofeedback therapy, inert injectable compounds, and pacemaker stimulation. The five-year study aims to determine which treatment is most effective and safe for patients with moderate to severe fecal incontinence.
A 2-month lasting ultra-slow earthquake occurred south of Istanbul, coinciding with moderate-sized seismicity at shallow depth. The study sheds light on the interaction between aseismic slow deformation and seismically released energy, enhancing regional seismic risk assessment for the densely populated city.
The OCTN2 transporter plays a vital role in maintaining carnitine homeostasis, and its deficiency can cause severe muscle pathology. The OCTN1 transporter is associated with inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn's disease, and may have anti-inflammatory properties.
A study by Cristina Baus and Albert Costa found that listeners across languages can quickly assess a speaker's personality based on their voice. The researchers discovered that people form rapid impressions based on two main dimensions: valence (trustworthiness, warmth) and strength (dominance, aggressiveness).
The USPSTF reaffirms its recommendation for using an antibiotic ointment to prevent gonococcal eye infections in all newborns. This infection can spread to the cornea and cause blindness as early as 24 hours after birth, with transmission rates of 30% to 50% from mother to newborn.
Pre-teens using screens an hour before bed are at risk of poor sleep quality, with a 31% increase in likelihood when done in the dark. Insufficient sleep has been linked to impaired immune responses, depression, anxiety and obesity in children and adolescents.
New research from the University of Surrey found that female graduates who dress more professionally are perceived as having a higher final mark and thesis points than their peers who dress in short dresses or skirts. Participants also deemed professional attire more appropriate for graduation.
Researchers at Rice University found that arclogites, leftover dross from volcanic activity, are responsible for the missing niobium in continental crust. This discovery provides crucial information about how continents form and grow, shedding light on Earth's history and making it more livable.
A study published in PLOS ONE suggests that machine learning can provide an equally accurate and reliable prognosis for patients with cardiovascular disease, compared to traditional methods. The use of genetic programming reduces bias and human error, allowing complex associations to be made transparent to clinicians.
Researchers developed smart knee implants with built-in sensors that track pressure and activity levels. These sensors provide doctors with real-time updates, enabling them to adjust treatment plans and prolong the lifespan of the implant.
The inaugural issue of Ethics & Human Research explores new challenges in US human subjects research, including the impact of single-IRB mandates and genome editing. The journal also examines the need for local knowledge in multisite studies and highlights the difficulties countries face in adhering to international ethical standards w...
University of Utah engineers create low-power sensors that can detect organic compounds emitted by corn plants when attacked by insects or weeds. These sensors will alert farmers to potential threats, potentially increasing crop yields and reducing damage to biomass production.
New research demonstrates effective alternatives to harmful fluorochemicals used in durable water repellents, providing excellent rain protection and long-term ecological benefits. The study shows that non-fluorinated alternatives are a viable option for all cases where stain repellency is not essential.
A new study found that microplastics reduce mussels' ability to attach themselves, potentially threatening their survival and the stability of ocean ecosystems. Mussels produce fewer byssal threads, which are essential for attachment, after exposure to non-biodegradable microplastics.
A new study suggests that teaching classic literature can be a tool for social justice, rather than just promoting cultural literacy. Iowa State University professor Jeanne Dyches found that when students were given the tools to critically examine and question classic texts, they became more aware of messages of power and oppression.
A new study reveals an association between hearing loss and higher risk of subjective cognitive concerns, suggesting early stage changes in cognition. Men with mild, moderate, or severe hearing loss experienced a 30%, 42%, and 54% increased risk of cognitive decline compared to those with no hearing loss.
Astronomers have discovered that particle escapees from black holes steal rotational energy through interactions with magnetic fields, resulting in high-speed plasma jets. The new simulations show two main mechanisms: the Blandford-Znajek process and a particle-boosting mechanism near the equator.
A University of Illinois study developed an algorithm to predict both end-of-season yield and grain composition by analyzing weather patterns during three critical periods in corn development. The predictions apply to the entire Midwest corn crop and could influence global markets for animal feed applications.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have created a new model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, which points to molecular causes and potential treatments. The model, reported in Cell Reports, removes a major obstacle for scientists seeking to understand the disease.
A study of 223 restaurant meals in six countries found 94% exceed recommended daily calorie intake. Popular meals like Brazil's rice and chicken dish contain up to 1656 kcal.
Researchers at FAU have identified TRM cells as a key player in inducing acute inflammatory episodes in bowel diseases, leading to flare-ups and tissue damage. Patients with high proportions of these cells are more likely to experience severe symptoms.
The Lung Cancer Master Protocol (Lung-MAP) is expanding to include patients with all types of advanced stage non-small cell lung cancers. This will allow thousands of new patients to enroll in the trial and benefit from investigational drugs, addressing a significant need for new treatments.
A team of researchers has demonstrated that laser-generated crystals in glass can be manipulated to control their ferroelectric domain structure. This allows for the creation of new optical devices with high efficiency and low loss links, crucial for future quantum information transfer systems.
A recent study published in the journal Nutrients found that vegan meals increased beneficial gastrointestinal hormones in individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and healthy participants. This increase in gut hormones can help regulate blood sugar, enhance insulin secretion, promote satiety, and support weight management.
A University of Queensland-led study found that environmental legislation is failing to protect the southern black-throated finch's habitat, leading to a steep decline in its population. The research highlights the need to halt the decline of this bird's habitat to prevent extinction.
A new study found that smoked cannabis as an adjunctive therapy can be both effective and cost-effective in treating chronic peripheral neuropathy. The research simulated its use in one million patients and compared it to usual care, finding that cannabis was a viable alternative.
Researchers at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and Pacific Biosciences successfully assembled the genetic code of a single Anopheles coluzzii mosquito, opening doors to understanding genetic diversity in insects. The breakthrough reduces DNA needed for genome sequencing by an order of magnitude, enabling studies on previously inaccessibl...