Articles tagged with White Matter
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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A brain-mapping study found that aging adults' ability to make decisions in novel situations decreases as white matter pathways decline. The research suggests that strengthening these connections through cognitive training may be effective in intervening this age-related decline.
High intelligence and worry both correlate with brain activity measured by choline depletion in subcortical white matter, suggesting co-evolution between the two traits. Worry may aid survival by causing individuals to avoid dangerous situations, leading to higher survival rates.
Researchers used brain imaging and computer modeling to show how the brain's white matter tracts are altered in autism, affecting brain function and behavior. The findings give scientists clear targets for developing intervention and treatment therapies.
Researchers identify differences in brain structure in infants who later develop autism spectrum disorders, including stronger white matter connections at 6 months. The study suggests a period of dramatic brain changes between 6-24 months may be critical for ASD diagnosis.
A team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University has identified the neural mechanisms behind selecting what to visually attend to. They found that different regions in the brain communicate through white matter connections, allowing individuals to filter out irrelevant information.
Researchers describe three quantitative MRI techniques to characterize white matter properties, shedding light on aging, disease, and gender differences in brain function. These methods show promise in multiple sclerosis, depression, and human development.
A study by American Heart Association finds that people with severe sleep apnea have a higher risk of silent strokes and white matter lesions. The severity of sleep apnea increases the risk of disability at hospital discharge.
A new study by University of Zurich researchers found that brain areas responsible for the left hand adapt to compensate for an immobile right arm. The study suggests using the undamaged arm to strengthen the affected one through therapy, offering a potential treatment approach for stroke patients.
Researchers found increases in brain areas compensating for the injured side and decreases in areas not being used due to the cast or sling. This study supports current trauma surgery guidelines recommending immobilization 'as short as possible, as long as necessary',
Researchers used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study the effects of soccer 'heading' and found that frequent headers can lead to degeneration of brain cells. Brain areas responsible for attention, memory, and visual functions showed significant changes in FA values with high heading frequencies.
A new study uses high-field MRI to detect tiny white matter lesions in developing brains, revealing previously undetectable injuries. This breakthrough has the potential to prevent delays in therapy and improve diagnosis and prognosis of white matter injury in preterm infants.
A new brain imaging study reveals that autistic individuals' use of incorrect pronouns reflects a disordered neural representation of the self, processed by at least two brain areas. The research found significantly diminished synchronization in autism between frontal and posterior brain regions during pronoun use.
Patients with hydrocephalus and white matter changes who underwent shunt operations showed significant improvements in mental function and walking ability. The study's findings provide conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of shunt surgery in treating this condition.
A study published in Biological Psychiatry found that people with schizophrenia have abnormalities in inhibitory neurons within the cortex and increases in neurons in white matter below the cortex. The researchers suggest that inhibitory neurons may be 'stuck' at a stage of development due to genetic and environmental factors.
A new study by UC Davis researchers reveals that silent vascular disease is common among healthy, active older adults and can lead to subtle deficits in mental functioning. The study found that white matter hyperintensities are associated with greater declines in global cognition over time.
A team of researchers at Tel Aviv University has developed genetically mutated mice to study Vanishing White Matter disease, which destroys brain myelin. The new tool allows for the first time to follow the exact process of myelin destruction, providing valuable information about the molecular mechanisms of the disease.
A University of Kentucky study found changes in white matter connections in high-risk Alzheimer's patients before symptoms manifest. The research used MRI to assess microstructural integrity of axons and myelin in the brains of high- and low-risk groups.
Children with dyslexia exhibit structural differences in white matter fibers that affect the left-hemisphere language network. This disruption impairs reading, articulation, and speech, as the front and back parts of the brain fail to communicate effectively.
Research from the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health found that high blood pressure is associated with white matter abnormalities in the brain, which can lead to dementia. Women who had hypertension at age 65 were more likely to develop dementia eight years later.
Intensive reading instruction improves reading skills and alters brain tissue, increasing white matter quality and communication bandwidth. The study provides new insights into treating reading disabilities and developmental disorders.
Children with poor reading skills showed increased brain connectivity after intensive training, making significant gains in reading and potentially leading to improved treatments for developmental conditions like autism. The study suggests that behavioral training can enhance brain function and improve communication between brain regions.
Researchers at King's College London discovered abnormalities in white matter that trigger the onset of schizophrenia, particularly in posterior regions. The study suggests that faulty 'wiring' in key brain areas contributes to the development of full-blown symptoms.
A new study suggests that adolescents who engage in high-risk activities have more adult-like white matter tracts than their peers. This finding challenges the assumption that delayed brain maturation is the cause of impulsive and dangerous decisions during adolescence.
A study of 679 people aged 65 and older found that white matter hyperintensities were strongly linked to memory loss, while infarcts predicted non-memory cognitive problems. The results suggest that brain damage visible on scans may be a predictor of memory decline in old age.
A UCLA study reveals that adolescents at high risk for schizophrenia show altered brain development, including reduced white matter integrity. This alteration can predict future functional decline and may be key to identifying individuals who need more treatment.
A study using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveals new details about the brain's white matter tracts, allowing radiologists to better understand conditions such as tumors, hemorrhages, and strokes. DTI provides a comprehensive view of brain anatomy, including connectivity between regions.
A study found that adolescent binge drinkers have lower coherence of white matter fibers, suggesting poorer white matter health. This compromise can lead to difficulties in processing information and emotional functioning.
Researchers identified abnormalities in nerve pathways connecting key brain areas, suggesting a possible cause of writer's cramp. The study used diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) to assess white matter changes, finding differences between patients and healthy controls.
A recent study used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to assess white-matter microstructure in youth with and without histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. The findings show that alcohol can damage the microstructural integrity of fetal cerebral white matter, particularly in the frontal and occipital lobes, which are relevant for ...
Researchers at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine discovered a link between chronic pain and brain rewiring in complex region pain syndrome (CRPS). The study found changes in the brain's white matter, which dispatch messages between neurons, contributing to the condition.
Researchers have identified reduced white matter circuitry in brains of individuals with congenital prosopagnosia, a condition that affects face recognition. This discovery may lead to further understanding of other neurodevelopment disorders.
A study of nine world-class mountain climbers found a reduction in white and grey matter in the brain involved in motor activity after high-altitude expeditions to Everest and K2. Despite this, cognitive abilities remained unaffected.
A recent Northwestern University study reveals that the immediate response of non-black participants is to categorize racially ambiguous people as black when they know one parent is black and the other is white. However, upon more thoughtful reflection, they are more likely to consider the same faces multiracial.
A new study has identified several specific white matter regions and deep gray matter areas of the brain sensitive to prenatal alcohol exposure in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to map brain structure, revealing widespread diffusion abnormalities beyond the corpus callosum.
A recent study by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign found that personalized e-mails can have an unintended boomerang effect on businesses, making customers feel threatened or over-pitched. The study suggests that firms should use personalization to convey value rather than just trying to 'wow' prospective buyers.
Research using Magnetic Resonance Imaging technology has confirmed Huntington's disease before symptoms appear, allowing for early treatment. The study identified extensive white matter degeneration, a hallmark of the disease, which can help explain its complex motor and cognitive problems.
Two studies from the University at Buffalo use advanced MRI technologies to identify brain regions linked to Parkinson's disease. The research found that white matter hyperintensities are associated with lower scores on mental tests, suggesting a possible explanation for cognitive impairment in PD.
A three-year study found people with severe white matter changes are twice as likely to score poorly on walking and balance tests. Exercise may have the potential to reduce the risk of these problems, which can lead to hospitalization and nursing home placement.
Normal aging is linked to brain system disruption, causing cognitive decline even in absence of Alzheimer's disease pathology. The researchers found a correlation between reduced functional connections and decreased white matter integrity.
Advanced imaging techniques reveal that normal aging degrades bundles of axons in the central nervous system, disrupting communication between different brain regions. This decline contributes to cognitive decline and affects processing speed, executive function, and memory.
A study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that individuals with trouble reading quickly exhibit brain abnormalities in their white matter. The researchers discovered a specific type of dyslexia affecting these individuals, which was linked to disruptions in their white matter fibers.
Researchers found that disorganized white matter in the brain, particularly circuitous connections and poor organization, may cause slow reading in individuals with dyslexia. The study suggests that white-matter integrity and organization play a crucial role in reading fluency.
Researchers found that diffusion tensor imaging can identify structural changes in the white matter of the brain, correlating to cognitive deficits even in patients with mild TBI. The study also discovered axonal damage and myelin abnormalities in more severe injuries.
Research suggests that genetic factors significantly influence human brain structure and intelligence, particularly in regions involved in attention, language, and visual processing. Heritability estimates range from 70-90% for gray matter volume and 40-69% for the hippocampus.
Stephen A. Back, a pediatric neurology expert at Doernbecher Children's Hospital, has received the prestigious Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award for his research on white matter brain injury in premature infants. His work aims to develop therapies that can reverse brain damage and slow cognitive decline in aging adults.
A study by researchers at Kennedy Krieger Institute found a strong association between increased white matter volume and poorer motor skills in children with autism. Conversely, typically developing children showed improved motor skills with increased white matter volume.
Researchers identified an essential protein that plays a key role in myelination and remyelination, processes vital for healthy brain development and repair. The discovery has major implications for treating brain damage in newborns and may lead to treatments or interventions to enhance brain health.
In a groundbreaking discovery, Johns Hopkins scientists found that brain cells in the white matter communicate through electrical signals similar to those used by gray matter cells. This process allows 'naked' nerve cells to signal nearby oligodendrocyte precursor cells, potentially aiding in the repair of damaged myelin coats.
Researchers discover that genetic alterations in NRG1-erbB signaling contribute to psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. They find that blocking this signaling pathway leads to changes in brain structure and function, affecting the dopamine system and causing behavioral symptoms.
Researchers used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure structural integrity of white matter in brains of people with autism. They found reduced white matter integrity in areas around the corpus callosum, which may underlie narrow-focused thought and weak coherence in individuals with autism.
Research suggests that low birth weight infants, even those without disabilities, may face motor skills difficulties and lower cognitive abilities by adolescence. Prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors such as white matter injury and mechanical ventilation are associated with these outcomes.
A study found widespread damage to normal-appearing brain tissue in patients with multiple sclerosis, affecting large fractions of white and gray matter. This damage plays a larger role in disease progression than visible lesions.
Researchers have discovered the importance of white matter in the human brain using a new tool called Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). This breakthrough has the potential to reveal the role of white matter connections in various neurological conditions. The findings may also raise ethical concerns about how this information is used.
Researchers propose that brain regions like cerebral cortex and spinal cord are designed with low conduction delays in mind, allowing for efficient signal transmission. The study provides a mathematical framework for understanding the segregation of gray and white matter in the brain.
Researchers found that older individuals with less white matter in the frontal lobes struggle to focus on tasks. The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain structure and activation in individuals aged 19-87.
A study published in the British Journal of Psychiatry found that pathological liars have a surplus of white matter and a deficit of gray matter in their brains. This suggests they have more tools to lie but fewer moral restraints than normal people.
Researchers discovered that hyaluronic acid inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation, leading to brain damage. The findings offer clues on reversing some forms of brain damage and improving lives of thousands of infants.
A new UCI study finds that men and women use different brain areas to achieve similar IQ results, with women having more white matter and men having more gray matter related to intellectual skill. The study suggests that human evolution has created two different types of brains designed for equally intelligent behavior.
Researchers at Stanford and Packard find that premature boys' brains are more severely affected than girls in areas responsible for reading, language, emotion, and behavior. The study reveals a significant disparity between preterm males and females, with preterm boys struggling more with speech and language.
A study analyzing 36 white matter plaques in 20 MS patients showed diffusion tensor MRI to be 45% more sensitive than T2-weighted imaging in measuring diseased white matter. This could lead to earlier detection of abnormalities and improved assessment of therapy effectiveness.