Articles tagged with Chemical Solutions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers develop a multifunctional supramolecular catalysis protocol using open-cage solutions to achieve diverse cage-confined catalysis. The protocol enables selective mass transfer, C-H activation, and anionic intermediate stabilization, promoting acid/base-catalyzed cascade reactions.
A WVU-led research team will test the potential of geothermal energy by drilling three miles into the ground. The project aims to reduce carbon footprint and decrease energy costs for the university, with potential implications for industries across West Virginia.
Researchers found that tin fluoride additive traps oxidized tin in solution, reducing instability. Fluoride also improves colloid stability, leading to more homogeneous crystal growth.
Researchers at UNSW Sydney have found that dihydrogen phosphate anions, crucial for cellular activity, form clusters in solution due to surprisingly strong hydrogen bonds. This new understanding has implications for controlling the transport of molecules and potentially explaining biological membrane structure.
Researchers discovered a phase transition in quantum dot films, where conductivity increases when linker molecules replace long capping molecules. This breakthrough could lead to better solar panels and digital displays.
Scientists have developed a new prototype that amplifies signals up to 10,000-fold, enabling the monitoring of rapid chemical processes on the milliseconds timescale. This breakthrough allows for the analytical characterization of pre-nucleation species in biomineralization, challenging current theoretical frameworks.
Researchers developed a unique film-based photosensitizer that efficiently produces singlet oxygen with enhanced photochemical stability and visible light absorption, paving the way for practical applications in sterilization, water purification, and PDT.
Researchers study thiolate-protected gold-silver alloys, revealing intra-cluster and inter-cluster metal exchange that affects cluster stability and geometric structure. This understanding is crucial for harnessing novel physical and chemical properties of these clusters.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have successfully achieved solid-state thermochemiluminescence with crystals, a process that generates light through heat application. This fundamental discovery opens up unexplored directions in chemiluminescence research and has potential applications in solar energy harvesting technologies and sensing.
Researchers have created a water-soluble molecule that can measure pressure in solution, offering new possibilities for materials sciences, catalysis, and other fields. The molecular ruby-based system shows promising results with high sensitivity, outperforming traditional gemstone ruby measurements.
A new study reveals that entangled, long-chain polymers in solutions relax at two different rates, marking an advancement in fundamental polymer physics. The findings will provide a better understanding of the physical properties of polymeric materials and individual polymer molecule behavior under high-stress processing conditions.
Scientists have successfully transferred vibrational coherence between electronic states of a molecule, overcoming a major hurdle in the study of ultrafast chemical reactions. The research builds upon earlier studies and demonstrates the importance of solvents in driving energy flow in polyatomic molecules.
Researchers have developed a new method for removing heavy metals like lead and mercury from water using metal organic frameworks (MOFs). The MOF composite can quickly and selectively remove high amounts of toxic materials from real-world water samples, down to levels deemed drinkable by health organizations.
A new X-ray laser method solves the phase problem for solution scattering, allowing scientists to visualize molecular structures in detail. This improvement will enable researchers to study viruses and other biological molecules more effectively, providing critical information about their internal density variations.
Researchers at Brown University aim to store billions of terabytes of data in a single flask of liquid using synthetic molecules. The project, backed by a $4.1 million DARPA award, has the potential to enable computation through chemical reactions and improve information densities.
Researchers have developed a low-cost sensor using adhesive tape to analyze both liquid and solid samples, improving the accuracy of paper-based sensors. The device detects heavy metal ions in water without displacing indicator ink, making it reliable for environmental testing.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have discovered a molecular phenomenon where a guanosine derivative changes its supramolecular structure upon transitioning from solution to solid state and vice versa. This defies chemical precedent, suggesting a complex interplay between molecular interactions in different environments.
A new method allows for the analysis of dissolved molecules using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, simplifying laser experiments with ionic liquids. This enables insights into physical and chemical processes of novel liquid energy materials.
Scientists have found that dye molecules can transfer energy quickly to each other, even when they are different types, which could lead to more efficient ways of harnessing sunlight. This discovery was made using special aggregates of four chromophores and was confirmed by X-ray structural analysis.
Scientists improve understanding of actinium, a key element in creating new anticancer drugs. The study reveals actinium's behavior in solution, providing crucial chemical information for designing chelators and developing targeted alpha therapy.
Scientists at UC San Diego have developed a new tool that allows them to visualize nanoscale mixing processes occurring in liquids. This technique enables researchers to study chemical interactions and kinetics, previously impossible with traditional methods.
Researchers from Warsaw's Institute of Physical Chemistry discovered that quantum tunneling plays a dominant role in chemical reactions, even at room temperature. This finding could lead to precise control of chemical reactions through mode-selective chemistry.
A team led by Prof. Tae-Woo Lee at POSTECH has fabricated highly-efficient solution-processed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using pure-organic thermally-activated delayed-fluorescence (TADF) emitters. This breakthrough reduces the need for precious metals, lowering production costs.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab developed a new technique called SINGLE that provides 3D images of individual platinum nanoparticles in solution. This allows for the study of their structures and properties, which is crucial for applications in renewable energy, catalysis, and more.
Researchers have studied the formation and growth of chemical gardens, which produce colored forms resembling vegetable structures. By controlling the environment and reagent concentrations, they obtained reproducible structures such as flowers, filaments, or spirals.
Researchers at Dartmouth College have created a 'green' process that reduces molecular switching waste by harnessing visible light. The new method efficiently modulates molecular switches without generating waste, opening up potential for industrial applications in fields like anti-cancer drug delivery and LCD displays.
Researchers developed a methodology for describing dynamic sugar chain behaviors at atomic resolution, enabling the characterization of minor but biologically relevant conformational species. This breakthrough opens doors to observing flexible biomolecules as potential drug targets.
Berkeley Lab researchers unveiled the first soluble single-layer 2D honeycomb SOFs with precise control over dimensionality, holding implications for sensing, separation, energy sciences, and biomimetics. The breakthrough uses non-covalent supramolecular interactions to maintain solubility in water.
A team of researchers from Berkeley Lab and the Scripps Research Institute used a new technique to study the role of MutS in DNA's mismatch repair system, providing new insight into genome integrity. The study validated the 'beads-on-a-string' model of DNA repair and revealed details about MutS that could be valuable for drug design an...
Researchers have developed a 'dark channel mechanism' to explain binding processes in biochemical materials, allowing for deeper understanding of molecular interactions. The discovery, combined with ab initio calculations and high-resolution spectroscopy, provides new information on the chemistry of life.
Berkeley Lab researchers have developed a new set of metrics for analyzing data acquired via small angle scattering (SAS) experiments with X-rays or neutrons. The new metrics reduce the time required to collect data by up to 20 times, enabling accurate high-throughput and objective analyses of flexible molecular machines that control c...
Researchers have created a biological computer that uses biomolecules to decipher images encrypted on DNA chips, showcasing the potential for a new type of computing system. The device, based on Alan Turing's design, can process vast amounts of information in parallel, making it faster than traditional electronic computers.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have achieved a world record in nano research by tracking the largest contraction in an inorganic molecule ever recorded. The study used time-dissolved X-ray scattering to measure the contraction of Iridium atoms, resulting in a 62% increase over the previous record.
Researchers discovered that all GARS mutations causing CMT type 2D lead to a structural opening in the protein, creating space for other proteins to bind and cause havoc. This finding may lead to the development of drugs targeting this region, offering new therapeutic avenues for the disease.
A recent study by Washington University in St. Louis scientist Younan Xia found that nanoparticles above certain sizes and weights settle, altering the concentration near cell surfaces and resulting in higher cellular uptake rates. This discovery may invalidate prior experiments on nanoparticle toxicity and dosimetry.
University of Michigan researchers Kevin Kubarych and Carlos Baiz have achieved the feat of watching the first solvation shell respond to a chemical reaction. They realized that electrons move during chemical reactions, causing vibrational frequencies in surrounding molecules to change.
Researchers have observed single colloidal platinum nanocrystals growing in solution using liquid cell in situ transmission electron microscopy. The study reveals complex growth trajectories, including steady and spurt-like growth driven by coalescence events.
Researchers at NIST developed a new microscope design that tracks nanoparticles in solution as they move in three dimensions. This technology will help optimize nanoparticle assembly processes for better control and design of nanotech devices.
X-ray scattering techniques have been successfully applied to determine how dissolved metal ions interact in solution, revealing their structures and long-range interactions. This research helps understand how metal ions behave in the environment and has implications for predicting reactions to metal contaminants.
The L'Oréal-UNESCO Award For Women in Science recognizes five outstanding female researchers, including Dr. Mildred Dresselhaus, who pioneered carbon nanotube research at MIT's School of Engineering. The award honors their contributions to various fields, including medicinal chemistry and bio-medical applications.
Scientists have created a quick, inexpensive, and efficient method to extract single DNA molecules and position them in nanoscale troughs or 'slits' for easy analysis and sequencing. This technology promises faster and more efficient genome analysis, potentially leading to customized DNA profiles for patients.
Researchers at PNNL discovered that entombed enzymes in silica nanochambers can regain their activity, mimicking cellular crowding. The team developed a method to functionalize the pores with compounds tailored to specific enzymes, allowing for potent catalysis and efficient production of desired products.
The university has installed a 800 MHz German-made Bruker magnet, funded by a $2 million grant from the National Institutes of Health. The magnet is over twice as powerful as average hospital-based MRI machines and will be used for determining the three-dimensional structure and motion of biological molecules.
Researchers characterized intermediate states in protein folding at an atomic level, a crucial step towards predicting protein structure and improving drug design. This breakthrough could help understand errors in folding linked to diseases like cystic fibrosis and Alzheimer's.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed a method to control the architecture of nanocrystals using electrochemistry. They created nearly 30 different nanostructures by changing applied voltages and chemical types, offering greater predictability and convenience compared to traditional methods.
Researchers have isolated polyoxomolybdate molecules from molybdenum blue solutions and used laser light scattering to decipher their structure. The findings reveal hundreds of individual POM molecules forming stable, hollow spheres that remain suspended in solution.
A study found that pacifiers have a better analgesic effect than sweet solutions, but combining sucrose solution with pacifier sucking provides the best pain relief. The researchers suggest sensory dominance and enhanced coping mechanisms may be involved in pacifier-induced pain relief.