Articles tagged with Cell Models
A new study reveals that depression and antidepressant use are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. Epigenetic age acceleration, measured by GrimAge DNA methylation age acceleration, partially mediates the relationship between antidepressant use and increased mortality risk.
Researchers found that Werner syndrome mice experience age-dependent and sex-specific changes in their livers and immune systems, including fatty liver accumulation and altered lipid metabolism. These findings suggest a potential link between immunoglobulin variants and fatty liver progression in the disorder.
Researchers develop LoCoHD algorithm to compare protein structures based on chemical information of atoms, enabling analysis of molecular machines and identifying critical amino acids. The method shows promise in predicting protein functions, including studying the internal motion of proteins like podocin.
Researchers have identified collagen features as valuable biomarkers for evaluating melanoma immunotherapy response. Single-fiber characteristics were found to be more sensitive to treatment-induced changes than bulk collagen features, offering insights into collagen remodeling over time.
Researchers at Bielefeld University discovered that certain gluten-derived molecules, including the 33-mer deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP), form nanosized structures that accumulate in gut epithelial cells and lead to leaky gut syndrome. This triggers chronic inflammation and autoimmune responses in celiac disease patients.
Scientists have developed a functional model of thoracic aortic aneurysm using human cells in laboratory rats, offering new avenues for drug development and effective screening. The model successfully mimics dilation of the human aorta and has potential applications for treating this potentially fatal condition.
Researchers used supercomputer simulations and machine learning to map diamond's phonon stability boundary in six dimensional strain space. This framework guides the engineering of materials through elastic strain engineering, enabling the development of new devices such as computer chips and quantum sensors.
Researchers developed Tripath to analyze 3D tissue samples, predicting clinical outcomes based on 3D morphological features. This approach outperformed traditional methods, providing promising potential for guiding critical treatment decisions.
Researchers found that gut bacteria-generated linoleic acid metabolite KetoC markedly reduced inflammation and immune cell expansion. gKetoC also suppressed prolonged T-cell proliferation and dendritic cell activation. The study suggests a potential molecular axis governing the immunomodulatory effects of gKetoC.
Researchers developed a computational model simulating fruit fly wing development to identify mechanisms behind organ generation. The model revealed two distinct classes of chemical signaling pathways that produce curved or flat tissues.
A team of scientists has developed a novel vaccine approach that induces long-lasting protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus in pre-clinical models. The Clec9A-RBD antibody construct targets specific dendritic cells, leading to exceptional durability of immune responses and potential to address shortcoming of current mRNA vaccines.
The study, published in Cell Stem Cell, improves the growth of nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) using a chemical cocktail, enabling sustained growth in a simple 2-dimensional format. The breakthrough has potential for advancing kidney research and discovering new treatments.
A UT Arlington student has made a groundbreaking connection between worm behavior and brain disease in humans. Through her research, she found that worms with mutations in neurodegeneration genes exhibit abnormal reactivity to stimuli, similar to those affected by schizophrenia and other neurological disorders.
Researchers at University of Kansas discover a new compound that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell models by targeting the 'Mac-1' protein. This finding offers hope for developing new treatments and preventing future pandemics.
Researchers found that BTF3L4 overexpression mediates APAP-induced liver injury by inducing inflammation and damaging mitochondrial function. Increased BTF3L4 expression is positively associated with liver injury and may serve as a biomarker.
Egg cells generate internal fluid flows to transport nutrients, but how these flows arise has been a mystery. Researchers used computational models and experiments to understand the mechanics of twister-like fluid flows, revealing their origin from microtubules and molecular motors.
Bacteria divide by adding a specific number of molecules rather than reaching a predetermined size, according to new mathematical modeling published in Physical Review Letters. This approach, known as the adder strategy, is more precise and less sensitive to errors during replication.
A new study models the impact of high thermal conductivity paper on power transformer performance and life. The research aims to improve transformer efficiency by reducing hotspot temperatures, potentially doubling or tripling lifespan. Researchers used Stampede2 supercomputer simulations to test the effectiveness of engineered paper.
A new study developed two machine learning models to quantify CD8+ cell positivity and classify the immunophenotype of cancer specimens in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The models hold promise for identifying patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.
Researchers found that geraniol reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment in a mouse aging model. Geraniol treatment improved spatial learning and memory by enhancing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Researchers at NTU Singapore successfully grew 'mini kidneys' in the lab, grafted them into live mice, and found a potential treatment for polycystic kidney disease by boosting autophagy. The study suggests that minoxidil could be used to reduce cysts in the novel mouse model.
MD Anderson researchers presented studies on combination therapies for AML and lung cancer, tumor microbiomes in immunity, and improved HPV screening. Genetic markers predict extended survival with KRAS inhibitors and may identify patients who benefit from novel combinations.
Weill Cornell Medicine scientists developed a human neuron model that simulates tau protein aggregate spread, a process driving cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. The model identified novel therapeutic targets, including the UFMylation cascade, which can potentially block tau spread.
Researchers develop a computational approach to predict mutations leading to better proteins, with potential applications in neuroscience research and gene therapy. The technique uses a convolutional neural network to create a fitness landscape, enabling faster optimization of proteins.
Researchers discovered that mature oligodendrocytes, critical for brain function, can survive for up to 45 days after a fatal trauma, defying the classical programmed cell-death pathway. This finding opens new avenues for understanding and potentially preventing damage caused by aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers develop AI-powered method to rapidly predict multiple protein configurations, understanding protein dynamics and functions. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery by uncovering more targets for new treatments.
A stem cell model system called blastoid has allowed scientists to study the nuances of human gastrulation in vitro, providing unprecedented clarity into early human development. The team observed key moments in gastrulation, including epiblast symmetry-breaking and emergence of molecular markers for primitive streak and mesoderm.
A team of researchers has developed the world's first 3D-printed brain phantom, which can be imaged using dMRI. The brain model is made up of microchannels that mimic nerve cells in the brain, allowing for more accurate analysis and research into neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers discovered that brains prioritize integrating muscle spindle input to understand body movement and position. Task-driven neural network models were found to be most effective in predicting limb position and velocity.
Scientists from UC3M and Johns Hopkins University have developed a computational model that simulates the invasion process of cancer cells based on the characteristics of surrounding tissue and cell junctions. The model allows for predicting tumor evolution in patients by analyzing mechanical properties of the microenvironment.
Research reveals that FoxO6 upregulates ApoC3, leading to increased lipid accumulation and liver damage in aged rats on a high-fat diet. The study suggests that targeting this pathway may offer therapeutic strategies against hepatic steatosis.
Researchers have developed a vascularized organoid model (VOM) that accurately replicates the actual vasculature and environment of gastric cancer, enabling patient-specific predictions of response to anticancer drugs. The VOM demonstrates high cell viability rates and similarity to actual gastric cancer conditions.
The USC CIRM ASCEND Center will offer organoids, single-cell analysis, and spatial transcriptomics services to the California research community. The center aims to facilitate collaboration, technology transfer, and a competent workforce in personalized medicine.
Researchers have discovered a universal mechanism for cell motility, applying to various types of migrating cells. Cells tend to move circumferentially on convex structures and prefer axial forward or backward motion on concave surfaces.
Researchers developed chronological age prediction models by analyzing gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex, identifying genes associated with aging and potential mechanisms. The models showed high correlation with age and demonstrated female and male-specific differences.
A Kyoto University research group developed RENGE, a computational model to estimate gene regulatory networks in multicellular organisms. The method measures time-series gene expression and uses the proprietary model to infer regulatory dynamics.
Researchers question whether micronuclei activate the cGAS-STING pathway, a key innate immune response to foreign nucleic acids. The study found that MN more commonly recognizes DNA during cell division without triggering STING activation.
The lack of standardized controls in lifespan studies leads to misleading outcomes and makes it difficult to compare results. Researchers propose solutions for quality control by checking inter- and intra-study consistency of lifespan data.
Researchers have developed a cell culture system that differentiates human pluripotent stem cells to amniotic and surface ectoderm, which are essential for human embryo development. The study found that the degree of cell crowding influences cell identity decision.
Researchers at John Innes Centre used cryo-EM to visualize the structural architecture of chloroplast RNA polymerase and build a detailed atomic model. The study reveals new insights into transcription, a fundamental step in making photosynthetic proteins, and how these proteins interact with DNA and mRNA.
A new machine learning approach using Alu elements in blood plasma has improved the detection of cancer early by reaching 98.9% specificity. The test can catch 41% more cancer cases than existing biomarkers and is expected to complement other cancer tests.
Researchers at Salk Institute have created a novel organoid model of the human brain that includes mature, functional astrocytes. This allows for the study of inflammation and stress in aging and diseases like Alzheimer's with greater clarity, revealing a relationship between astrocyte dysfunction and inflammation.
Researchers found that synthetic PIC gel can stimulate cell growth and increase collagen production, potentially improving wound healing after pelvic organ prolapse surgery. The study also showed a mild immune response to the gel when tested on laboratory animals.
Researchers developed an oxidative stress-based prognostic model for bladder cancer, identifying distinct molecular subtypes and predicting patient outcomes. The model shows promise in tailoring personalized treatment approaches, particularly for patients with low-risk profiles.
Researchers discovered that the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway protects enterocytes during aging, reducing ISC proliferation and centrosome amplification. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying healthy aging in Drosophila.
PandaOmics uses advanced AI algorithms to process vast quantities of diverse data, performing gene and pathway analysis and target predictions. The platform has been extensively validated in multiple therapeutic areas, including oncology, inflammation, and immunology.
Researchers have identified two essential ferredoxins that play a key role in determining the performance of iron nitrogenase. The discovery opens up new possibilities for elucidating and maximizing nitrogenase's potential, which could lead to sustainable enzymatic production of ammonia and carbon compounds.
Scientists developed an innovative neural cell culture model that replicates the aberrant behavior of TDP-43 in neurons. The model identified NPTX2 as a toxic protein that accumulates in cells containing abnormal TDP-43, leading to neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD.
Researchers developed a multipronged strategy to identify transporters used by different drugs, revealing potential interactions between commonly prescribed antibiotics and blood thinners. The approach has the potential to improve patient treatment and predict potential toxicities.
A new computer model of a human lung is being used to simulate the interaction of radiation with lung tissue at a cellular level. This could lead to more targeted treatments for cancer and reduce damage caused by radiotherapy.
A new AI tool, DeepGO-SE, successfully predicts the molecular functions of unknown proteins with high accuracy. This breakthrough enables researchers to analyze uncharacterized proteins, facilitating tasks such as drug discovery, metabolic pathway analysis, and disease associations.
Researchers have developed a new approach to treating cutaneous neurofibromas, a common skin tumor associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. By targeting the cAMP and Ras/MAPK pathways, this combination therapy may provide an enduring halt in the expansion of these tumors.
Researchers from Florida Atlantic University found that alpha-santalol, a compound in sandalwood oil, decreases cell proliferation and induces apoptosis to prevent prostate cancer development. The study showed a 53% increase in normal tissue area in treated mice, indicating protection against prostate cancer progression.
Scientists created a human heart organoid system to simulate embryonic heart development under pregestational diabetes-like conditions. The organoids recapitulate hallmarks of the condition and showed that ER stress and lipid imbalance contribute to the disorders. Exposure to omega-3s ameliorated the effects.
The team created a trophoblast stem cell-based organoid model that effectively mimics the structural and biological details of the human placenta. This model will help scientists better understand general placental biology and potential drug toxicity, ultimately informing the development of safer drugs.
Researchers develop epigenetic clocks based on regional disorder of DNA methylation patterns, identifying common responses and critical differences from canonical clocks. These findings suggest a fundamental decoupling of epigenetic aging processes.
Researchers identified senescence-related tumor microenvironment genes associated with poor prognosis, genetic alterations, and reduced responsiveness to immunotherapy in HNSC. The study highlights the importance of precision medicine approaches for personalized treatment.
A recent study published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science reveals that changes in subtropical and midlatitude eddy activity control the variation of the Hadley cell edge latitude. The researchers analyzed 41 years of data and found associations with El Niño, La Niña, and the Arctic oscillation.
A new 3D bioprinted liver tissue model has been developed to study nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a serious complication of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The model, created using liver cells from healthy or NASH-diseased donors, displays all characteristics of the disease, including fibrosis.
A new cancer GPS method uses a water-soluble, luminescent europium complex to evaluate the malignancy grade of model glioma tumor cells without causing harm. The method measures changes in the lifetime of the complex's red-light emission, revealing differences in tumor activity and growth processes between different malignancy grades.