Articles tagged with Cell Models
A new study found that nicotine-free vape fluid can increase inflammation and oxidative stress in the lungs, causing damage similar to patients with lung injury. The research identified a protein called ARF6 as a key regulator of this damage.
Researchers studied the effects of resveratrol on circadian clock gene expression in young and older human adipose-derived progenitor cells. They found increased levels of some components in older-APCs compared to young-APCs, but also observed gained rhythmicity of some components after resveratrol treatment.
A new study led by Dr. Richard Naud of the University of Ottawa's Faculty of Medicine tackles the mystery of neuronal response variability, controlling output with dendrites' inputs to the core and little antennas
UAB researchers have created a 3D, three-layer nanomatrix vascular sheet that mimics human atherosclerosis, enabling high-throughput drug screening. The model replicates key features of the disease and has been validated with two classic atherosclerosis drugs.
A new computational model, IRMMa, predicts personalized prognosis for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients based on tumor genomics and treatments. The model improves on previous prognostic tools by taking into account individualized risk and distinct subtypes of the disease.
Scientists at the University of Bath have found that the gene Angiogenin plays an important role in the development of nerve cells. In its mutated form, it causes stem cells to persist in their original state longer than they should, resulting in neurodevelopmental defects.
A novel human brain organoid model generates all major cell types of the cerebellum, including functional Purkinje neurons. This breakthrough provides a new way to explore cerebellar development and disorders, advancing therapeutic interventions.
Researchers used deep learning models to identify compounds with strong antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The models were trained on expanded datasets and an algorithm that allows for explainable predictions, enabling the discovery of potent antibiotics with minimal human toxicity.
Scientists have created a self-organizing neuromuscular junction model from human pluripotent stem cells to study complex neuromuscular diseases. The 2D and 3D cultures mimic the physiological situation, allowing researchers to perform high-throughput drug screening for novel treatments.
This study found that SIRT6 activation improves DNA damage repair efficiency and reduces baseline DNA damage in chondrocytes from older donors. MDL-800 treatment also lowered p16 promoter activity and decreased DNA damage in murine cartilage explants, supporting the concept of SIRT6 as a critical regulator of DNA repair.
Researchers revisited melatonin's effects on cancer in mice, finding that nighttime administration inhibits chemically induced mammary tumor development. The study highlights the importance of timing in using this freely available compound for cancer prevention and treatment.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a novel embryo-like model, heX-Embryoid, which replicates key features of early human development, including blood cell generation. The model has been shown to produce structures similar to blood islands and detect progenitors of red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells.
The American College of Physicians has published a new clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C virus in chronic kidney disease. The guideline includes recommendations for expanding treatment with sofosbuvir-based regimens to patients with CKD glomerular filtration rate categor...
A team of Kyoto University researchers found that macrophages produce granulomas through a hyperactive metabolic pathway called the pentose phosphate pathway. Inhibition of this pathway showed therapeutic efficacy in reducing granuloma formation in vitro and in mouse tissue models.
A new organoid model replicates the dopaminergic system's structure, connectivity, and functionality, shedding light on its intricate functionality and potential implications for Parkinson’s disease. The model also uncovers the enduring effects of chronic cocaine exposure on the dopaminergic circuit, even after withdrawal.
The Cre-LoxP system's specificity is compromised due to non-specific promoters driving Cre expression, leading to inaccurate results. This limitation requires careful consideration for proper interpretation of experimental outcomes.
Researchers found a significant increase in extracellular vesicles released by aged keratinocytes, which were also enriched with specific microRNAs. These EVs impaired young keratinocyte proliferation and organogenesis, mimicking aged skin defects.
Researchers found that 1,5-AF activated AMPK, leading to upregulation of the PGC-1α/BDNF pathway and alleviating aging-related decline in motor cognitive function. The study suggests that 1,5-AF can induce endogenous neurovascular protection, potentially preventing aging-associated brain diseases.
A new AI tool combines cancerous and non-cancerous cell patterns to predict breast cancer outcomes, allowing for more precise treatment plans. This could lead to reduced chemotherapy duration and intensity for some patients.
A new MIT study proposes a theoretical model that helps explain how cells maintain the memory of their cell type despite losing chemical modifications during DNA replication. The research team suggests that the 3D folding pattern of the genome determines which parts will be marked by these chemical modifications.
Scientists at Texas Biomedical Research Institute found a promising cancer therapy also effectively reduces TB growth, even for drug-resistant bacteria. The therapy combines MCL-1 and BCL-2 inhibitors with antibiotics to control TB up to 98%.
Researchers developed an AI model using epigenetic factors to predict patient outcomes across multiple cancer types. The model successfully divided patients into two groups with different survival chances, and its genes were found to have a significant overlap with cluster-defining signature genes.
Researchers characterized changes in cognitive behaviors, neuronal morphology and gene expression in a tauopathy mouse model. The study found significant decreases in dendritic arborization and synaptic gene upregulation over time.
Researchers at Hokkaido University found that cancer stem cells cause macrophages to age, suppressing their antitumor activity. Supplementing mice with nicotinamide mononucleotide restored macrophage function and prevented tumor growth.
Researchers at Stanford University discovered that breast cancer cells use a collective, physical mechanism to break through the basement membrane barrier. In a 3D hydrogel model, cancer cells trapped within duct-like structures swelled and stretched, weakening the basement membrane and allowing escape.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory used quantum biology and artificial intelligence to sharpen the CRISPR Cas9 genome editing tool, improving its efficiency on microbes. The new model revealed key features about nucleotides that enable better guide RNA selection.
A recent study found that transient inflammatory pain causes persistent mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances in sensory neurons, leading to failure in pain resolution. Targeting the cellular redox balance prevents and treats chronic inflammatory pain in rodents.
Researchers created an immunodeficient mouse model of physiological ovarian aging, mirroring female fertility decline with age. The study found decreased oocyte quality, impaired follicle activation and growth, and increased mitochondrial dysfunctions in Old mice.
A new mathematical model suggests that mammalian sperm cells exhibit two distinct swimming modes, which may be linked to fertilization. The model captures the interactions between motor kinetics and flagella deformations, revealing a second mode with stronger wave-shaped beating.
Researchers found that FAAH inhibition reduced breast cancer growth in immunodeficient mice and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. The combination of FAAH inhibitors and endocannabinoids was the most effective treatment approach.
Researchers from Tsinghua University provide an overview of biofabrication methods for single-cell feature building blocks to reconstruct engineered living systems. The techniques aim to replicate natural tissues with precise control over microenvironment and structure, benefiting biomedicine applications.
Researchers from Austria and France join forces to unravel the secrets of gene regulation during mammalian development using stem cell-derived 3D culture models. The project aims to understand how key molecular events influence gene transcription and regulation over hours and days.
A new study reveals that autophagy plays a crucial role in the gradual loss of DNA content in diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells undergoing chronological aging. The researchers found that only diploids survived, and autophagy induction was responsible for the DNA loss.
Researchers developed a novel physical theory that can accurately predict protein folding, surpassing existing models like AlphaFold 2. The new model, WSME-L, can elucidate folding processes without limitations, enabling a comprehensive understanding of protein structures and behaviors.
Researchers found that DNA damage accumulates in arteries with aging and contributes to impaired vascular function. In mice lacking or heterozygous for the double-strand DNA break repair protein ATM kinase, aging accelerated vascular dysfunction, including increased arterial stiffness and oxidative stress.
Researchers developed a human in vitro model of radiation-induced lung injury, closely mimicking the complexities of the disease. The Human Lung Alveolus Chip recapitulates hallmarks of RILI, including DNA damage, inflammation, and injury to lung cells and blood vessels.
Researchers have developed a lab-grown human skin model that effectively replicates mpox virus infections, providing insights into the virus's mechanisms of attack on skin cells. The study reveals how the virus causes disease and identifies potential therapeutic targets, including an antiviral drug called tecovirimat.
The 3rd annual Frontera User Meeting showcased the power of the NSF-funded supercomputer in various domains of science. Researchers presented findings on projects utilizing Frontera's capabilities, including compound storm surge models and nonlinear earthquake simulations. Additionally, scientists leveraged the system to analyze anonym...
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London developed a new organ-on-a-chip model of the human synovium to study arthritis mechanisms and develop new treatments. The three-dimensional microfluidic device successfully replicates key features of native synovium biology.
The UK Biobank study found that racial minority status increased dementia risk by 24%, with socio-economic status attenuating this effect. Lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking, physical activity, and sleep were identified as crucial in reducing racial and socio-economic disparities in dementia.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System are developing computer models to better understand the cellular processes and gene activity of multi-drug resistant bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The goal is to identify vulnerabilities in these bacteria and advance the development of new treatments.
A new study reveals that changing nutrient use can reprogram immune cells, potentially treating cancer and infections. By blocking choline metabolism, researchers found a 'tremendous reprogramming of the immune profile' in mice, suggesting this knowledge could lead to novel therapies.
Researchers developed a novel approach to predict therapeutic targets for aging and age-related diseases. They trained a domain-specific BioGPT model on biomedical literature, which improved its performance in identifying prospective targets.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have shown that graphene oxide nanoflakes can reduce the accumulation of misfolded amyloid peptides in yeast cells, which are similar to human neurons affected by Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that graphene oxide may hold great potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Rice University bioengineers Jerzy Szablowski and Julea Vlassakis have received the National Institutes of Health Director’s New Innovator Award for their creative research projects on gene expression and cancer interactions. Szablowski is developing noninvasive methods to map gene expression, while Vlassakis is studying complex single...
Researchers created a tiny 3D cell culture model that mimics the function of lymphatic vessels to explore how inflammatory substances affect the lymphatic system. They found that certain cytokines cause cells to tighten their junctions, leading to reduced fluid drainage and swelling. Inhibiting a protein called ROCK2 reversed lymphedem...
Researchers at UVA Health System have developed a powerful new tool to understand how medications affect men and women differently. The model has provided unprecedented insights into biological processes in the liver, helping ensure that new medications will not cause harmful side effects.
Researchers developed a new technology to test new drugs against liver diseases by recreating the real human liver environment. The model consists of live liver cells in an artificial blood vessel system, allowing for controlled testing and monitoring.
A new AI method leverages causal relationships in genome regulation to efficiently identify optimal genetic perturbations for cellular reprogramming. The technique reduces experimental costs by prioritizing the most informative interventions, leading to faster convergence and more effective results.
Researchers have discovered widespread genomic mutations and instability in transmissible cancers found in clams, which may explain their survival for over 200 years. The study highlights the clam's potential as a model for studying cancer evolution and developing novel strategies to block cancer in humans.
A University of Virginia team has developed a new analytical tool using hydrogels to cultivate vascular sprouting from mouse lung tissue, providing new insight into idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The research aims to understand the biomechanical and biochemical cues to blood vessels in the lungs during disease progression.
A new biomimetic chip has been developed to simulate the human gastric mucosa, combining organoid and organ-on-a-chip technologies. The biochip replicates mechanical stimulation and cell-to-cell interactions, mimicking key features of the human stomach's defense mechanisms.
A new cell model has been created to simulate the evolution of a common form of childhood leukemia, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The model replicates the disease in children's cells, providing a crucial tool for researchers to develop new therapeutic strategies.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro found that teff increases levels of glutathione, an antioxidant molecule, and gene expression related to glutathione pathways. The study used human leukemia monocytic cells and compared ivory and brown varieties of tef, with brown teff producing higher glutathione levels.
A new study found that living donor liver transplant access optimizes the timing of transplant for older, frail cirrhosis patients. Patients with moderate to severe frailty, short stature, and low MELD scores benefited from LDLT, reducing waitlist mortality and improving post-transplant outcomes.
Researchers compared transcriptomic profiles of human 8-cell-like cells and blastomeres to understand early human embryonic development. The study found that reprogrammed iBM cells showed the highest similarity to the 8-cell-stage embryo, while other 8CLCs were heterogeneous.
Researchers developed a DNA damage-induced senescence model in osteoarthritic chondrocytes, which reliably induces cellular senescence and accumulates senescent cells in OA joint tissues. The study provides a useful model to develop therapeutic approaches targeting senescence in osteoarthritis.
Researchers developed a computational model to analyze glucose-responsive insulin (GRI) performance in human patients. The model predicted that differences in sugar receptor behavior between humans and lab animals led to the drug's poor effect in clinical trials. This breakthrough helps researchers design better GRIs, potentially reduc...
The NY Genome Center will use patient-derived stem cells models combined with functional genomics and genome engineering to shed light on the biological processes underlying bipolar disorder. The study aims to address gaps in knowledge of genetic risk for bipolar disorder and advance treatment strategies.
A new study introduces the concept of a 'noise barometer,' measuring biological age based on epigenetic changes. The researchers found that specific cytosines show increased variability with age, indicating a biomarker for aging and disease. This approach provides a novel perspective on aging research.