Articles tagged with Cell Models
Researchers have identified a new cell state in embryonic airway development, which may lead to new approaches for treating chronic respiratory diseases. The discovery highlights the crucial role of cellular heterogeneity in shaping airway biology.
A team of investigators created embryo-like structures from monkey embryonic stem cells and transferred them into female monkeys, which implanted and elicited a hormonal response similar to pregnancy. The study provides new tools and perspectives for exploring primate embryos and reproductive medical health.
A new study led by Marshall University researchers has revealed that the Xie model for NKA receptor/signaling is a key player in regulating sodium balance. The study found that NKA signaling tonically inhibits sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule, shedding light on a novel mechanism of body salt handling.
A new study develops an algorithm to decode the coordinated regulation of cell-edge velocity by Rho GTPases, revealing specific characteristics of each enzyme. The model predicts edge velocity from activity time series with high accuracy.
Researchers developed HIV-1-infection models in human microglia cell cultures to investigate the insertion of the HIV-1 genome. They discovered a correlation between a cellular chromatin factor and the sleeping virus phenotype, linking viral integration to topologically associated domains.
Researchers from Swansea University and Université Grenoble Alpes demonstrate the effectiveness of selenium nanoparticles in killing ovarian cancer cell models. The study reveals a novel biological mechanism underlying the anti-cancer effect, involving histone methylatransferases and epigenetic processes.
Researchers at Kyoto University found that neutrophils instruct macrophages to form a bacteria-permissive microenvironment, which could have implications for cancer treatment. The study suggests that A9, an enzyme expressed in neutrophils, may play a key role in this process.
Researchers at Cornell University developed a new model called swarmalators, which can simulate swarming behaviors and synchronized timing in microrobots. The model mimics diverse emergent phenomena, such as aggregation, dispersion, and vortices, and can be used for precision medicine and drone applications.
Researchers developed a microfluidic model of vascular malformation caused by PIK3CA mutation, allowing them to study disease mechanisms and test treatment efficacy. The model successfully replicated the disease's manifestations and responded to alpelisib, a newly approved PIK3CA inhibitor.
Scientists at the Wyss Institute and Gameto develop a living, fully human ovarian organoid that supports egg cell maturation and secretes sex hormones. This technology enables the study of human ovarian biology without tissue from patients and could lead to new treatments for infertility and ovarian cancer.
Researchers have generated induced pluripotent stem cells from bats, gaining insights into the relationship between bats and viruses. The study may also shed light on bats' remarkable defenses against aging and cancer.
Researchers developed an open-microfluidic 3D blood-brain barrier model to study the complex structure and function of the barrier. The model allows for simultaneous measurement of permeability and morphological changes, providing new insights into how the barrier responds to injuries and diseases.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have identified CD70 as a novel therapeutic target for eliminating drug-resistant cancer cells in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. CD70 targeting strategies showed significant anti-tumor activity, eliminating resistant cells in laboratory models.
Researchers investigated the effects of everolimus on the STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in TP53 mutant cell lines and xenograft models. Everolimus treatment significantly inhibited cell growth and reduced tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
The Jackson Laboratory has developed a stable iPSC line, KOLF2.1J, with high genomic stability and wide applicability to various diseases. This cell line can be used as a reference platform for large-scale collaborative studies and accelerate human disease research.
Researchers found that clearance of p16Ink4a-positive cells did not impact β-cell mass, but improved β-cell function and proliferative capacity in a subset of HFD mice. The targeted subpopulation of β-cells is non-proliferative and non-SASP producing.
Researchers developed a microfluidic device to model the spleen's filtration function in patients with sickle cell disease. The study found that low oxygen levels can cause the spleen's filters to become clogged, while boosting oxygen levels can unclog them, potentially explaining how blood transfusions help patients.
Using artificial human skin, researchers have successfully blocked invasive growth in a skin cancer model by targeting the TGF beta pathway. The study aims to develop new skin cancer therapies using existing drugs that can block these signalling pathways.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital used a next-generation protein degradation technology to study CTCF, revealing its functional insights into transcription regulation. The AID2 system overcame limitations of previous approaches, identifying specific zinc finger domains responsible for CTCF-dependent transcription.
Researchers have discovered a unique, fast synapse in the inner ear that processes signals faster than any other in the human body. This breakthrough could lead to improved treatments for vertigo and balance disorders affecting millions of Americans over 40.
A new study found that the antibody-drug conjugate STRO-001 showed nanomolar cytotoxicity in 88% of cancer cell lines tested, with potent efficacy against proliferating B cells. The research supports ongoing clinical studies for patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
A new study reveals how new cells join a tissue by reading mechanical information from neighboring tissue. They use cellular fingers called filopodia to touch neighboring cells, opening up the cell layer. This process must happen with accurate precision for proper development and tissue formation.
Researchers developed a computational model of mesenchymal migration to understand how cancer cells navigate tissue. The model confirms that cells adapt their movement based on surface stiffness, using internal biochemical signals and chemical cues from surrounding tissues.
Researchers from Washington University in St. Louis and Purdue University used single-cell data to develop a new framework for understanding the relationship between cell growth, DNA replication, and division in bacteria. They found that individual cells can exquisitely coordinate these processes, despite the 'noisiness' of each process.
A new stem cell model allows researchers to study the earliest stages of sex determination in mice and humans, providing insights into Disorders of Sex Development (DSD). The model enables the creation of a 'mini testis' in a dish, which could lead to better understanding of DSD, infertility, and fertility restoration.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have discovered a novel triple immunotherapy combination targeting checkpoints in T cells and myeloid suppressor cells, improving anti-tumor responses and survival rates in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. The study found that neutralizing specific immunosuppressive mechanisms dramatical...
Researchers developed a cell-based method to predict breast cancer treatment responses, showing promising results and potential for personalized medicine. The method uses tumour cells and supporting cells from patients, allowing for efficient drug profiling and accurate treatment prediction.
A new AI tool developed by Brigham and Women's Hospital improves the accuracy of time-critical pathology diagnostics during surgery. The tool, which leverages deep-learning technology, translates frozen tissue samples into high-quality images, increasing diagnostic accuracy and reducing the need for lengthy laboratory tests.
A new method for creating freestanding hydrogel lumens that can accurately replicate blood vessels and facilitate vasodilation research. This approach allows researchers to study vasodilation in a more efficient and effective manner, overcoming limitations of existing methods.
Researchers developed a new 3D imaging model to analyze cellular geometry and mechanics, helping biologists quickly see how plants respond to environmental changes. The model identified unexpected guard cell behavior, shedding light on plant adaptation to drought.
Researchers developed a new computer model, quantitative fate mapping, to trace the origin of cells in fully grown organisms. The model helps spot which cells acquire alterations during development that change an organism's fate from healthy to disease states.
Computational models of bacterial cell walls can predict interactions with antimicrobials, enabling rapid screening for effective molecules. The models reveal differences in cell wall permeability between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Researchers found that glutaminase inhibitor BPTES selectively eliminates senescent dermal fibroblasts, improving skin aging phenotype by increasing collagen density and cell proliferation. The study suggests BPTES as a potential therapeutic agent for skin aging, offering new treatment options.
Johns Hopkins researchers have developed a three-dimensional organoid model derived from human tissue to study gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. The dual knockout of genes in the model has identified key biological targets for treating GEJ cancers with existing drugs.
A new study suggests that human retinal endothelial cells have a protective system against hyperglycemia, which delays the onset of diabetic retinopathy. Prolonged exposure to high glucose actually promotes cell recovery and resistance to damage.
A team of engineers at UC Santa Cruz has developed an automated system for growing cerebral organoids, miniature models of brain tissue grown from stem cells. The new method, called Autoculture, precisely delivers nutrients to individual organoids, optimizing growth and reducing cellular stress.
Researchers discovered that krill oil protects dopaminergic neurons from age-related degeneration through temporal transcriptome rewiring and suppression of several hallmarks of aging. Krill oil increases neuronal resilience, promoting anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation, and abrogating multiple aging hallmarks.
A Rutgers-led study found that a gene mutation associated with autism causes an overstimulation of brain cells, disrupting the normal information flow. The researchers used human stem cells and transplanting them into mouse brains to understand how the mutation affects brain development.
A team of researchers from Korea investigated the dynamics of the p-Laplacian AC equation, finding that solutions maintain three criteria: phase separation, boundedness, and energy decay properties. They also identified an advantage of p-AC equation over classical Laplacian in adjusting interface sharpness.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt found that dying colon cancer cells release ATP to neighboring tumor cells, activating a survival signaling pathway. Interrupting this communication can significantly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy against resistant tumors.
Researchers found that MK256 induced differentiation and maturation in leukemia stem cells, inhibiting proliferation of AML cell lines. The study also showed dose-dependent inhibition of the STAT pathway in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
Researchers have developed a continuum theory of micro-hairs, allowing for the study of collective movements and fluid flows. The theory reveals that even random movement is unstable and leads to synchronisation, while perfect unison is also unstable, resulting in specific patterns of movement.
Researchers at Binghamton University discover that sodium/proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) and SWELL1 proteins regulate cancer cell migration, offering insights into metastasis. The study's findings could have wide implications for slowing down or halting the deadly disease.
Researchers found that overexpressing matriptase reduced myeloma cell proliferation and inhibited migration. Matriptase also blocked Src kinase activation, supporting its potential as a tumor suppressor in multiple myeloma. The study provides new insights into the role of matriptase in hematological malignancies.
Researchers at UCalgary have discovered a potential new treatment for fibrosis, a condition that causes thickening of the gut wall and life-threatening blockage in people with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The study suggests that drugs targeting specific sensors may prevent inflammation-associated gut blockage.
A new preclinical study discovered the underlying cause of gender differences in immunotherapy-associated myocarditis and identified potential treatment strategies. Hormone therapies targeting the endocrine-cardiac-immune pathway may reduce this risk without affecting treatment efficacy.
Researchers developed a 3D organoid model that mimics human heart development, revealing how low levels of cadmium can block cardiomyocyte formation and induce heart abnormalities. The study supports decades of toxicology research on environmental exposures contributing to human diseases.
Researchers developed a model to simulate red blood cell destruction in high shear flows, revealing acceleration as a major factor. They recommend adding flow buffers to VADs to reduce hemolysis, aiming to improve hydraulic performance and patient outcomes.
Scientists discovered the first direct evidence that Stargardt-related ABCA4 gene mutations affect a layer of cells in the eye called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The study suggests a therapeutic strategy for the disease, which currently lacks treatment.
Researchers developed a new method to represent cell communication using graph neural networks, which uncovers the effects of tissue niche composition on gene expression. The node-centric expression models (NCEMs) identify cell-cell dependencies and molecular processes underlying cell communication.
A new study reveals that urolithin A from pomegranates can rejuvenate T cells by recycling and renewing mitochondria, enhancing their ability to fight tumors. The researchers plan to investigate the application of urolithin A in clinical trials for colorectal cancer.
Researchers at John Innes Centre found that amino acid waves, not calcium waves, mediate plant responses to stress. Glutamate released from wounds triggers a wave of calcium responses in plant tissues.
A new stem cell study provides insight into how neurons from individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) respond to stress hormones. The research found that these cells are hypersensitive to the stress hormone hydrocortisone, which could help explain why some people develop PTSD after trauma exposure.
Plant cells use a complex 'hub and spoke' system to recycle organelles, involving specialized vesicles and molecular mechanisms. The discovery sheds light on the role of autophagy in plant stress tolerance.
Researchers created living brain cells in a dish that can perform goal-directed tasks and adapt to changes, opening doors for new understanding of brain function. The study also raises possibilities for alternative animal testing and biomimetic research.
A new study proposes a powerful computer-modeling approach to cell simulations, reaching unprecedented simulation timescales at all-atom resolution. The technique combines advantages of protein docking and molecular simulations, enabling faster and more precise treatment of human disease.
The study found that a combination of NOX1, loss of function, and TNF leads to an abnormal increase in microfold cells, driving increased recruitment of immune cells. Reversing the defect with reactive oxygen species restored healthy gut balance. Further studies on reactive oxygen species-stem cell modulation therapy are proposed.
Researchers identified a specific gut bacterium responsible for antibiotic-induced GVHD after stem cell transplants. A sugar supplement was found to improve gut health by distracting the bacteria from attacking mucin in the intestinal lining, reducing complications such as GVHD.
Researchers observe atomic-level structural changes in bacterial ribosomes and their response to antibiotics, shedding light on mechanisms of action and potential off-target effects. The study provides new insights into the complex interactions between ribosomes and other cellular complexes.
Researchers developed a novel 3D microfluidic device to study complicated processes within the placenta, including placental malaria. The model demonstrates that CSA-binding infected erythrocytes add resistance to the simulated placental barrier for glucose perfusion and decrease glucose transfer across this barrier.