The new Center for Equity in Engineering aims to change the culture in the Cockrell School of Engineering by making diversity, equity and inclusion work a collective charge. The center will share best practices with others via presentations, workshops and publications to apply elsewhere in the university and beyond.
A regime shift in the Southeast Greenland marine ecosystem has led to a permanent change from an ice-infested to a more temperate system, with large numbers of fin and humpback whales migrating to the area. This tipping point may be irreversible, having cascading effects throughout the ecosystem.
Comprehensive metabolic changes convert mature liver cells into immature progenitor cells that proliferate rapidly and develop tumors. The main causes of liver cancer are metabolic disorders and infections with hepatitis C virus and high alcohol consumption.
Australian citizens are concerned about the government's and businesses' response to cyber threats, with many wanting a more active role in building digital resilience. The study found low trust in institutions and skepticism towards social media companies and tech giants.
Researchers at Penn Engineering have created a chip that outstrips existing quantum communications hardware, communicating in qudits and doubling the quantum information space. The technology enables significant advances in quantum cryptography, raising the maximum secure key rate for information exchange.
A new study estimates the cost of a green transition in greenhouse gases, finding that building renewable infrastructure generates significant carbon emissions. However, speeding up the transition could dramatically decrease these emissions and limit warming to 2 degrees or even 1.5 degrees.
Researchers found that a device called SharkGuard emits small electrical pulses to scare off sharks, reducing bycatch by up to 91% for blue sharks and 71% for stingrays. Further testing is needed to explore the effects on target species like bluefin tuna.
Researchers create a new type of organic material that learns from its past behavior and emulates synaptic behaviour, enabling 'brain-like computing' networks. This breakthrough opens up opportunities in sustainable and green chemistry, energy, environment, and health.
Researchers from the Max Born Institute report on a new light source generating ultrashort infrared pulses beyond 10 µm wavelength, exhibiting high potential for vibrational spectroscopy and optical materials processing. The system demonstrates excellent beam quality and stability, with output power and repetition rate scalable.
A recent study found that superbugs in the environment rarely transmit to humans, contrary to previous fears. The researchers discovered high levels of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in livestock, pets, and environmental samples, but surprisingly little overlap between hospital and environmental strains.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have developed a simple radical-based reaction to create unsymmetric variants of molecular compounds used in transition metal catalysts. This method opens up new avenues for designing catalysts and utilizes abundant ethylene feedstock.
A Rutgers-led study found that a gene mutation associated with autism causes an overstimulation of brain cells, disrupting the normal information flow. The researchers used human stem cells and transplanting them into mouse brains to understand how the mutation affects brain development.
Scientists have demonstrated mechanical bound states in the continuum (BICs) in an individual optomechanical microresonator, reducing energy dissipation and enhancing performance. BICs exist for a wide range of supporting structure geometries, enabling versatile applications in micro/nanoelectromechanical systems.
Researchers found a previously unknown transport route for carbon-rich particles from the Barents and Kara Seas to the deep sea, absorbing up to 3.6 million metric tons of CO2 annually. This mechanism is essential for creating global carbon dioxide budgets and understanding the ocean's role in the carbon cycle.
Researchers from the SWOG Cancer Research Network presented several abstracts at the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. Two trials found that adding one year of everolimus to adjuvant endocrine therapy did not improve IDFS or OS for HR+, HER2- breast cancer patients, but premenopausal patients showed statistically significant lo...
A new study by researchers from the University of Oldenburg found that particles from central South America were the primary source of iron in the South Pacific during the last two glacial periods. The team's theory suggests that jet stream circulation picked up fine mineral particles on the east side of the Andes and transported them ...
A recent study found that winning the FIFA World Cup increases a country's GDP growth primarily through export growth. This effect is attributed to an increase in demand for national products and services globally after the tournament. The study used OECD data from 1961 to examine the impact of winning the World Cup on GDP growth.
Researchers have developed a unique resource for understanding the impact of early life environmental exposures on health. The study, which analyzed data from 1,301 mother-child pairs, identified associations between 92 in pregnancy and 116 in childhood with molecular profiles at different levels.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has awarded over $12 million to three institutions for the development of antiviral therapies against pandemic viruses. The funding will support the optimization, development, and clinical testing of promising antiviral candidates.
The American College of Physicians recommends policies to improve healthcare access and quality for incarcerated patients, including adequate funding and timely access to necessary services. The organization also supports treating substance use disorders as an alternative to incarceration.
A large-scale study found anabolic-androgenic steroid use is relatively common among Canadian adolescents and young adults, associated with dependence and serious side effects. Nearly 1 in 4 steroid users experienced moderate or severe dependence and adverse health issues.
Researchers from the University of Johannesburg deployed Few Shot Learning (FSL) for NIALM, a non-intrusive appliance load monitoring system. FSL requires only 7 test images to recognize appliances with 97.83% accuracy, making it faster and more cost-effective than traditional Machine Learning.
A research team at Pohang University of Science & Technology has developed a tailored neutralizer that can adapt to all kinds of mutations in the virus. The hybrid agent mimics the principle of hotspot interaction between the virus and the hACE2 receptor, inhibiting its penetration into cells.
Researchers have identified over 300 genome regions that contribute to an individual's chemical fingerprint, influencing susceptibility to diseases and response to drugs. The study's findings can help tailor treatment decisions and improve disease outcomes.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that neighborhoods with more stores selling alcohol have higher rates of child abuse and neglect. The study suggests that reducing alcohol availability is crucial in preventing child maltreatment, as it perpetuates a cycle of substance use among young adults.
A team of researchers discovered that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in driving granulopoiesis, a process formation of granulocytes, in mice models. The study found that alterations in the gut microbiome composition induced by neutropenia stimulate reactive granulopoiesis via interleukin 17A secreted by T cells, promoting neu...
Researchers found that metabolic disease affects blood vessels in different organs, leading to vascular dysfunction and increased risk of diseases. A healthy diet can partially reverse this damage, but some blood vessels may retain the disease signature, making it difficult to fully reverse.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara discovered that the ecology of small mammals upon which ticks feed can explain rates of human Lyme disease in California. The study found a clear link between infected ticks and their frequent hosts, such as dusky-footed woodrats, with diverse species playing a role in transmission.
Researchers have developed a new approach to phase retrieval in coherent X-ray imaging, using a complexity parameter to guide the algorithm. This methodology reduces artifacts and improves solution quality, resulting in higher-resolution images of micro- and nano-sized objects.
A recent study of 5,034 youth ages 5 to 19 who died by suicide from 2015 to 2016 found a significant association between county-level mental health professional shortages and increased suicide rates. The findings suggest that addressing workforce shortages may be crucial for preventing youth suicides.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have discovered tiny magnetic vortices called skyrmions that could store data in computers, promising 100-1000 times better energy efficiency than current memory. The team used AI and a high-power electron microscope to visualize and study the behavior of these micro-scale magnetic structures.
Researchers found a 3% per year increase in cervical cancer incidence in women in their early 30s, starting from 2012, and an increase in both localized and regional disease. The study suggests that improved screening rates are needed to address the rising incidence.
Research published in General Psychiatry finds a significant causal relationship between diastolic blood pressure and neuroticism, while systolic blood pressure has no association. Controlling high diastolic blood pressure may help reduce neurotic behaviors, anxiety, and cardiovascular diseases.
A global analysis of matches and mismatches between human genetic and linguistic histories found that populations often shift to neighboring languages despite genetic differences. This suggests that giving up one's language isn't difficult, but preserving original linguistic identity is rare despite genetic assimilation.
An international team of scientists observed the narrowing of a quasar jet for the first time using a network of radio telescopes. The results suggest that the jet's narrowing is independent of the host galaxy's activity level, providing an important clue to understanding jet formation.
Scientists at KAUST have identified dynamic regions, called cryptic binding sites, that can be targeted by drugs to treat cancer. The study reveals how molecular motion influences ligand binding to BTB domains, a critical part of many proteins involved in disease.
Scientists have created a novel, noble-metal-free catalyst for producing hydrogen from water, which could lower costs and increase sustainability. The high-entropy alloy's remarkable performance and corrosion resistance were demonstrated in practical experiments.
A study found that lower levels of HDL cholesterol increased the risk of heart attacks in white but not Black adults. Higher levels of HDL cholesterol did not provide protective benefits for either group. The research tested long-held assumptions about the role of HDL in cardiovascular health.
Mark Jones has been appointed as the new group leader of Jefferson Lab's Experimental Halls A and C. He aims to advance nuclear physics research by supporting vetted experiments and exploring new ideas. Jones brings deep experience in nuclear physics, equipment, and analysis, having worked at the lab since 1992.
Deep learning empowers cell image analysis by automating tasks such as segmentation and tracking, improving research efficiency. However, there are challenges in data quantity, quality, and confidence that remain to be addressed.
Kevin McHugh, a Rice bioengineer, has received the Distinguished Scientist Award from The Sontag Foundation for his work on gene editing to defeat glioblastoma multiforme. His approach involves delivering gene therapy agents directly to tumor cells, aiming to improve survival and reduce side effects.
A study at the University of Gothenburg discovered a unique quick-closing valve in the aquaporins of climbing perch fish, allowing them to rapidly regulate water in their cells. This finding could lead to the development of new drugs for cancer and Alzheimer's disease by understanding how brain cell aquaporins function.
A new study from the UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy & Health found that certain weight-related words lead to emotional distress in adolescents. Preferred terms included 'healthy weight' and 'normal weight', while words like 'obese,' 'fat,' and 'extremely obese' elicited negative emotions.
A team of researchers from Penn State found that the microbiomes of warblers are influenced more by evolution than diet, contrary to a recently proposed hypothesis. The study's results suggest that evolutionary history plays a larger role in determining the diversity of bacteria within birds' gut microbiomes.
Doctors in the UK are urging the government to raise the legal drinking age for kids from 5 to lower their risk of future alcohol-related problems. Preliminary research suggests that introducing children to alcohol may sensitize their brain's addiction centers, and delaying first exposure may reduce problem drinking later on.
A comprehensive database, CoviRx, has been developed to repurpose drugs against mutated SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The platform allows scientists to narrow their search from 7,817 potential candidates to a 'top 200', with 12 tested and showing promise for further investigation.
Researchers at the University of Houston have developed a protocol to reprogram human heart cells into specialized cells that conduct electricity, enabling rhythmic heartbeat and repair diseased hearts. The discovery could lead to improved cardiac function and new pharmacological therapies for heart diseases.
A team of researchers from Korea investigated the dynamics of the p-Laplacian AC equation, finding that solutions maintain three criteria: phase separation, boundedness, and energy decay properties. They also identified an advantage of p-AC equation over classical Laplacian in adjusting interface sharpness.
Researchers found that specific immune-related proteins, such as CCL21, FLT3L, and IL-13, can differentiate between neurodegenerative diseases like CTE, AD, PSP, CBD, and AGD. The study's results highlight the importance of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases and provide novel potential biomarkers for diagnosis.
The National Trends in Disability Employment (nTIDE) October 2022 COVID Update reports little change in unemployment rates for people with and without disabilities. The overall jobs picture remains steady, but slight increases in furloughs are seen, particularly in the tech sector.
Charged porphyrins enable researchers to study π-electronic ion pairs and their interactions, leading to the creation of electronic materials with unique properties. The study reveals fascinating new properties of stacked ion pairs and their potential applications in fields like nanomagnetism and ferroelectrics.
A new technique allows printing electronic circuits onto curved and corrugated surfaces without binding agents, paving the way for soft electronic technologies. Prototype smart contact lenses, pressure-sensitive gloves, and transparent electrodes have been created using this method.
A team at the University of Tokyo has discovered that analyzing the ratio of argon-40 to helium-3 in magma gases can indicate the risk of different types of eruption. By monitoring these gas ratios, scientists hope to develop a portable equipment for real-time, on-site measurements, enabling early warning systems and potentially saving...
Researchers create most extensive inventory to date of SGRB host galaxies, finding 85% come from young, actively star-forming galaxies. The study also reveals more SGRBs occurred earlier in the universe's history and were spotted far outside their host galaxies.
The SpaceX Dragon spacecraft will launch onboard a Falcon 9 rocket with critical research and supplies for the International Space Station. ISS National Laboratory-sponsored projects aim to bring value through space-based research and technology development.
Researchers have identified genetic variants associated with natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2, including a gene linked to mucin production. These findings may help develop vaccines and treatments for viral diseases by understanding the mechanisms underlying immune responses.
A new Baycrest study found that using adaptive language-learning software is extremely beneficial in helping stroke survivors regain their language skills. The researchers used an online program to practice identifying images, and participants showed significant improvement after just two weeks.
Developing low-molecule non-fullerene semiconductors, researchers aim to combine the best from both worlds. Oligomer acceptors have been shown to increase performance and ensure a long operating life.
A new UCI-led study shows that repeated stress accelerates aging of the eye, leading to retinal ganglion cell death and visual defects. The research highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prevention in managing age-related diseases like glaucoma.
Researchers found reduced levels of D-amino acids in patients with severe COVID-19 and IAV infection, suggesting they could be used as biomarkers. Supplementation with D-alanine improved survival rates and clinical outcomes in mouse models of both infections.
A University of Maryland study found that domestic cats in Washington D.C. have a high probability of overlapping with native wildlife, including raccoons and opossums, increasing the risk of disease transmission and harming native populations. Keeping cats indoors can significantly reduce these risks.
Researchers develop CRISPR-Cas systems associated with transposons to rewrite large chunks of DNA in organisms like E. coli. This expands the CRISPR toolbox for flexible genome editing and has significant implications for therapeutics, biotechnology, and agriculture.
The study found that COVID-19 vaccination in New York City reduced severe outcomes and avoided substantial economic losses. Every dollar invested yielded estimated savings of $10.19 in health costs.
Researchers used MRI to analyze brain changes in patients up to six months after COVID-19 recovery. Significant abnormalities were found in the frontal lobe and brain stem, including differences in white matter and regions linked to fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, depression, headaches, and cognitive problems.
Scientists at Michigan State University have discovered a way to use satellite views to understand and predict the formation of dead zones in coastal areas. The study found that satellites can provide near-real-time information on where, when, and how long hypoxic zones persist, enabling better management of these critical problems.
Researchers from MPI-CBG and IMP define metrics for organ development, providing a framework to transform the field of organoids into an engineering discipline. They discover that tissue connectivity emerges from two processes: fusion of separate epithelia or self-fusion of a single epithelium.
A new study found that taking NSAIDs for osteoarthritis pain and inflammation may worsen joint inflammation and cartilage quality over time. Researchers used MRI-based structural biomarkers to analyze the association between NSAID use and synovitis in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
A team of researchers created a simple and inexpensive triboelectric nanogenerator using store-bought double-sided tape, plastic film, and aluminum metal. The device was able to produce higher power densities than previous versions, making it suitable for powering everyday devices such as LEDs and laser diodes.
Ectopic pregnancies are non-viable and the leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester, affecting 2% of all pregnancies worldwide. Researchers have developed a new method using light-sensitive nanoparticles to detect growing placentas and end ectopic pregnancies more effectively.
Researchers found various adaptations in the structure and composition of cuticle that enable it to become an excellent optical element. The team discovered changes in local composition, architecture, and elemental composition that contribute to its optical properties.
A team from the University of Pennsylvania led by Kotaro Sasaki coaxed stem cells to take on the characteristics and functions of a human adrenal gland. The researchers developed an organoid culture system to direct iPSCs to transition into adrenocortical progenitor-like cells, resulting in cells producing steroid hormones.
The UC San Diego Alpha Stem Cell Clinic will receive $8 million in funding to launch new clinical trials and improve accessibility of stem cell therapies. The clinic has already launched 59 clinical trials and treated 277 patients with various diseases.
Scientists at the University of Waterloo have developed a device that generates twisted neutrons with well-defined orbital angular momentum, enabling researchers to study next-generation quantum materials. The discovery provides an additional quantized degree of freedom for characterizing complicated materials.
A pooled data analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials involving 1040 women found that acupuncture significantly relieved pain during pregnancy, improved physical function, and quality of life. The therapy was also found to be safe, with no observable major side effects for newborns.
A new research project at Aarhus University aims to develop intelligent drones that can detect ice on turbine blades, optimizing energy production and expanding market opportunities. The project has the potential to reduce energy losses by up to 80% and enable wind farms to operate in colder climates.
Researchers elucidated the coca-derived tropane pathway, identifying a specific enzyme responsible for the carbomethoxy group, a key contributor to cocaine's euphoric properties. The study also reveals that tropane biosynthesis has independently evolved at least twice in flowering plants.
A study found that Medicare Advantage patients are more likely to be treated by less experienced surgeons and have higher mortality rates after complex cancer surgeries. They also experience longer delays in diagnosis and treatment due to prior authorization requirements.
A study found that mixing genetic makeup of corals increases resistance to disease, allowing some vulnerable corals to thrive. This 'rescue' effect helps reduce disease transmission among corals.
A Michigan Medicine-led study reveals that transgender youth are 5.4 times more likely to experience insomnia and three times more likely to suffer from sleep apnea compared to cisgender youth. Gender-affirming therapies may offer a protective effect against worsening sleep health, according to the researchers.
This study analyzed neural mechanisms of emotional information represented by brain network patterns using a data-driven approach. The results showed that whole-brain FC patterns successfully classified the six basic emotions from neutral expressions and identified important regions contributing to face and emotion processing.
A new study finds that automation has contributed significantly to the growth in income inequality in the US, with 50-70% of the increase attributed to technological changes. The study analyzed data from 49 industries and 500 demographic subgroups, finding that automation has disproportionately affected low-skill service workers.
A study found that CPR mannikins depicted in public social media accounts are predominantly white, lean men, lacking representation of diverse groups. The lack of diversity in these models may influence disparities in training and care for patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
A national study found a significant association between county-level mental health professional shortages and increased youth suicide rates, particularly by firearms. The study suggests expanding the mental health workforce and improving access to care as key prevention strategies.
Climate change is expanding the geographic range of endemic fungal diseases, such as Valley fever, blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis, which can mimic pneumonia. Physicians are often misdiagnosing these conditions due to a lack of training and limited testing options.
A new study reports that SharkGuard, a shark deterrent device, significantly reduces the number of blue sharks and pelagic stingrays caught in tuna fisheries. The technology emits a localized electric field around a baited hook, discouraging sharks from biting without getting hooked on other fish.
A recent study found that MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy, also known as SMART, has shown promising safety and patient outcomes data for treating locally advanced and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. The study, led by Henry Ford Health, reported no incidence of acute grade 3 or higher gastrointestinal toxicity, with preli...
Scientists have discovered that the ferredoxin/thioredoxin pathway is essential for light-dependent activation reactions in chloroplasts, crucial for normal plant growth and efficient photosynthesis. The study used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to create a mutated plant specimen with a defective Fd/Trx pathway.
A large study found that mRNA vaccines increased myocarditis risk in younger males, especially after the second dose. Absolute rates were low, with higher observed rates compared to expected rates.
Researchers found the skeletal remains of a 5-8 year old spider monkey in Teotihuacán, Mexico, which provides the earliest evidence of primate captivity and translocation. The discovery also reveals gift diplomacy between Teotihuacán and Mayan elite, challenging previous beliefs about Maya presence in the region.
Researchers found that featured reviews on Amazon can lead to higher sales and improved customer satisfaction, but the impact decreases when there are too many reviews. Products with three reviews performed better than those with more or fewer reviews.
Researchers developed a nanoparticle-based approach that uses photoacoustic imaging and infrared light to detect and potentially treat ectopic pregnancies. The technology shows promise in mice studies and may offer a non-invasive and effective way to improve diagnosis and treatment of the condition.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of ADC clinical trials found that 91.2% of patients experienced treatment-related adverse events, with serious side effects including neutropenia, hypoesthesia, and thrombocytopenia. The study highlights the need for clinicians to address these toxicities in ADCs' use.
A 50-38 million-year-old rise in eastern Tibet triggered a distinct winter-wet monsoon that transformed southwestern China into a lush forest. This ancient climate shift drove the development of one of Asia's most biodiverse regions.
A daily cup of black tea could help reduce extensive abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and lower cardiovascular risk late in life. Flavonoid intake from other sources like fruits, nuts, and dark chocolate may also offer protection.
Researchers at TU Wien have directly measured the fine structure constant using a thin film that rotates light polarisation, revealing an astonishing quantum jump related to this fundamental constant. This measurement provides new insights into the strength of electromagnetic interactions.
UCF researchers are developing a wearable, wireless health monitor to track physiological response to heat stress in firefighters. The device aims to identify correlations between heat stress and skin thermal activity for the first time, providing insight into the link between heat stress and serious medical issues.