A research team at UNIST has developed a perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell with a special textured anti-reflective coating, increasing its power conversion efficiency to 23.50%. The device maintains its initial efficiency for 120 hours, outperforming existing devices which drop to 50% after 20 hours.
A University of Cincinnati study explores how anti-immigration policies affect Latinx mental health, finding increased depression, anxiety, and behavioral difficulties among affected communities. The research also identifies coping mechanisms that help individuals overcome these challenges.
Opioid abuse declined nationwide during the pandemic, yet remained higher among non-heterosexuals compared to heterosexuals. The analysis suggests a need for tailored approaches to reduce abuse in vulnerable populations.
A retrospective study found that regular statin use was associated with reduced risk of death and improved outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Statin users had a 37% lower risk of dying from COVID-19 than those who didn't use statins.
A team of physicists and chemists has successfully formed a charged rare earth molecule on a metal surface and rotated it using scanning tunneling microscopy. The researchers achieved 100% directional control over the rotation of the complexes, opening new possibilities for research in quantum computing and consumer electronics.
A quality improvement study at Stony Brook Medicine found that adapting an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program allowed patients to receive same-day hip and knee replacement surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The new protocol resulted in shorter hospital stays, no readmissions, and high success rates, leading to permanen...
Dr. Liberman's research on cochlear synaptopathy has significantly impacted our understanding of the underlying causes of hearing loss, with implications for developing new treatments and sensitive tests. His work has also led to the development of therapies for treating hidden hearing loss.
Researchers at John Innes Centre found that amino acid waves, not calcium waves, mediate plant responses to stress. Glutamate released from wounds triggers a wave of calcium responses in plant tissues.
Researchers designed a soft, jellyfish-like gripper that uses entangled tentacles to grasp and hold heavy, oddly shaped objects. The gripper's strength comes from its ability to entangle itself with the object, increasing the hold with each contact.
A recent mouse study published in Diabetes found that maternal and paternal exercise significantly improved metabolic health in offspring. The study used metabolomics profiling to examine the effects of parental exercise on tissue metabolites, revealing extensive changes in glucose and fatty acid metabolism.
Researchers from the University of Connecticut found that both delta-8 and delta-9 THC produce similar effects in mice, including lethargy and catalepsy. The study suggests that delta-8 THC interacts with the same receptors as delta-9 THC and can lead to desensitization and withdrawal-like symptoms.
Researchers uncovered favorable environments for hominins in Central Asia's steppe and semi-arid zones during the Pleistocene era. The study suggests that these regions were crucial for early human dispersals out of Africa and through Asia.
A new study found that the expiration of monthly Child Tax Credit payments led to a 25% increase in food insufficiency among US households with children. The loss of cash relief benefits disproportionately impacted Black, Latino, Indigenous, and immigrant families, exacerbating racial and economic inequities.
Researchers from Pomona College developed an online undergraduate physics lab course using Hexbug Nanos to engage students in scientific research. Students designed experiments to investigate concepts in statistical mechanics and electrical conduction, with promising results.
Researchers discuss micro-supercapacitors' applications in micro-wearable electronics, including integrated circuits. The study highlights the advantages of micro-supercapacitors, such as ultrahigh power density and small footprint, making them suitable for portable devices.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have identified TBX20 as a vital regulator of direct human cardiac reprogramming. Adding TBX20 to existing cocktails improves contractility and mitochondrial function in reprogrammed heart muscle cells, suggesting a therapeutic potential for TBX20.
A study found that Romanian media coverage of brown bears increased significantly after 2016, mainly reporting on conflicts, hunting, and poaching. The attitude towards bears was predominantly negative, with little consideration for their ecological significance.
Researchers developed a wearable soft robot called Reliebo that reduces pain and fear in patients undergoing injections. The robot's effectiveness was proven in a study where participants who wore the robot experienced less pain and reduced stress levels than those without it.
A study by Rutgers pharmacy students and Eating for Your Health found that teaching patients to observe and document their food choices leads to positive behavioral change. Participants who used the How You Feel is Data method experienced improved mindful eating habits and lifestyle changes after a 10-day healthy eating challenge.
A new study found that women with a first-degree family relative diagnosed with breast cancer may benefit from screening 5-8 years earlier than their relative's diagnosis age. This is equivalent to the recommended age for average-risk women of 50. The study analyzed data from over 300,000 women and found that increasing the age for ini...
Scientists at Osaka University have created a new material that could replace traditional plastics with a sustainable, biodegradable alternative. The cellulose nanofibers were engineered to exhibit direction-dependent properties, allowing for facile molding into complex structures such as microneedles and bio/nanotechnology architectures.
Researchers have identified two distinct molecular subgroups of cervical cancer, C1 and C2, which differ in their clinical aggressiveness and response to treatment. The study suggests that determining the subgroup of a patient's cervical cancer could provide additional prognostic information for planning treatment.
The platform enhances neurosurgical procedures by delivering precise treatment and diagnosis in deep brain tissue. Researchers successfully implanted the catheter in live sheep without damage or infection, paving the way for potential human trials within four years.
The University at Buffalo's School of Public Health and Health Professions has been awarded a $1.3 million grant to provide scholarship opportunities to graduate students from disadvantaged or underrepresented groups. The program aims to train future public health practitioners to address health disparities and prevent pandemics.
Experts recognize obesity as a prime inducer of CKD and related adverse outcomes, emphasizing the need for bridging common ground between nephrology and obesity medicine. Strategies include recognizing obesity as a chronic disease with targeted treatments and trained clinical extenders to promote effective care.
Researchers propose a broader definition of learning that includes behavioral adaptation to environmental features, enabling collaboration across fields and promoting new research. This 'mechanism-free' approach highlights the importance of system-level responses to environment in various domains.
A new method combines Centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) to optimize microsatellite swarm trajectories, ensuring collision avoidance while minimizing fuel consumption. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of this macro-micro trajectory planning approach.
A review article by Osaka Metropolitan University researcher Professor Noritoshi Kawate explores the use of INSL3 as a hormone indicating gonadal functions in domestic animals. The study reveals that INSL3 secretions in bulls and male goats are stimulated by luteinizing hormone, making it a reliable fertility indicator.
A new study found that sexual side effects of cancer treatment are discussed less frequently with female patients, who are asked about their sexual health 1 in 10 times, compared to 9 in 10 men. The disparity is also observed in clinical trials nationwide.
A retrospective cross-sectional study found that VA-financed hospice services were associated with higher rates of concurrent dialysis among veterans with end-stage kidney disease. Patients who received VA-financed hospice services lived approximately 43 days after stopping dialysis, compared to just four days for those who stopped dia...
Researchers have developed a deep learning algorithm that can accurately assess the stage of head and neck cancer using standard CT scans, outperforming expert radiologists. The algorithm demonstrated superior accuracy in measuring the extent of cancer spread, especially for patients with high-risk disease.
Marine protected areas significantly increase carbon sequestration in seagrass and mangrove ecosystems. Biodiversity and species richness also rise in preserved waters, contributing to food security and human well-being. Full protection is necessary for maximum benefits.
New research reveals how non-coding DNA accommodates a basic plan for butterfly wing patterns while allowing evolution of diverse patterns. Regulatory elements work like switches to turn up or down patterns, supporting an ancient color pattern ground plan.
Researchers at Seoul National University have created synthetic DNA condensates with programmable compositions and functionalities. The condensates enable drastic speedup of DNA computation, including logic gate operations, by over tenfold.
Rural and critical access hospitals are inadequately addressing social determinants of health due to limited resources, workforce constraints, and lack of incentives. Hospitals are not utilizing community partnerships effectively, which may be attributed to institutional partnerships and lack of incentives.
Researchers from Yokohama National University successfully generated hair follicles in cultures using organoid cultures. The study demonstrates the potential of hair follicle organoids for understanding hair follicle development and regeneration, as well as evaluating drugs for treating hair loss disorders.
Researchers have discovered that reef halos, visible from satellite imagery, can provide insights into coral reef health globally. These bands of bare seafloor surrounding coral patch reefs are more common and dynamic than expected, with the potential to serve as a window into reef health.
The University of Missouri is revamping its training courses for childcare providers with a $7.5 million grant from the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. The new online video-based courses aim to be more accessible and engaging, covering topics such as safe sleep, transportation, and emergency preparedness.
Researchers found four species – tigers, elephants, wild boars, and clouded leopards – showing increased populations in areas with human infrastructure. However, deforestation still impacted some species, particularly clouded leopards.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination effectiveness differs significantly depending on the age at which it is administered. The researchers analyzed self-reported data from female participants and discovered that HPV vaccination is most effective when administered earlier in life.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have identified possible solutions to limitations of qubits for quantum computing. They successfully controlled temperature and movement of trapped electrons in a vacuum using hybrid quantum systems, paving the way for potential applications in quantum technology.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) show significant benefits in improving carbon sequestration and biodiversity. MPAs also enhance coastal protection, reproductive capacity of marine organisms, and fisher catches.
Researchers identified a compound that reverses damage to brain cells caused by Parkinson's disease and breaks a self-sustaining molecular loop between LRRK2 and AICD. The potential drug itanapraced has passed safety tests and could improve quality of life for those afflicted with PD and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Seoul National University have developed a biodegradable and eco-friendly sensor that can detect food temperature and freshness. The sensor, made from laser-induced graphene on commercial paper, enables real-time monitoring of food spoilage and can be used in various industrial fields.
The new guidelines, issued by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO), recommend metabolic and bariatric surgery for individuals with a BMI of 35 or more, regardless of obesity-related conditions. The guidelines also endo...
A new study suggests that niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug, shows promise in combating exaggerated inflammation associated with severe COVID-19. The drug's anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to its inhibition of the inflammasome mechanism, a protein complex present in defense cells.
Researchers have developed a new benzobisthiazole-based covalent organic framework (COF-BBT) that exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates. The material's structural crystallinity and water wettablity contribute to its high performance, enabling stable hydrogen production.
A clinical trial of over 1,500 outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 found that treatment with ivermectin did not significantly improve time to sustained recovery compared to placebo. Secondary outcomes showed no reduction in hospitalization, death, or acute care visits.
A study by UBC Okanagan researchers suggests that tire particles can contaminate freshwater sources, including lakes like Okanagan and Kalamalka. The researchers estimated that over 50 tonnes of tire and road wear particles are released into waterways annually.
Researchers discovered a molecular link between disrupted circadian rhythms and lung tumor growth, implicating a cancer-signature gene known as HSF1. Disrupted clocks may trigger lung tumors in individuals with irregular sleep patterns or night shifts.
A new study found that many European chimpanzees have inadequate vitamin D levels, which could contribute to heart disease and other disorders. The research, published in Scientific Reports, reveals the importance of vitamin D for these animals' health and informs improvements in care and nutrition practices.
A new protein called TANGO2 helps mobilize heme from sites of synthesis and storage for use in cells. Understanding its role may lead to therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with heme dysregulation.
A recent literature review found that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 can effectively prevent adverse conditions such as stillbirth and infant death. Pregnant women with COVID-19 have an increased risk for stillbirth compared to uninfected women, and those who vaccinate can more effectively prevent these events.
Researchers found that mantle melting-point depression due to fusible components could generate young lunar volcanism. The Chang'E-5 samples, returned in 2020, revealed surprisingly young volcanic activity only 2 billion years old, contradicting the long-held assumption that the Moon has been geologically dead since then.
Researchers embedded PEGylated ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles into liposomes to trigger ferroptosis. Lp-IO improved ROS and LPO levels, inducing tumor cell ferroptosis with minimal side effects.
A new analysis by UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found that men with prostate cancer benefit from adding androgen deprivation therapy to radiation treatment. The study showed improved metastasis-free survival for patients receiving short-term ADT before or after radiation, especially in those receiving prostate-only RT.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked decrease in routine childhood immunization rates in India, with significant implications for the country's immunization program and COVID-19 recovery policies. The study highlights the urgent need for catch-up vaccination campaigns and investments in health systems.
Astronomers found that a planet like GJ 1252b, orbiting an M dwarf star, would likely lose its atmosphere due to intense heat and radiation. The discovery narrows the search for habitable planets around these stars, but leaves room for possibilities further away from the star.
A new study reveals the Atacama desert's 'blooming desert' phenomenon is characterized by a high level of variability in flower colors and patterns, which are invisible to human eyes. However, pollinators such as bees and wasps perceive this diversity due to their unique color sensitivity.
Researchers developed a machine learning model to analyze how susceptible overhead transmission lines are to damage from back-to-back natural hazards. The study found that previous damage can have a significant impact on the fragility and reliability of power grids, especially when followed by a hurricane.