A new project aims to examine the circulation of newspaper reports on anti-Black violence between 1863 and 1921. The team will use computational methods to trace how stories spread across the country and map their impact, with potential applications for studying other forms of racial violence.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in international migration in high-income countries, with varying degrees of impact across nations. The study found that travel restrictions, mobility restrictions, and stay-at-home requirements were associated with immigration declines, while work and school closures had no effect.
A new blood test for osteoarthritis progression has been developed at Duke University Medical Center, providing an important tool for researchers to advance the discovery of new therapies. The test uses a biomarker and accurately predicts 73% of progressors from non-progressors among patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Research from Texas A&M University reveals that male alcohol use has a significant negative influence on in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates. The study highlights the importance of expanding fertility and prepregnancy messaging to emphasize the reproductive dangers of alcohol use by both parents.
Researchers emphasize the importance of freshwater corridors in the Amazon for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. The study highlights critical areas that need protection to safeguard healthy rivers and mitigate climate change impacts.
A peer-reviewed study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that updated bivalent mRNA vaccines are more effective than original monovalent boosters at preventing COVID-19 hospitalization and death. Booster effectiveness peaked at four weeks after receipt and waned afterward, with average effectiveness against severe i...
A higher rate of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was observed among siblings of children who died of SIDS compared to the general population. Shared genetic and/or environmental factors may contribute to this clustering of SIDS, warranting consideration of family history in clinical assessments.
A new study found significant reductions in death rates from all causes and specific conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer after bariatric surgery. Younger patients who underwent bariatric surgery were at increased risk of death from suicide, while mortality rates for males and females decreased significantly.
Researchers found that inexpensive techniques, such as nudges, can increase adoption of app features and complete onboarding. The study's findings have implications for consumer privacy, customer relationship management, and regulation.
Researchers found that allocating emissions based on ticket prices rather than travel class provides a more accurate representation of individual contributions. This approach encourages people from all budgets to seek alternative modes of transport and increases estimates of corporate emissions.
The pandemic exacerbated workforce shortages, low wages, and increased consumer responsibility in self-directed care. Policies like the Appendix K guidelines showed potential to alleviate unmet care needs, but further flexibility is needed to support consumers and workers.
A recent survey study of PhD students reveals that around a third of students have granted co-authorships to more powerful researchers despite little or no contribution. The practice is most prevalent in the medical sciences, with 49% of Ph.D. students reporting guest authorships.
The Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior (SNEB) has updated its nutrition educator competencies to ensure professionals can facilitate lasting change in health. The new competencies cover content and processes for delivering effective nutrition education, including the role of physical activity and technology.
Researchers developed an artificial skin with superior sensing capabilities, detecting pressure and approach signals for various applications. The innovation has potential in human-machine interfaces, artificial intelligence, prosthesis, and augmented reality.
A Polish study reveals that birch trees grown in highly polluted areas produce pollen with higher levels of the main allergen. The research found significant changes in the physicochemical properties and allergen content of birch tree pollen.
A study has provided systematic insight into the organization of proteins in mitochondria, a crucial cell compartment responsible for energy production. The researchers created a high-resolution image of the organization of mitochondrial proteins using complexome profiling, revealing protein complexes that enable cellular processes.
A new study suggests that the format in which graphs are presented may be biasing people into being too optimistic or pessimistic about the trends the graphs display. Researchers found that participants made lower judgements when presented with bar charts instead of line graphs, even when the data was left unshaded.
A team of researchers from FSU and Cleveland State University have developed a mathematical model that explains how bacteria communicate within larger ecosystems. The model can predict environmental responses from bacterial communities and is flexible for different applications.
A philosopher at the University of Cambridge argues that interfering with others' transformative choices, such as changing careers or having children, can be morally wrong. The study suggests that there is a moral duty to allow others to make these decisions and that interference should be done with caution.
A new COVID-19 vaccine has been tested in humans, showing a good immune response and few side effects. The effectiveness of the vaccine is currently being investigated, but initial results suggest it could provide long-lasting immunity.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital investigators found early signs of eye damage before type 2 diabetes onset, suggesting pre-diabetic complications. They discovered immune cells migrating to the lens, causing cellular changes that compromise lens function.
Researchers developed liCHi-C, a new method to analyze the interactome of cancer cells directly from patient samples. This reduces the sample size needed, allowing for higher resolution maps and identification of altered networks in leukemia.
A joint team of researchers uncovered serious management and compliance issues on lion farms in the Free State, including potentially fraudulent activities with microchip reuse and incomplete record keeping. The study highlights concerns that lion farm owners may be laundering wild-caught lions through microchip reuse.
Researchers found that non-lung transplant recipients from positive donors have excellent 30-day graft and patient survival rates, similar to those using donors negative for SARS-CoV-2. The study also showed zero transmissions of COVID-19 to lung transplant recipients after implementing lower respiratory track testing.
Researchers propose a new interpretation of dark energy, linking zero-point fluctuations to polarisability of the vacuum. This leads to an energy density that can be calculated and matches measured values for the cosmological constant.
A study published in JAMA Cardiology found that rurality is associated with a higher risk of heart failure among predominantly low-income individuals in the southeastern United States. The inequity highlights the need for targeted primary prevention efforts for rural populations.
Researchers found that the F-box gene FBXC-58 is a novel mediator of dietary restriction effects on extending the health span of Caenorhabditis elegans. FBXC-58 prevents muscle aging and extends longevity through an S6 kinase-dependent pathway.
Researchers seek to reduce medical errors among patients with limited English proficiency by implementing three different translation approaches. The goal is to compare the effectiveness of telephone interpreter-based and in-person interpreter-assisted communication in reducing errors.
A recent study, led by Purdue University researchers, identified key decisions and resource limitations during the Marshall Fire in Colorado. The findings highlight ways to minimize drinking water safety risks and expedite recovery for wildfire-vulnerable communities.
A recent study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology found that pre-eclampsia is associated with a four-fold higher risk of heart attack and stroke within a decade after delivery. Women who had pre-eclampsia, especially those aged 30-39 or over 50, were at significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Angelo J. Mariotti, the new Dean of LSU Health New Orleans School of Dentistry, has a track record of success in transforming dental education, increasing fundraising, and improving facilities. He aims to enhance faculty development and expand clinics to serve Louisiana's citizens for better oral health.
Fossils of two near-primate species, Ignacius mckennai and I. dawsonae, dating back 52 million years have been discovered on Ellesmere Island in layers linked with the early Eocene epoch. The findings suggest that these Arctic-dwelling primates evolved more robust teeth and jaws to cope with tougher food sources during winter months.
Researchers created a system to monitor underground gas pipelines using high-tech sensors that can detect weaknesses, discrepancies, and diversion in residential natural gas lines. The method uses ultrasonic sensors to transmit signals through the pipe, limiting the likelihood of gas diversions and ensuring public safety.
A new electrochemical sensor has been developed to detect dopamine levels in biological fluids, potentially leading to earlier disease detection for conditions like Parkinson's disease and depression. The method uses carbon quantum dots and ionic liquids, offering a quick and sensitive test.
Researchers analyzed nearly 400,000 Twitter posts to find that five popular conspiracy theories overlapped in narratives highlighting malicious purposes and secretive actions. The most common conspiracies included those related to Bill Gates, 5G Networks, vaccinations, QAnon, and Agenda 21.
Fossilized mammals reveal that early primates adapted to life in the high Arctic during a time of intense global warming, with limited biodiversity. Two new species, Ignacius dawsonae and Ignacius mckennai, were identified as close relatives of early primates, exhibiting distinct adaptations for their unusual environment.
Scientists have identified pericytes, a type of cell, that sense local energy needs and signal blood vessels to dilate, increasing blood flow. This process helps direct the brain's energy resources to support everyday functions.
Researchers identified an alternative binding site on amyloid-beta aggregates using time-resolved spectroscopy and computational chemistry. This discovery could lead to the development of new therapies for Alzheimer's disease and other conditions associated with amyloid deposits.
A Geisinger Health System study found that individuals with an additional X or Y chromosome have a four to five times higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism, a life-threatening condition. The analysis included data from over 642,000 patients and suggests that identifying those at high risk could minimize unnecessary illness a...
Early cardiovascular disease has been linked to poorer cognitive performance, accelerated cognitive decline, and poor brain health in middle age. Researchers found that participants with early cardiovascular disease performed worse on cognitive tests and had more white matter hyperintensities and decreased brain tissue integrity.
A new CABI-led study found that targeting women in communication about the biocontrol method improved its uptake among farming households. However, the use of Trichogramma increased women's labor demands and limited their decision-making role on income from tomato production.
Researchers have identified serine as a key contributor to peripheral neuropathy in diabetes, a condition that affects approximately half of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Supplementing diabetic mice with serine alleviated neuropathy symptoms, suggesting a potential treatment option.
Researchers found that ospemifene and systemic hormone therapy improve VVA symptoms by reducing harmful bacteria and increasing health-promoting microorganisms. The study also suggests a potential link between the vaginal microbiome and menopause symptoms.
A research team at Osaka Metropolitan University successfully synthesized fumaric acid from CO2 using sunlight, paving the way for a renewable energy-powered alternative to traditional plastics. The findings could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable production of biodegradable plastics.
Researchers examined factors that led to discriminatory lending decisions in Ohio's 1930s loan applications, finding neighborhoods with Black families were 40 times more likely to be redlined. The study highlights ongoing consequences of racist policies, including poverty and life-expectancy disparities.
A machine learning algorithm developed using artificial intelligence can accurately predict patients' responses to nerve compression headaches and headache surgery. The AI-aided predictions are most accurate for identifying patients with poor outcomes, with an accuracy rate of 94% compared to 79% for human evaluators.
Researchers created an atomic-level computer model of the H1N1 virus, revealing dynamic movement of HA and NA proteins. This discovery provides new insights into the flu vaccine's target sites, suggesting possible strategies for designing future vaccines and antivirals.
A team of leading experts in reproductive biology, microbiome science, and immunology found that the concept of a foetal microbiome is inaccurate. The detection of microbiomes in foetal tissues was attributed to contamination during vaginal delivery, clinical procedures, or laboratory analysis.
A study published in the Journal of Occupational Health found that certain occupations in South Korea are associated with a higher risk of pregnancy loss. Women in health and social work, manufacturing, and education had increased risks of no live births and early abortive outcomes.
Researchers analyzed 46 waste samples and proposed production opportunities for sustainable fuels, biogas, electricity, chemicals, and organic fertilizer. The study aims to reduce food waste and its environmental impact by finding alternative uses for industrial waste products.
Researchers used radiocarbon ages of re-exposed black mosses to determine glacier advance phases in the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The study found three distinct advances, indicating cooler and potentially wetter conditions than today.
A new study analyzing over 14,000 people found that parents with sleep disorders have a significantly higher risk of experiencing stress. The study also discovered that children with sleep disorders can nearly double the risk of their parents developing insomnia and sleep apnea.
A Geisinger study found that genomic screening can help detect medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in patients with RET gene variants. The research evaluated 75 patients who had the genetic results, and 12 were found to have cancer after undergoing surgery. Genomic screening provides opportunities for early detection and treatment of MTC.
A new study published in Journal of Diabetes Investigation found a significant link between self-stigma and suboptimal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in adults with type 1 diabetes. The research highlights the importance of eliminating self-stigma in managing the condition.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine found that monoclonal antibody CIS43LS provided high levels of protection against controlled human malaria infection. The study's findings suggest that this treatment could be a potential game changer for deploying monoclonal antibody therapies in African countries.
A new study at Carnegie Mellon University found that the brain accurately identifies objects in dynamic videos and static images by analyzing movement patterns. Participants identified objects with high accuracy even when deprived of shape, color, or other visual cues.
Engineers design miniature robots that can rapidly shift between liquid and solid states, with magnetic properties, to overcome traditional robot limitations. The new material is used to remove foreign objects, deliver drugs, and assemble parts in hard-to-reach spaces, opening up new possibilities for medical and engineering applications.
Researchers will use systems biology approach to identify biomarkers and mechanisms underlying food allergies and atopic dermatitis. The study aims to improve prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management of these conditions.
Scientists have discovered that cancer cells can manipulate their size to resist treatment, with smaller cells potentially more vulnerable to DNA-damaging agents and larger cells responding better to immunotherapy. This study provides new insight into how cell size affects disease and may lead to new treatment strategies.
A new approach fabricates specialized transistors that serve as the building block of a timing device, enabling enhanced integration and advancing microelectronics capabilities. This innovation repurposes data processing transistors into a 'clock' device, addressing supply chain weaknesses and enhancing chip security.
Researchers developed an injectable biomimetic hydrogel composite loaded with stem cells that promotes regenerative healing in animal models of Crohn's perianal fistulas. The treatment reduced fistula size by six-fold compared to surgery, offering a potential new paradigm for treating this condition.
Researchers used simulations to study the movements of influenza virus proteins, finding that they can clump together and form large aggregates. This discovery could lead to improved vaccines and antiviral treatments by targeting these vulnerable states.
Hernandez-Garcia was recognized for his efforts to bring undergraduate students from Mexico to Jefferson Lab for a 10-week summer study program, where they gain hands-on experience with accelerator R&D test stands. The program has led to several students earning Ph.D.s in accelerator physics and pursuing careers in the field.
Engineers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a technique to support the classification performance of neural networks operating on sensor time series by feeding recorded signals into elementary non-linear dynamical systems. This approach increases the classification performance by augmenting the data through additional tim...
Medical College of Wisconsin scientists have identified PD-L2 as a therapy-relevant marker for predicting early recurrence of breast cancer. High levels of PD-L2 protein in cancer cells are associated with an elevated risk of progression and may indicate patients who can benefit from immunotherapies such as PD-1 inhibitors.
A Japanese study found that mandatory cognitive screening tests for older drivers led to a significant decrease in motor vehicle collisions. However, the policy also resulted in an increase in road injuries for pedestrians and cyclists, particularly among younger age subgroups.
A systematic review of 70 research papers found that exposure to gambling advertising increases intentions to gamble and gambling activity, leading to greater risk of harm. The study also showed that restrictions could particularly benefit children and young people, as well as adults already vulnerable to gambling-related harms.
A new study by SFU researchers found that shark and ray populations in the northwest Atlantic are recovering after implementation of a U.S. fishery management plan in 1993. The study shows that declines have been halted in three species and six species are clearly rebuilding, thanks to regulation, enforcement, and monitoring.
Researchers from UTSA and UT Health San Antonio are developing compounds that target the estrogen receptor-beta, which suppresses cancer growth. The goal is to identify a novel ER-beta agonist with potential as a therapeutic strategy for treating GBM in patients.
A new study found that prolonged inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols by mice caused changes in pulmonary immune cell composition and altered gene and protein levels in the lungs. Even low exposure to JUUL aerosols had significant impacts on the animals' lung health.
Researchers developed a computational analysis method to detect and identify somatic SVs in leukemia patients, gaining insights into molecular consequences and potential therapies. The approach enables understanding of individual somatic mutations and may lead to targeted treatments.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital used a next-generation protein degradation technology to study CTCF, revealing its functional insights into transcription regulation. The AID2 system overcame limitations of previous approaches, identifying specific zinc finger domains responsible for CTCF-dependent transcription.
Researchers uncovered evidence of blue-green algae presence in a German lake dating back 11,000 years, with species diversity increasing significantly after Bronze Age burials. Climate change and industrial agriculture have since accelerated the growth of these toxic algae.
Scientists recreated ancient human and Denisovan noses to compare their olfactory receptor genes, finding differences in sensitivity to various odors. This research sheds light on how our closest genetic relatives perceived and interacted with their environment.
A high fat diet can disrupt the brain's ability to regulate calorie intake by affecting astrocytes, which control signaling pathways between the brain and gut. This can lead to overeating and weight gain. Understanding this mechanism could help develop therapies to treat obesity.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that an altered gut microbiome drives endometriosis disease progression in an animal model. The study found that mice lacking a gut microbiome had smaller endometriotic lesions, and treatment with certain metabolites significantly enhanced cellular proliferation and lesion growth.
Researchers developed a magnetic microrobot that can quantify both cell stiffness and traction, revealing new insights into cellular processes. The study found that malignant tumors do not alter their tractions regardless of surrounding tissue stiffness, challenging common perceptions about cancer progression.
A large NIH-supported study found that adults living in rural areas have a 19% higher risk of developing heart failure than those in urban areas. Rural-dwelling Black men face the greatest risk, with a 34% increased risk compared to urban counterparts.
Researchers from McGill University found that changes in sea levels during the Ice Age affected crocodile gene flow, isolating Caribbean and Pacific populations with distinct genetic mutations. The study reveals the resilience of American crocodiles to climate swings and highlights the need for targeted conservation efforts in Panama.
A new research project aims to solve the physics behind excessive bubble formation in electrolysis, a bottleneck in large-scale green hydrogen production. The team will combine numerical simulations and laboratory experiments to develop reliable modelling tools.
A machine-learning analysis of 59 million online posts reveals associations between real-world events and various types of hate speech, including anti-immigration and LGBTQ-related slurs. The study suggests a complex relationship between triggering events and online hate speech, with potential implications for mitigating such speech.
In a breakthrough study, researchers at Münster University revealed that mechanical tearing is the primary mechanism behind neurite pruning in sensory nerve cells of fruit flies. This process, which occurs during development, involves strong body contractions causing stress on fragile neurites, leading to their severance and removal.
An evidence-based fall prevention program implemented in 33 medical units across 8 hospitals reduced non-injurious falls by 17% and injurious falls by 9%. The program resulted in $22 million in savings over a 5-year study period, with a cost of each fall estimated at $62,521.
Engineers and physicians developed a portable, postage-stamp-sized wearable ultrasound device for cardiac imaging. The device measures blood pumping activity in real-time, even during exercise, providing continuous insights into heart health.
A new study found a significant weight loss of 8.8% among participants after six months, with improvements in health and vitality. The approach addresses biological antecedents of food intake and develops intrinsic motivation for behavior changes.
Researchers have developed a mechanically flexible silver mesh that shields electromagnetic interference in the X band while allowing high-quality infrared wireless optical communication. The mesh, made of transparent polyethylene substrate with a grid structure, enables efficient shielding and visible transparency.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have explained the distribution of potassium ions on mica surfaces using an atomic force microscope in ultra-high vacuum. The study reveals tiny patterns of ion arrangement, which could improve electronic circuit performance and make mica a suitable insulator for 2D materials.
Researchers from Osaka University have identified a protein called FER1L5 that is crucial for the acrosome reaction, allowing sperm to fertilize eggs. The study found that mice lacking FER1L5 were unable to undergo the acrosome reaction, highlighting the importance of this protein in male fertility.
Global health organization's disease outbreak news has shifted from high-income countries to low- and middle-income countries, with a growing focus on antimicrobial resistance. The study analyzed 23 years of WHO Disease Outbreak News reports, providing insights into changing global threats.
A recent study found that adding just one ounce of walnuts to the typical American diet improves diet quality and increases intakes of under-consumed nutrients. Researchers analyzed data from nearly 8,000 Americans without a history of nut consumption, showing significant benefits for all life stages.
A decade-long study found that a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, and cognitive activity, slows memory decline in older adults. Participants with the APOE gene, associated with Alzheimer's disease, also experienced slower memory loss.
The discovery of Funcusvermis gilmorei, a 220-million-year-old fossil, extends the history of caecilians by 35 million years and fills a gap in their evolutionary history. The fossil shares skeletal features with early frog and salamander fossils, strengthening evidence for a shared origin between caecilians and these groups.
A new study led by the University of California San Diego found that daily walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly reduced the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment or dementia in senior women. With each additional 1,865 steps per day, the risk was lowered by 33%, while moderate-to-vigorous physical acti...
A study of seven children with profound immunodeficiency reveals a T95R mutation in the IRF4 gene, leading to an inborn combined immunodeficiency. The researchers found that the mutation affects immune cell development and function, causing the children to produce fewer antibodies and have impaired T cells.
The number of cardiovascular disease-related deaths in the US rose significantly between 2019 and 2020, with Asian, Black and Hispanic populations most affected. The largest single-year increase since 2015 was seen in CVD deaths among these populations, highlighting structural and societal disparities.
An online randomized trial found that exposure to civic education via social media increased support for democracy, political efficacy, and voter registration among young adults in Tunisia. The study suggests that online civic education can be an effective tool in strengthening democratic values and rejecting authoritarian rule.
Concordia researchers analyzed muscle and fat mass data from a large US sample population to find that high levels of fat mass are linked to poorer overall health. While BMI was surprisingly effective in predicting some cardiometabolic outcomes, the study suggests new body-composition phenotypes may be a better predictor.
A recent study published in Frontiers found that recreational runners who use running as a means of escapism, particularly self-suppression, are more likely to develop exercise dependence. In contrast, those who prioritize self-expansion and positive experiences through running tend to have better wellbeing outcomes.
Researchers found that salmon carcasses can cause wildflowers to grow bigger and produce more seeds, shedding light on the impact of climate change on rivers and streams. The study, published in Royal Society Open Science, extends previous knowledge about nitrogen isotopes and their connection to plant growth.
A large observational study found that heart failure risk is 19% higher for adults living in rural areas of the US compared to urban areas, with a significant disparity in Black men. The study highlights race- and sex-based inequities in heart failure risk, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to prevent heart failure.
Researchers have solved an 80-year-old medical mystery that causes kidney damage in children and can be fatal in babies. They discovered a gene mutation is the primary cause, but found that around 10% of patients without the mutation still experience symptoms.
Researchers uncover mechanism explaining how embryos form larvae or miniature adults, correlating gene activation timing with life cycle evolution.
A study of commercial and Medicare Advantage claims data from 2003 to 2017 found no statistically significant difference in psychosis-related diagnoses or prescribed antipsychotics between states with medical or recreational cannabis policies and those without. The findings suggest continued evaluation of psychosis as a potential conse...