Articles tagged with Graduate Education
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers investigate how warmer waters impact the interaction between sand shrimp and juvenile winter flounder, finding that increased water temperature allows more sand shrimp to survive and prey on vulnerable young fish. The study aims to understand the effects of global warming on marine ecosystems.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that larger portion sizes result in consuming 30% more calories, regardless of individual eating habits. This suggests that portion control is crucial for weight management and suggests alternatives like low-calorie vegetables and broth-based soups.
The University of Michigan is launching a program to increase diversity in STEM fields by recruiting graduate students for the NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) programs. With NSF support, Professor James Teeri will connect with professional society programs and educate potential students about IGERT.
The Crop Science Society of America partners with Pioneer Hi-Bred International to create the Pioneer Fellowship in Plant Sciences, providing $25,000 annual stipends for four years. The fellowship aims to advance plant improvement through education and research.
Rutgers University is leading a $12.3 million NSF grant to improve math and science education in New Jersey schools, focusing on teacher recruitment, training, and performance. The project aims to increase achievement gaps and reduce disparities in STEM education for underrepresented students.
A study by Ohio State University ranks the top 30 most internet-accessible cities in the US, with Chicago at the top. The 'Big 7' cities - including Washington, DC, Dallas, and New York - will continue to reap economic benefits from their high levels of internet accessibility.
Researchers found that people don't remember individual web pages as much as they do categories, leading to confusion on corporate websites. Designers should focus on organizing information in a way that is consistent with how users mentally organize it.
A study conducted by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign reveals that adolescent immigrants from Korea, Mexico, and Poland face distinct issues in the US. The research highlights how sports promote assimilation and materialism among these young immigrants, with varying degrees of emphasis depending on their cultural background.
A study by Brown University economist Robert Sauer found that parental cash transfers significantly increased lifetime consumption for students who used the money to offset debt or induced them to work instead of borrowing. This resulted in lower debt burdens and higher in-school consumption levels.
A study by Jeff Kwong and colleagues found that tuition fee increases in Ontario are disproportionately affecting lower-income students, with fewer from these backgrounds enrolling in medical school. The researchers also noted that first-year Ontario students expect higher debt loads at graduation than their peers in other provinces.
Professor Ramanathan recognized for his groundbreaking studies on clouds, aerosols, and greenhouse gases in the earth's climate system. His work has significantly advanced our understanding of radiative feedbacks in climate change and ocean temperature regulation.
A new study suggests that promoting physical activity may have negative effects on body image and eating habits among college women. Women who participated in a physical activity program were more likely to desire being thin and experience guilt after overeating.
Graduate students report high satisfaction with program freedom but low satisfaction with teaching and career services. Strategies for improvement include student involvement and information on program outcomes.
The Vetlesen Foundation has awarded a grant to the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography for the acquisition of equipment for studying sediment cores in global change research. This funding will enable researchers to further understand climate history and processes that may influence future changes.
Researchers found that viewers who watched uncivil debates on TV showed more negative attitudes toward Congress, politicians, and the American political system. Civility in debates had a positive impact on viewer recall of arguments, but hostile exchanges led to de-legitimization of opposing opinions.
Researchers will investigate the cause of substantial increases in Mnemiopsis leidyi population and determine the effects on coastal ecosystems. The study aims to understand the impacts of climate change on zooplankton populations and the local fishing industry.
A study by Duke University researchers found that HIV patients value high levels of control over medical record access, leading them to choose distant clinics or withhold information. The results highlight the need for providers to prioritize patient confidentiality and provide training on record-keeping and sharing.
Advanced practice nurse home visits significantly lower infant mortality, preterm births, and rehospitalizations. The intervention also yields substantial savings to the healthcare system.
The Mayo Clinic emphasizes the need for quality web-based genetics information for patients and physicians. Researchers found that patients often turn to the internet for genetic information, but may find it confusing and inaccurate. Centralizing access to reliable websites and improving readability could address these issues.
A recent court decision requiring all North Carolina speech-language pathologists to hold a master's degree may lead to a 13% workforce loss in the state's public school system. The shortage could exacerbate caseloads, particularly for students with autism and growing demands for early intervention services.
Mario Szegedy, a Rutgers associate professor, has been awarded the Gödel Prize for his groundbreaking research on computationally hard problems. His work showed that certain optimization problems, like Max-Clique, cannot have approximate solutions unless they have exact solutions.
A study by Cornell University found that even moderately noisy open offices can contribute to health problems like heart disease and musculoskeletal issues. Workers in noisy offices experienced higher levels of stress and made fewer ergonomic adjustments than those in quiet offices.
A new study suggests that pessimists can temper their negative outlook when judging others by focusing on the task at hand. Pessimistic individuals are aware of their negativity and can correct for this bias if they have sufficient mental resources available.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that the right hemisphere helps people recognize themselves in pictures. The study used morphed images blending a patient's face with famous faces and showed that patients' right brains could recognize their own faces even when anesthetized, but not when only the left brain was ...
A new study reveals that Ph.D. training often fails to prepare students for careers outside of academia, despite their desire to do so. Key findings include a lack of understanding about non-academic career options and inadequate preparation for teaching and service activities.
Yale astronomers have discovered that the area around the Milky Way contains remains of small galaxies torn apart by gravity, contradicting previous smooth distribution theories. The study found approximately 150 RR Lyrae variables with proper periods and light variations in a previously surveyed region.
Emmett Bennett Jr, a renowned scholar and UC alumnus, has been awarded the Gold Medal for Distinquished Archaeological Achievement by the Archaeological Institute of America. His groundbreaking work on Linear B script led to its decipherment, revolutionizing the study of ancient Greek writing systems.
Researchers identified 168 young stars in the Orion star forming complex, about half the mass of the sun. The discovery provides important constraints for theories on how fast planetary systems can form, suggesting solar-like stars can form planets in around 10 million years.
A recent study published in the Journal of Wildlife Management reveals that bison do not favor using groomed roads for traveling, contrary to a long-held assumption. In fact, most bison travel less than 1 kilometer on groomed terrain and instead follow natural corridors and streambanks.
A 20-year follow-up study of gifted students from 1980 reveals that women chose careers with more people interaction and less physical sciences. Despite higher male incomes, both sexes valued self-esteem equally.
A new study of emu eggshells reveals that the arrival of grazing mammals and rabbits in Australia led to a significant reduction in plant biomass, with grasslands disappearing around 300 years ago. The research suggests that Australian ecosystems are fragile and may take a long time to recover even if exotic animals were removed.
A recent study from the University of California, San Francisco has discovered a novel mechanism by which the drug ribavirin kills viruses by generating excess mutations that overwhelm the virus. This unexpected finding may lead to the development of more effective anti-viral treatments for hepatitis C patients.
A survey of 300 smokers and nonsmokers aged 14-22 found that concern for others' health is a stronger motivator to quit smoking than fear of one's own health. The study suggests educating young people about secondhand smoke's effects and encouraging nonsmoking teens to speak out should be key elements of anti-tobacco programs.
A new study found that physicians' lobbying efforts in Congress primarily focus on Medicare reimbursement, managed care reform, and biomedical research funding. Public health issues like access to care for the uninsured, tobacco control, abortion rights, and violence prevention are rarely discussed.
A University of Pittsburgh study reveals that young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at high risk of developing premature atherosclerosis by middle age. The researchers found that PCOS patients had higher levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including insulin and LDL cholesterol.
A study published in 1998 found that candidates received an average of 2.33% more votes when their names appeared first on the ballots. In Florida, Bush's name at the top of the ballot likely contributed to his win, particularly with less-than-1,000-vote difference between Gore and Bush.
Scientists have discovered genetic mutations causing hereditary lymphedema-distichiasis, a condition characterized by severe fluid retention and double rows of eyelashes. The FOXC2 gene on chromosome 16 is responsible for the mutations, which can also lead to heart defects, spinal abnormalities, and cleft palate.
A UC Irvine study found that rice paddies emit significant amounts of methyl halide gases, contributing to stratospheric ozone depletion. The study suggests that agricultural sources play a role in this atmospheric phenomenon, and highlights the importance of understanding natural sources of ozone-depleting gases.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo have found that a combination of fish oil and vitamin E reduces inflammation-inducing cytokines in mice with rheumatoid arthritis. This study suggests that these nutrients may delay symptoms and improve function for patients with this disease.
The university will offer 10 Chancellor's Teaching Assistantships with stipends and full tuition to encourage first-year students to participate in teacher training programs. The grant aims to increase minority Ph.D. enrollment at participating institutions.
A study of 22 international students found that they gained an average of 3 pounds and a 5% increase in body fat after 20 weeks. The researchers attributed this weight gain to the high-fat, high-salt, high-sugar diets that many new international students adopt.
A University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study found that regular garlic consumption reduces stomach cancer risk by half and colorectal cancer risk by two-thirds. The researchers pooled data from 22 studies worldwide to confirm the protective effect, but note that supplements may not be as effective.
A new study finds that intense weight training exercises can increase strength in older men, similar to those in their 20s. Researchers also observed improvements in muscle tone, aerobic capacity, and cholesterol profiles.
A new field of ecology explores how humans influence urban ecosystems, raising questions about accountability and stewardship. Cities are increasingly recognized as significant ecological systems with diverse conditions, energy-intensive operations, and a substantial ecological footprint.
The University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health will operate a Central Appalachian Public Health Training Center, providing on-site and distance-based training programs for underserved areas. The goal is to assure high-quality performance of public health agencies by upgrading the skills of existing workforce members.
Researchers found that nurse home visits reduced child abuse and neglect by up to 80% among low-income, unmarried women and their first-born children. The program had little effect on homes with moderate to severe domestic violence.
A study of older adults living alone after hospitalization found that they struggle with daily activities and are at risk of nursing home admission. Informal visits from family and friends can provide crucial support to help them recover and maintain community living.
Researchers found that even after six months of antiretroviral therapy, a substantial percentage of men with HIV remain infectious. The study suggests that men should continue to practice safe sex and follow medication instructions carefully.
Researchers at Virginia Tech are studying the effects of specialized exercise on bones in young women to prevent stress fractures. The study will involve 160 women between 18-26 years old and investigate the impact of isokinetic resistance exercises on bone stiffness.
A new Yale-led study reveals that negative views of aging can have a direct impact on cardiovascular health. Participants who were exposed to positive stereotypes showed significant decreases in blood pressure, while those exposed to negative stereotypes saw an increase in stress measures.
A recent study by the University of Pittsburgh suggests that parents' unfamiliarity with English can lead to their eligible children being uninsured. The research found that nearly one-fourth of children eligible for state children's health insurance programs were not enrolled in any health insurance program at the time of the study.
A survey of over 15,000 adolescent patients found that smoking was associated with higher rates of substance abuse, poor physical activity, and academic struggles. Orthodontists are uniquely positioned to promote healthy lifestyle messages to adolescents, who tend to visit them more frequently than other healthcare providers.
Researchers identified a new axon guidance receptor, Dscam, found in the tips of growing neurons that can exist in over 38,000 different forms. This unprecedented diversity may provide a fundamental code for precise wiring of trillions of neurons in the brain.
A new study reveals that even in countries with universal healthcare, there are significant restrictions on prescription drug accessibility for the elderly. The research found that countries like Australia, Canada, and the UK have varying levels of outpatient pharmaceutical plans, but often come with high costs.
A new University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study suggests that benzene is responsible for between 8% and 48% of all smoking-induced leukemia deaths. The chemical also causes between 12% and 58% of smoking-related deaths from acute myeloid leukemia.
A new Cornell University study reveals that household chores such as scrubbing, mopping, and vacuuming are still among the most tiring tasks, similar to those found in a 1937 survey. The researchers recommend redesigning these processes to reduce strain and fatigue.
Research shows younger children focus on observing angry behavior, while older kids understand parents' internal goals and behaviors. Parents should adapt their approach to explain conflicts and resolutions to suit their child's age.
Researchers at UNC-CH develop new technique to measure electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes using C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. The study finds that the mass ratios of metallic and semiconducting tubes can be controlled, enabling the production of materials with tunable structures.
A new study published in the journal Science suggests that low-mass stars called red supergiants may die explosively rather than fade away quietly. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of nucleosynthesis, stellar structure, and the evolution of stars.
A recent study published in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior found that caring for an ill or disabled family member can increase emotional distress and accumulate over time. Women who care for their loved ones experience higher levels of distress, particularly those who provide long-term care.