Articles tagged with Australia
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A new study found that most Australian GPs have used a placebo in practice at least once, with active placebos being more commonly used than inert ones. The study suggests that GPs use placebos because they believe it can provide genuine benefit and shape patients' expectations.
A new study has found that mussels, introduced to Australia's coastlines, have established themselves and may pose a threat to native species due to genetic pollution. However, the research also suggests that the invasive mussels may bring benefits, such as enhanced tolerance to warm conditions, which could safeguard Australian mussel ...
New research from La Trobe University found that public health policies on alcohol and tobacco implemented in the 1960s significantly reduced Australian cancer death rates. The study, published in BMC Medicine, analyzed data from 1911 to 2013 and found that key policies such as random breath testing programs, plain cigarette packaging,...
A research project at the University of Córdoba and the University of Zaragoza analyzed legislative changes in water management in Spain, California, and the Murray Darling Basin in Australia. The study shows that despite similarities in agriculture and water scarcity, these regions have distinct approaches to managing their watersheds.
A new study published today suggests that a combination of climate change and human activity led to the extinction of Australia's megafauna. The research analyzed fossil data, climate reconstructions, and archaeological information to test scenarios explaining regional variation in megafauna coexistence with humans.
A new study by the University of South Australia found a significant disconnect between individual bushfire preparedness and community-level protection plans. To mitigate this risk, communities must band together to ensure everyone is informed and prepared for bushfires, including those living in peri-urban areas.
Researchers using geochronological dating techniques determine Wolfe Creek Crater's age to be around 120,000 years old. The crater is one of seven impact sites in Australia dating back to this period, with a calculated rate of large meteorite impacts on Earth every 17,000 years.
A radio telescope in the Western Australian outback has captured a new view of the Milky Way's centre, revealing remnants of 27 massive stars that exploded as supernovae. The data comes from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey, which used low-frequency radio waves to map the sky.
Australian scientists have developed a genetic probe to detect eDNA of the endangered Gouldian finch, revealing its habitat and distribution. The test uses a PCR primer to amplify mitochondrial DNA and a species-specific probe to identify Gouldian finch DNA, increasing knowledge on population trends.
A global team of computer scientists developed Write-A-Video, a new tool that generates videos from themed text. Novice users can produce quality video montages in a simple and user-friendly manner without requiring professional skills.
Researchers analyzed 1418 galaxies and found small ones spin differently than large ones. The alignment changes as galaxies collide and merge with others, gaining mass. The study offers insight into the deep structure of the universe and how galaxies form.
NASA's Terra satellite captured a massive image of fires and smoke from Australia's bushfires, spanning the southern Pacific Ocean. Over 1.1 million hectares have burned since September, with more than 70 fires still raging in Queensland.
A randomized clinical trial in Australia tested whether a dose of naloxone administered through the nose was as effective as the same dose delivered by injection to reverse opioid overdose. The study found that nasal naloxone was just as effective as injectable naloxone in preventing the need for a rescue dose within 10 minutes.
Researchers found that early childhood teachers can help secure the emotional development of children dealing with trauma. Teachers can use holistic approaches, educate children about emergencies, and maintain trust to build self-esteem and resilience. They should also involve parents in emergency planning and provide consistent routines.
Researchers found that the Australian CEF weakens moisture transportation and decreases monsoon rainfall over South Asia by a quarter. The presence of islands in the Maritime Continent also intercepts westward propagation of quasi-biweekly oscillation, leading to decreased rainfall.
Astronomers discovered ultrafast star S5-HVS1, ejected by supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* five million years ago. The star travels ten times faster than most stars in the Milky Way, with a speed of 6 million km/h.
A new study by RAND Corporation outlines the challenges Australia faces in preparing for a possible breakthrough treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Australian healthcare system lacks sufficient medical specialists, diagnostic scanners, and infusion centers to handle the influx of patients, leading to long wait times and potential u...
A new study found that over three-quarters of Australian women with endometriosis use self-management strategies like breathing techniques, yoga, and dietary changes, with cannabis being the most effective treatment. Women reported significant reductions in pain, nausea, and depression symptoms, as well as a decrease in medication usage.
Scientists warn of excessive pesticide use in Australian waterways and the Great Barrier Reef, threatening aquatic plants and animals. Pesticide regulation has been deemed ineffective, but local efforts to reduce pollution show promise.
A study by UBC professor John Oliffe reveals eight lessons learnt from successful community-based men's health promotion programs. These programs recognize social forces that uniquely affect men, such as cultural activities and elder-led circles, to improve mental and physical well-being.
A new report highlights the importance of incorporating Indigenous decision-making and worldviews into environmental management, driving innovative solutions to pressing issues. By recognizing Indigenous sovereignty and relational ontologies, institutions can enhance sustainable approaches to land and water management.
Research finds high-intensity sporting physical activity improves neural baroreflex, while physical activity at work is associated with abnormal neural baroreflex and greater arterial stiffness. Chronic, strenuous activity at work may pose a risk to cardiovascular health.
Researchers have discovered a class of analgesics in conotoxin peptides, which are found in the venom of marine cone snails. These peptides show exceptional potency and selectivity for ion channels involved in pain transmission, offering new avenues for pain therapy.
Researchers found thousands of genes affected within ten minutes after water hitting a leaf, leading to strengthened defense hormones. The study also discovered a regulatory network that affects how plant defence hormones are strengthened by mechanical stimulation.
Research found that over 40% of older adults living with chronic conditions would be unlikely to seek mental health help even if needed. Key barriers include skepticism about benefits, lack of family/friend support, and belief in own capability limitations.
A major Australian study found that planned birth center births had high rates of normal labor and birth, low maternal complications, and comparable perinatal mortality outcomes compared to hospital births. Planned home births also showed positive maternal outcomes with no significant differences in perinatal mortality or NICU admissions.
A new study found that daily mean temperatures are associated with increased undernutrition hospitalization rates in Brazil. Heat exposure was estimated to be responsible for 15.6% of undernutrition hospitalization during the study period, with vulnerable populations showing the greatest impact.
A new report found at least seven Australian Leptospermum species produce medical-grade honey with exceptionally high antibacterial activity. The research pinpointed several regions as 'hot spots' to yield these high-value honeys.
A seven-year project analyzing sewage samples from 60 million people worldwide shows a worrying trend of drug use globally, with cocaine levels increasing by nearly 13% over five years. Methamphetamine use was particularly high in Australia and North America, linked to health conditions such as mental disorders and domestic violence.
Researchers found that fish can pass on heat-tolerant genes to their children and grandchildren, allowing them to cope with warmer waters. This adaptation could help coral reef fish populations survive projected ocean warming of up to three degrees Celsius.
Researchers have found that white sharks gather in large numbers at seal nurseries, forming persistent communities that persist for years. The study used photo-identification and network analysis to show that the apex predators choose who they hang with, driven by sex-dependent patterns of visitation.
Three peptides from Australian fungus Penicillium exhibit unique amino acid structures, leading to development of bilorphin and bilactorphin as novel analgesics acting on opioid receptors. These findings suggest a new pathway for pain management with reduced adverse effects.
A new study found that cataract surgery significantly improves drivers' safety on the road. After undergoing surgery, patients experienced a 48% decrease in near misses and crashes. This improvement was due to enhanced contrast sensitivity and night vision.
Researchers found fairy-wrens start breeding earlier in milder nights and stop breeding later in hot conditions. The study's long-term data on the birds' life history may help scientists understand climate change effects on wild animal populations globally.
A randomized controlled trial found that young adults with unhealthy diets showed significant improvements in mood and reduced symptoms of depression after eating a healthy diet for three weeks. The study provides preliminary evidence that small, simple diet adjustments can improve depression symptoms.
A recent study found that the SunSmart skin cancer prevention program contributed to a decline in melanoma among younger Australians. The use of sun protection behaviors increased rapidly after the program commenced, with maximal sun protection including shade also seeing significant improvements.
A study using wastewater analysis found that individuals with higher socioeconomic status had higher levels of vitamin B, caffeine, and certain pharmaceuticals. Conversely, lower socioeconomic status was associated with increased use of antidepressants, opioids, and antibiotics.
Researchers found French drivers were more keen on automated cars, while Australian drivers were concerned about safety and legal liability. QUT's studies highlight the need to understand driver perceptions and intentions for future development of automated vehicles.
A previously unknown species of pterosaur was discovered in Australia, with characteristics suggesting it may be a late-surviving member of the Anhanguera genus. The fossil, which includes parts of the skull and five vertebrae, is considered the most complete pterosaur specimen ever found in Australia.
Codeine-related poisoning calls and sales in Australia have significantly decreased since the prescription-only change in February 2018. The study found a 50% reduction in monthly rate of codeine-related poisoning calls and halved codeine sales.
Australian marine ecosystems absorb and emit large amounts of greenhouse gases, including 20 million tonnes of CO2 annually. Human damage causes 3 million tonnes to be released back into the atmosphere, highlighting the importance of conservation and restoration.
A new University of Otago study found that people have varying levels of knowledge about food energy and portion sizes. Inaccurate judgements about these factors can result in overeating and subsequent weight issues. To combat this, the researchers suggest providing more explicit and salient energy labels on food packages.
Researchers attached video cameras and sensors to white sharks to study their underwater hunting behavior. The findings suggest that white sharks actively search and pursue seals in deeper waters at night, contradicting the common assumption of surface-based prey capture during dawn and dusk.
Tetravinylallene, a highly unsaturated molecule with two adjacent double bonds, has been synthesized for the first time, offering a new approach to constructing complex molecular frameworks. Its symmetry enables chemists to perform multiple reactions in one step, making it a potent tool for synthesizing natural products and drugs.
A new study reveals major changes in Australia's Great Barrier Reef over the past 91 years, with intertidal communities experiencing significant declines in species richness and diversity. The research highlights the importance of long-term monitoring to track changes in community structure and coral abundance.
Researchers found exceptionally preserved microbial structures in Western Australia's Dresser Formation, proving biogenic origin and providing new insights into early life investigations. The discovery is a major advance, shedding light on the search for life on Mars and humanity's ancestry.
Using FRB 181112, researchers studied the diffuse gas in the halo of a massive galaxy, finding no evidence of cold turbulent clouds or small dense clumps of cool gas. The signal also revealed information about the magnetic field in the halo, which is very weak.
A large clinical study of 1,495 patients in 10 countries found that those who had a total hip arthroplasty reported better function but also higher incidence of serious complications. The study suggests the advantages of total hip replacement may not be compelling.
A study of nearly 25,000 patients found that weight-loss surgery in Western Australia was associated with higher rates of outpatient and emergency department mental health services. The research suggests that patients who undergo bariatric surgery may experience increased mental health needs after the procedure.
Researchers have sequenced the genomes of corals and their microbial partners, revealing new insights into symbiotic relationships and nutrient sharing. The study aims to aid in the revival of threatened coral reefs by understanding how they interact with their environment.
Researchers have discovered nine new species of bees in Fiji, including one that is nearing extinction due to climate-related changes. The study highlights the vulnerability of highland-restricted species to a warming climate.
Researchers from the US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command led experiments using hand gestures and head gaze to control autonomous robots in a real-world urban environment. The system successfully mapped the environment, located objects of interest, and provided situational awareness for soldiers.
The University of South Australia is leading a national push for academic integrity in Australian higher education, partnering with top experts to develop and deliver 20 workshops across the country. The initiative aims to promote good practices, prevent contract cheating, and safeguard the reputation of universities.
USC scientists discover coral passes beneficial algae colonies to offspring for survival advantage. The finding suggests corals can adapt to rising ocean temperatures through genetic mechanisms.
A study of 585 cancer patients in Australia and Vietnam found that 'bad luck' or fate was the third most common perceived cause of their cancer. This misconception can lead to a lack of willingness to change behavior related to diet, lifestyle, treatment, and care.
A recent study on palorchestid marsupials reveals they were giant herbivores that likely filled a niche no longer occupied in modern Australian ecosystems. The animals' forelimbs were extremely muscular and had fixed elbow joints, adapting them as permanently flexed food-gathering tools.
Research reveals giant sthenurine kangaroos had skull adaptations to withstand powerful bites, allowing them to eat tough foods like mature leaves and stems. Their skull structure is similar to that of modern-day giant pandas, which also consume tough bamboo.
A new study by a University of Arkansas anthropologist suggests that feeding habits of an extinct kangaroo species were similar to the modern-day giant panda. The analysis of the skull biomechanics of a giant extinct kangaroo indicates that it had a capacity for high-performance crushing of foods.
Jacques Miller's discovery of immune cells T and B cells has had a profound impact on modern medicine, underpinning innovations in vaccine development, organ transplants, and cancer treatment. The Lasker Award recognizes his seminal work, which has also been recognized as a predictor of Nobel Prize success.
A new study from the University of Technology Sydney reveals that heat is a greater killer in Australia than cold, with up to 9% of deaths linked to heat in warmer regions. The elderly are particularly vulnerable to heat-related mortality.