Articles tagged with Basic Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have discovered a nickel-cobalt-manganese-indium magnetic shape-memory alloy that can store and release heat through the magnetocaloric effect. The material's behavior near ferroic glassy states has implications for thermal properties and tunable properties.
Researchers discovered that deep-sea 'comb jellies' called ctenophores have a unique adaptation in their cellular membrane that enables them to survive at high pressure. This finding may inform what's known about the human body, particularly how a specific lipid called plasmalogen works in nerve cells.
Lancaster University researchers develop new mapping technology to encourage public participation in urban planning. They modify 'Cities: Skylines' to create realistic cities and inform planning, allowing players to manage services and infrastructure. The study aims to increase citizen engagement through enjoyable gaming experiences.
A new study reveals the Jøtul hydrothermal field in the Arctic Ocean, which is rich in minerals and metals. The discovery of high concentrations of methane indicates a significant interaction with magma, contributing to ocean acidification and climate change.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have reclassified Foxp3 as a transcriptional cofactor, revealing its reliance on DNA-binding proteins to regulate the immune system. This discovery has significant implications for future T-cell engineering and potentially treating autoimmune diseases.
Researchers used stable oxygen isotope Delta-O-18 to analyze ITCZ changes over 30,000 years. The study identifies main components for ITCZ size, strength, and position influenced by Earth's axis inclination and orbit eccentricity.
Neuroscientists have identified a region of the brain that regulates escape behavior in mice, revealing its role in anxiety and PTSD. The study found that inhibitory neurons can be turned up or down to control sensitivity to threats.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine discovered that before committing to cell division, cells may stay in a reversible intermediate state for many hours, potentially up to a day. This pre-commitment state allows cells to sense and integrate fluctuating input signals, reducing the chance of inappropriate division.
A team of researchers has determined a fundamental spatial limit for light-driven magnetization reversal in nanometer-scale materials. They found that the minimum size for all-optical switching is around 25 nm due to ultrafast lateral electron diffusion, which rapidly cools illuminated regions.
Researchers at Colorado State University used human stem cells to study synaptic connections in the brain, focusing on GABAergic synapses. They found that Gephyrin promotes autonomous assembly of these synapses, which can develop independently of neuronal communication. This understanding could lead to new treatments for neurological d...
Researchers at Huazhong Agricultural University discovered a genetic synergy between pumpkin and cucumber that fortifies the latter's resilience against salinity. The CmoDREB2A gene from pumpkin interacts with the CmoNAC1 gene in cucumbers to enhance salt tolerance through regulating H2O2 and ABA signaling and K+/Na+ homeostasis.
Scientists have discovered that ADGRF5 helps maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, which is critical for filtering waste from the blood. The study found that disrupting ADGRF5 expression led to abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane and increased albuminuria.
Scientists at uOttawa have developed Fourier Quantum Process Tomography (FQPT) to validate quantum circuit performance. The technique allows for high-accuracy characterization with minimal measurements, enabling significant advancements in quantum computing.
Researchers developed a unique electrochemical ultrasonic force microscopy (EC-UFM) technique to observe sodium-ion battery interfaces during operation. The new method guides passivating layer formation, preserving charge carrier transport and enhancing battery performance.
A new study presents an evolutionary-biophysical model that sheds light on the evolution of collaborative non-self recognition self-incompatibility in plants. The model introduces promiscuous molecular interactions, enhancing our understanding of genetic diversity and evolution in hermaphroditic plants.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a 3D genomic profiling technique to identify small precancerous lesions in the pancreas, which can lead to aggressive pancreatic cancers. The study provides the most detailed 3D map of precancerous lesions in the human pancreas to date.
A decade-long study has discovered a vast untapped genetic potential in modern wheat varieties, revealing that at least 60% of the genetic diversity found in a historic collection is unused. This discovery provides an unprecedented opportunity to improve modern wheat and sustainably feed a growing global population. The study used a cr...
Researchers found that toddlers with profound autism had larger embryonic brain cortical organoids (BCOs) compared to neurotypical controls. The BCO size was positively correlated with the child's later social symptoms, indicating that a larger brain may be the first sign of autism.
Scientists at the University of Bath discovered a new nonlinear optical property that measures the twist in tiny particles, similar to viruses and bacteria. This finding enables real-time particle size analysis and has significant implications for various fields like display technology, chemical catalysis, and medicine.
Researchers have gained insight into how a deadly strain of salmonella adapts to invasion, flourishing in hostile environments and evading immune defenses. The study sheds light on the role of fluid shear forces in bacterial behavior, which may accelerate the design of new therapies for life-threatening infections.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding the GIP hormone's role in regulating insulin levels and weight loss. The study, involving over 500,000 individuals, found that inhibiting the GIP receptor may result in weight loss, while activating it without arresting its signal is crucial.
A new review paper explores the mechanistic links between peripheral vascular dysfunction, cerebral vascular dysfunction, and reduced brain health with aging. The study suggests that targeting fundamental aging mechanisms may be a promising strategy to reduce dementia risk.
The 2024 Kavli Prize Laureates have made significant contributions to our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres, nanoscale materials for biomedical applications, and the localization of brain areas specialized for face recognition. Their work has broadened our knowledge of planetary life beyond Earth.
Scientists have discovered unique periodic structures in manganese germanide that behave like magnetic monopoles and antimonopoles. The researchers studied the collective excitation modes of these structures, revealing a way to experimentally determine their spatial configuration.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine build a minimal synthetic cell that responds to external chemical cues, demonstrating symmetry breaking - a vital biological principle. The findings have potential applications in targeted drug delivery and environmental sensing.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture for low back and/or pelvic pain during pregnancy has been retracted due to fundamental flaws in the research design and data extraction. The journal BMJ Open announced the retraction after multiple issues were raised following publication.
The new technique allows for the creation of tiny replicas of the human brain so realistic that they rival fetal brain's neural network. Researchers can now study neurological disorders such as autism and schizophrenia in highly realistic brain cortical organoids.
A recent study suggests that inhibiting epigenetic control enzymes in immune cells, specifically HDAC1, improves anti-tumor immunity and tumor surveillance. This finding could lead to new therapeutic strategies in cancer immunotherapy.
Researchers have developed a route to modify peptides to target disease diagnostics and drug discovery, focusing on protein-protein interactions (PPIs). By modifying a small peptide sequence, the team showed it binds more quickly and strongly to specific PPI targets.
Researchers have developed a highly sensitive diamond quantum magnetometer that can achieve practical ambient condition magnetoencephalography. The novel magnetometer uses a single crystalline diamond to detect magnetic fields, achieving record sensitivities of up to 9.4 pT Hz-1/2 in the frequency range of 5 to 100 Hz.
Six UTA faculty members have received prestigious CAREER grants from the National Science Foundation for their innovative research. The total award amount is $3.23 million.
A team of researchers successfully demonstrated the principles of gravity-mediated entanglement in a photonic quantum simulation. This breakthrough provides crucial insights into the nature of gravity and its interaction with quantum mechanics.
Researchers at the University of Vienna have developed a new way to understand complex quantum phenomena using magnetic quivers. They found that these quivers can decay into more stable states or fission into separate ones, reinterpreting the Higgs mechanism in quantum field theory.
Scientists aim to create a spray-on bandage that breaks down within 48 hours, providing time for proper treatment. The project uses enzymes to degrade polymer complexes, which will allow for controlled degradation and potential applications in drug delivery.
A new scientific model provides a global look at the activities of clams, worms and other invertebrate animals that burrow at the bottom of the ocean. The study found that environmental factors such as seawater depth, nutrient levels and sediment composition shape bioturbation patterns and marine ecosystems worldwide.
The team created finely detailed images of the viral RNA and replication structures, revealing spherical shapes around the nucleus of infected cells. The images provide insight into how the virus evades cell defenses and could lead to new therapeutic targets for drug development.
A groundbreaking study introduces a method for sorting vector structured beams with spin-multiplexed diffractive metasurfaces, promising significant advancements in optical communication and quantum computing. This technology enables precise control over complex light beams, opening new avenues for scientific exploration.
Researchers found that bubbling olive products before oil extraction decreases oil quality. The study measured absolute phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and acidity levels in bubbled oil (BO) compared to virgin olive oil (VOO). BO had lower antioxidant properties and higher acidity levels than VOO.
Researchers use atomic force microscopy to study mouthfeel and flavor perception, potentially leading to health-promoting products with optimal taste. The study's findings could also redefine the traditional definition of flavor, incorporating mechanical perception as an additional factor.
A new algorithm called adaptive intersection maximization (AIM) removes high-frequency noise from super-resolution optical microscope data in real time, achieving sub-nanometer precision. This allows scientists to study chemical and biological systems far more easily and precisely than before.
The study identified two main reasons for the amplification of tsunamis: a lens effect due to shallow waters and wave refraction, as well as diffraction at capes and multiple reflections. These local conditions contributed to the high tsunamis in Iida Bay.
Researchers discovered that children with the worst outcomes had significantly fewer microbial species overall, but marked populations of Staphylococcus bacteria and viruses. The study used metagenomic next-generation sequencing to analyze lung fluid samples from 229 pediatric patients, revealing links between microbiome composition an...
Researchers at NUS developed a new method to grow two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) using molecular beam epitaxy. This approach enables phase engineering and fabricating 2D heterostructure devices with precise control over their properties.
The RADx-UP initiative prioritizes community-engaged strategies to achieve health equity in underserved populations. Community-academic partnerships play a crucial role in mitigating health disparities related to COVID-19 and beyond.
Research reveals cell-in-cell phenomena are common in non-cancer cells, playing roles in development, homeostasis and stress response. The study argues against targeting cell-in-cell events for cancer therapy, opening new avenues for research in evolutionary biology, oncology and regenerative medicine.
Jefferson Lab Director Stuart Henderson has been named to the 2024 Hampton Roads Power List, recognizing his role in expanding the lab's research focus. The lab is now poised to unleash bigger impacts through its expanded mission and lead a $300-500 million data science project.
Researchers aim to create polymers that can form the basis of effective sensors for applications in physiological, environmental, and Internet of Things monitoring. The goal is to increase energy efficiency and broaden material choices, enabling devices to operate at low voltage and interact with ions and transport ionic charges.
Kyushu University researchers generalize fluid dynamics of volatile liquids using mathematical modeling and experimentation. Their findings can lead to more efficient product development in various liquid-based industries, including high-end electronics manufacturing and lab-on-a-chip disease diagnosis.
Researchers analyzed Impatiens walleriana response to Plasmopara obducens infection, identifying key genes involved in susceptibility and resistance. The study provides a fundamental resource for future efforts to engineer disease resistance in this economically significant ornamental crop.
Researchers found a new pathway to cancer cell death led by the Schlafen11 (SLFN11) gene. This discovery could have implications for cancer treatment and patient outcomes.
A recent study by Wuhan University's GNSS Research Center reveals significant effects of Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) on the ECOM model performance for BDS-3 MEO satellites. ISL enhances reliability and reduces systematic errors in orbit estimation, particularly along B direction.
Researchers at Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard have developed a comprehensive platform for HIV vaccine research using the mRNA-LNP system. The platform has shown promising results in preclinically validating next-step boost immunogens and providing new insights into the basic biology of antibody responses.
Farny will investigate the impact of methylation on gene expression of Pseudomonas putida in soil and laboratory conditions, building gene circuits to test engineered bacteria. The project aims to advance the use of bacteria for environmental cleanups and create educational resources for undergraduate students.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg studied how bubbles form in a drop of biodiesel using femtosecond lasers. The findings aim to improve engine efficiency, reduce emissions, and increase fuel combustion. Understanding bubble formation is crucial for developing more efficient biofuel motors.
Assistant professor Yinsheng Guo is developing a comprehensive understanding of metal halide perovskites, promising semiconducting materials for energy technologies. He also seeks to transform how physical chemistry is taught using computational and experiential approaches.
F. William Studier, a senior biophysicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory, has won the 2024 Merkin Prize in Biomedical Technology for his T7 expression technology, enabling large-scale production of RNA and proteins for biomedical research and pharmaceuticals. His work has saved millions of lives with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
By recasting diffusion as a sum of individual contributions called 'kinosons,' researchers developed a new method to model alloy behavior. Machine learning is used to compute the statistical distribution of these contributions, allowing for fast and accurate simulation of diffusion. This breakthrough enables significant improvements in...
Researchers created a new model to study the effects of undernutrition on the microbiome, which can help identify specific microbes that impact development. The model mimics early childhood experiences and shows promise in understanding the underlying causes of stunted growth and other harmful effects of undernutrition.
Researchers analyzed genome of Oikopleura dioica, finding it has wildly different languages despite identical physical characteristics. The 'scrambling' phenomenon suggests genes are regulated differently, challenging assumptions about species identity.
Researchers developed a computational model simulating fruit fly wing development to identify mechanisms behind organ generation. The model revealed two distinct classes of chemical signaling pathways that produce curved or flat tissues.