Researchers from TU Braunschweig and TROPOS combined two airborne measurement systems to investigate small-scale air movements and aerosol particle formation. The study aims to improve understanding of Arctic climate change processes.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology discovered a powerful rotating magnetic wind in galaxy ESO320-G030, suggesting its role in supermassive black hole growth. The study reveals similarities between this process and the birth of stars.
Biogenic sources of VOCs dominate summertime air pollutant formation in Los Angeles, increasing with temperature. Temperature-dependent emissions drive ozone and secondary organic aerosol pollution, with roughly 60% formed through biogenic VOC emissions.
The Indian Institute of Science has fabricated a device to up-convert short infrared light to the visible range, utilizing a non-linear optical mirror stack made of gallium selenide. This innovation has diverse applications in defence and optical communications, including astronomy and chemistry.
New research suggests that our infant solar system resembled a doughnut-shaped protoplanetary disk, where asteroids with metal grains rich in iridium and platinum migrated to the outer disk as it rapidly expanded. This explanation contradicts previous findings of concentric ring structures around other stars.
A national study analyzed university policies and resources to identify the most supportive institutions for academic couples. The research found that public universities were more likely to create faculty positions for partners than private universities.
Josh Smalley, a chemical biology researcher and Great British Bake Off finalist, explores the overlap between chemistry and baking. He credits his lab training for handling pressure in the tent and finding creative solutions to baking issues.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that lifetime LSD use is associated with a higher likelihood of severe psychological distress after losing one's job. The study analyzed data from over 15,000 adults and found that prior LSD use was linked to greater symptoms of psychological distress.
Researchers found that combining the immunosuppressive drug ruxolitinib with existing checkpoint inhibitor therapies boosts their effectiveness in fighting cancer. The treatment results in an increase in functional T cells and a reduction in myeloid suppressor cells, which are tied to poor prognosis of several cancers.
A new study found that neonicotinoid-treated seeds led to an 8% drop in butterfly species diversity, with the pesticide also affecting monarch butterfly populations. The research calls for publicly available data on pesticide use to understand the causes of butterfly decline.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have discovered a new scaling law that governs how artificial neural networks handle an increasing number of categories for identification. This law reveals how the identification error rate increases with the number of required recognizable objects, impacting AI latency and efficiency.
A study analyzing 5 million nights of sleep data identifies five main sleep types, with frequent changes between these types offering insights into chronic health conditions like diabetes and sleep apnea. Long-term tracking of sleep patterns may unlock new public health insights.
A shift in testing for and managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) to much earlier in pregnancy may prevent health complications for both the mother and baby. GDM, a type of diabetes found during pregnancy, affects one in seven pregnancies worldwide.
A new, streamlined urine DNA test detects primary bladder cancer more accurately than current methods, potentially reducing the need for invasive cystoscopy. The test shows high sensitivity and specificity, even for detecting high-grade noninvasive papillary carcinoma.
A new study reveals that micro- and nanoplastics may boost the risk of non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The tiny particles are absorbed into the human body through food, air, and other sources, potentially leading to increased inflammation and severity of these conditions.
Researchers have developed a novel perovskite-based anode material with mixed hole–proton conduction, achieving high efficiency at low and medium temperatures. The breakthrough could pave the way for important technological advancements in energy technologies.
A new study assesses LLMs' impact on labor markets, finding 80% of workers are in jobs with at least 10% task exposure. Higher-wage occupations like science and research are most affected, while lower-wage jobs remain relatively safe.
A new study published in JAMA Oncology found that chemotherapy before surgery can improve survival rates for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an aggressive form of the disease. The modified FOLFIRINOX regimen was administered to 46 patients, resulting in a 67% 12-month progression-free survival rate and a 59% two-...
A new study found that market-ready steers can maintain high-quality beef even when fed lower-cost maintenance diets. The research showed no significant differences in meat quality between two diet groups, suggesting flexibility in feeding strategies.
Researchers from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have engineered CAR NK cells with CD28 costimulation to improve antitumor activity and persistence. These cells demonstrated high cytotoxicity against CD70+ tumor cells in preclinical models, suggesting a promising approach for cancer therapy.
Scientists at Tohoku University have discovered a new magnetic material that generates terahertz waves with an intensity four times higher than typical materials. This breakthrough enables the development of efficient terahertz wave emitters for various industrial fields, including imaging and medical diagnostics.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis increases risk of bile duct cancer; early diagnosis is essential for successful treatment with liver transplantation. Regular MRI/MRCP scans are critical for early detection and may be recommended for high-risk PSC patients.
Researchers have devised an algorithm to rationally engineer enzymes for improved performance, taking into account evolutionary history. The new method successfully introduced up to 84 mutations over a sequence of 280, resulting in improved activity and stability at higher temperatures.
A new clinical test has been developed to detect Calcium Release Deficiency Syndrome (CRDS), a life-threatening genetic arrhythmia that causes dangerous heartbeats. The test monitors changes in electrocardiography after a fast heartbeat and pause, allowing for the diagnosis of CRDS in individuals who have previously gone unexplained.
The study reveals regional differences in Amazon drought response due to local environments and tree properties. The southern Amazon, with shallow water tables, is more vulnerable to drought, while the northern region, with deeper roots and less fertile soil, is more resilient.
A new study at the University of Eastern Finland found that metacognitive knowledge is a key factor in the learning of mathematics. This awareness of one's cognitive processes enables students to face new challenges and adapt to changing environments.
A study published in Genetics in Medicine found that workplace genetic testing led to increased health behavior changes and follow-up with healthcare professionals among employees who received test results indicating elevated cancer or heart disease risk. Employees with negative test results reported feeling reassured about their healt...
A team of researchers created an advanced method for automatic microfossil detection and analysis using AI. The method has shown great potential in utilizing AI to analyze vast amounts of microfossil data, potentially helping geologists better utilize wellbore samples.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland finds that a healthy diet is associated with lower blood glucose levels and a reduced risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The association holds true for individuals with both low and high genetic risk, suggesting a universal benefit of healthy eating.
A study published in BioScience reveals substantial ecological impacts of elk and other ungulates following the removal of gray wolves from Yellowstone, Olympic, and Wind Cave National Parks. This has led to declines in long-term tree recruitment, influencing plant communities and ecological processes.
This study investigates the impact of hydrogen sulfide on platelet autophagy in cirrhotic thrombocytopenia and reveals that H2S modulates platelet autophagy via the PDGFR-alpha/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which may contribute to thrombocytopenia.
Researchers analyzed data from over 184,000 cancer patients to assess COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness. The study found that vaccination significantly reduces mortality and serious complications among cancer patients, especially those who received the booster dose.
Researchers developed a technique to study electrochemical processes at the atomic level, revealing unexpected transformations in a popular copper catalyst. The technique, called polymer liquid cell (PLC), enables scientists to observe composition changes during reactions in real time.
Gender diverse individuals face barriers in accessing healthcare screening, leading to a higher risk of undetected cancer. Nurse practitioners can play a crucial role in closing this gap by providing culturally safe care and promoting regular screenings.
A new study introduces a standardized handoff protocol called SHRIMPS, which improves surgical communication and reduces errors. After implementing the tool, 100% of cases included handoffs, with 98.2% of critical elements addressed.
PSICHIC uses sequence data and AI to decode protein-molecule interactions with state-of-the-art accuracy, eliminating costly processes like 3D structures. The tool effectively screens new drug candidates and performs selectivity profiling, offering a more efficient and reliable approach to drug discovery.
Researchers have developed a method to deliver drugs to specific areas of the body using ultrasound waves, triggering drug release from stable nanocarriers. The approach is made both safe and efficient for the first time, paving the way for clinical trials.
A study by UniSA found that half of AFL fans had witnessed racist 'barracking' such as name calling at matches compared to 36% of NRL fans and 27% of A-League fans. Only 3% of AFL fans reported incidents through the phone-text hotline.
This study found that TIMP-1 induces the expression of transcription factor Fli-1, which elevates MCP-1 expression and promotes hepatic macrophage recruitment. siRNA-TIMP-1 alleviated liver fibrosis by reducing macrophage migration and MCP-1 expression.
A research team observed partial crystallization of a glass and developed a model explaining the crystal nucleation mechanisms within a glass at different spatial scales. The team used multiscale structural analysis mainly using synchrotron X-rays, revealing nanosized crystal nuclei forming within Zr-rich regions of the glass.
A world-first study found that walking regularly can reduce the recurrence of low back pain by almost twice as long as not exercising. The study, conducted by Macquarie University, followed 701 adults with a history of low back pain and randomly allocated them to either an individualized walking program or a control group.
Researchers found that siblings of children with autism who had relatives with schizophrenia or anxiety experienced increased social and communication difficulties. Family history of anxiety and intellectual disability was associated with lower verbal and nonverbal skills in these siblings.
Purdue University researchers developed a portable, paper-based system to detect fecal contamination on commercial fresh produce farms. The system uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and achieves 100% accurate results within an hour.
Researchers at Linköping University and the Medical University of Graz have developed a new cancer treatment using an iontronic pump to deliver continuous, low-dose chemotherapy directly to brain tumors. This approach significantly reduces tumor growth by bypassing the blood-brain barrier, a common obstacle to effective treatment.
Researchers at EPFL have published an open-source project Tabulae Paralytica, providing a comprehensive understanding of spinal cord injury biology. The study identifies specific neurons and genes involved in recovery and proposes a successful gene therapy derived from its discoveries.
Using caffeine as an indicator, researchers found that domestic wastewater is the primary source of contamination in storm drains, making it easier to identify and address leaks. The study aims to develop diagnostic technology to track down pollution caused by these leaks and protect public water bodies.
Researchers at IBEC successfully generated kidney organoids with a complex vascular system, a breakthrough that could revolutionize disease modeling and drug screening. This achievement was made possible by combining 3D kidney organoids with endothelial organoids in a process that mimics the development of human kidneys.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to convert native sugars into diverse classes of stable glycosides and glycoproteins. This biomimetic concept uses 'cap and glycosylate' technology to selectively activate and substitute the anomeric hydroxyl group in a native sugar, generating a temporary thioglycoside intermediate that unde...
A new study from Oregon Health & Science University identifies 22 key measures of high-quality psilocybin services, including safety indicators and client outcomes. The study provides a harmonized set of measures for monitoring the safety and effectiveness of these services, as other states consider legalizing psychedelics.
Scientists have identified a new symbiotic relationship between insects and bacteria, Symbiodolus, which is widespread across different insect species. The bacteria are found in reproductive organs and can be transmitted from parents to offspring, highlighting the complex interactions between hosts and symbionts.
The COVICAT study, involving a Spanish cohort of 9,218 individuals, used innovative approaches to analyze the interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental stressors in determining depression risk. Key findings include the importance of considering both genetic and environmental factors when addressing depression risk.
Researchers at the University of Zurich discovered that plants benefit from a variety of interactions with pollinators and herbivores, leading to local adaptation and ecotypes. Plants pollinated by bumblebees adapted best to different soil types, while others showed less significant adaptation.
Scientists have identified a new mechanism by which cells counteract a key cancer-promoting protein using an 'invisible' protein called RAI2. In cancer cell lines and patient samples, RAI2 levels are reduced in more severe and treatment-resistant forms of prostate cancer.
A new study reveals that physiological synchrony significantly enhances perceived romantic attraction. Super Synchronizers, who naturally synchronize well in social and nonsocial contexts, are perceived as more romantically appealing. This study integrates experimental and observational methods to investigate the mechanisms of romantic...
Researchers developed two clinical ageing clocks, PCAge and LinAge, that use blood tests, a urine test, and a health questionnaire to estimate future mortality risk. These clocks show significant predictive efficacy in characterising individual future ageing trajectories.
Ternarx aims to unlock the potential of targeted protein degrader (TPD) technology to treat hard-to-treat cancers like neuroblastoma and prostate cancer. The company will initially focus on developing new treatments for these diseases using novel TPD technology.
Using a novel microscopy technique, LMU researchers visualize the formation of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), crucial for battery technology and hydrogen production. The study reveals that tiny droplets control the reaction's kinetics at the beginning, leading to highly crystalline structures.
Researchers from University of Hong Kong developed a whole-body MRI scanner operating on standard wall power outlet without shielding cages, addressing MRI accessibility challenges. The machine achieved clear imaging at ultra-low field strength of 0.05 Tesla with improved image quality and reduced scan time.
Kelp forests in southern Maine have collapsed due to warming, while northern regions continue to provide key ecosystem services. The study highlights regional differences in forest health and the importance of targeted management to preserve these ecosystems.
Researchers used single-cell sequencing technology to study immune responses in healthy adult volunteers exposed to SARS-CoV-2. They discovered unique immune responses associated with resisting sustained viral infection and disease, including activation of specialized mucosal immune cells and a reduction in inflammatory white blood cells.