Articles tagged with Urban Studies
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University traced chronic health problems of adult inner-city women to childhood abuse and neglect. The study found that childhood trauma affects physical health in adulthood through lifetime drug dependence, smoking, and psychological distress.
A Forest Service study found that urban trees can remove fine particulate air pollution, saving lives. The study estimated the impact of urban forests on PM2.5 concentrations and associated health effects in 10 US cities.
A recent study offers a tool to identify regions exposed to multiple forest threats, including wildfires, urban development, and insects and disease. The tool uses a novel analysis technique to highlight locations where threats are more concentrated.
A new study finds that Transcendental Meditation improves graduation rates by 15%, with a greater impact on low-achieving students. The technique also reduces dropout rates and increases college acceptance.
Rural cancer survivors experience poorer health due to higher rates of smoking and lack of physical activity. The study found that 25% of rural smokers compared to 16% of urban smokers reported lower rates of regular exercise, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
A study found that testosterone therapy prescriptions increased significantly over 10 years, with 2.29% of men in their 40s and 3.75% of men in their 60s taking some form of testosterone therapy. The trend is driven by direct-to-consumer marketing campaigns and the expansion of low-T centers.
A new study reveals two beautiful and colourful species of soft corals alongside a new genus of octocorals in the North Eastern Pacific Ocean. The discovery highlights the remarkable diversity of octocorals, with around 3400 species described worldwide.
A Michigan State University researcher found that parents' concerns are frequently ignored when closing urban schools, and that teacher quality and economic investment are key factors that are not considered. Khalifa's study argues that school administrators should consider community voices and vested interests when making decisions.
A Baylor University study finds that fast-food availability near school magnifies negative effects on black and Hispanic adolescents, who are more likely to be overweight and receive less benefit from exercise. The study highlights the importance of targeted marketing strategies to promote healthier food environments.
A study found low prevalence of healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as regular physical activity and healthy diets, in individuals with CHD or stroke globally. The data suggests that high-income countries have higher rates of cessation from smoking and healthier lifestyles.
A study by University of Utah researchers found that cities with strong urban cores have the most positive effect on social interaction. Decentralization has a negative impact on socializing, 10 times more than fragmentation and 20 times longer commute times.
A new study reveals that Nevada's black bear population is increasing and expanding its former range due to conservation efforts. The study analyzed historic records and found that the bears were once widespread but vanished by 1931, only to rebound in recent years.
A new study emphasizes the importance of reducing pesticide reliance and adopting integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to minimize exposure in children. The research found pesticides in all homes studied, with traditional pesticides ineffective in controlling infestations.
Researchers estimated that 10-20 tons of reactive nitrogen from sewage flows into the Monongahela River every year, affecting stream water quality. The study highlights the need to assess nitrogen leakage from aging sewers in urban environments.
A Wayne State University study found seasonal fluctuations in blood lead levels among children are linked to resuspended dust contaminated with lead. The research, based on nine years of data from over 367,000 children, highlights the need for improved controls to prevent lead exposure.
A new study from Rice University found that same-sex couples who live together have worse health than married opposite-sex couples, with similar health to those living apart. The research highlights the importance of considering the unique challenges faced by this population in discussions of relationships and health.
A new study found that exposure to airborne dust in urban areas leads to an increase and decrease in childhood blood lead levels, respectively. The research suggests that focusing on primary prevention of lead-contaminated soils may be a more effective approach to improving child health than current efforts.
Researchers will compare 36 Cub Scout packs with full-time executives to those without executives, as well as non-Scout peers. The study aims to assess the program's impact on youths' character, health, and academic achievement.
A recent study found that the prescription opioid overdose rate in NYC increased seven-fold between 1990 and 2006, with fatalities concentrated among white residents. The study suggests a different public health approach is needed for this demographic, as their profile differs from heroin consumers.
A new study led by Wayne State University will aim to develop methods for better identifying women at increased risk for stroke. The research aims to educate doctors on how to follow recommended guidelines to identify these patients, leading to improved treatment and screening rates.
The Yale School of Environment's Journal of Industrial Ecology publishes a special issue on Sustainable Urban Systems, focusing on integrated approaches to reduce environmental impact. Research explores global warming, waste management, and phosphorus use in cities worldwide.
A study by Michigan State University researcher Angie Kennedy found that severe abuse within families is strongly associated with dating violence among young female high school students. The research highlights the need for discussions about family abuse and its impact on individuals, particularly those exposed to violence in their homes.
Researchers at SMU are analyzing social networks and isolation's role in fighting hunger in North Texas. The study aims to understand the causes of food insecurity beyond household economic resources.
A study by Indiana University researchers found flame retardants at global locations, with high concentrations detected in tree bark samples, particularly in urban areas and near manufacturing facilities. The technique of using tree bark as a sampling medium proves effective in detecting these pollutants.
A Wayne State University researcher is leading a federally funded project to better understand the connection between roadway safety and available sight distance at intersections controlled by stop signs. The study aims to determine if there's a relationship between crash occurrence and amount of available sight distance.
Researchers found that feeling inferior in social status leads people of all races to crave expensive products. Whites who imagined themselves in low-status positions rated high-status goods more positively than those in higher positions.
A study found that parents with children living in urban areas are less likely to experience depression than those with children nearby. The key protective factor was the financial support sent by children, which mitigated the empty-nest syndrome.
A new study found an association between reduced fine particulate matter and increased life expectancy in US counties from 2000 to 2007. Reducing air pollution levels may be more beneficial for women, with a stronger link in urban areas.
A new study estimates that 54-60 million people worldwide suffer from traumatic brain injuries each year, with men and Maori people being disproportionately affected. The true annual incidence of mild TBI is substantially higher than previous WHO estimates, with rates highest in children and younger adults.
A new study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health links impulsivity in first grade to problem gambling in late adolescence. The research found that high-impulse boys were twice as likely to meet criteria for at-risk and three times more likely to meet criteria for problem gambling.
Researchers at Yale University have discovered that genetic variations are common in the body's tissues, with 30% of skin cells harboring copy number variations. This finding has significant implications for genetic screening and our understanding of human development and disease.
A Stanford/Yale study reveals that induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are not as genetically unstable as previously thought. The research found that the perceived changes in iPS cell genetic makeup were actually accurate reflections of existing, but previously undetected, genetic variations among human cells. This discovery is ...
A study by RAND Corporation found that frequent alcohol testing with swift sanctions reduced repeat DUI arrests by 12% and domestic violence arrests by 9%. The 24/7 Sobriety Project, which requires twice-a-day breathalyzer tests or continuous monitoring bracelets, has been adopted in South Dakota's counties.
A study by University of Illinois researchers found that cellphone bans in urban areas are associated with a relative decrease in accident rates after seven years. However, in very rural areas, cellphone bans were linked to higher accident rates than expected. The findings suggest that blanket bans may not be beneficial for all areas.
A new study by Rice University sociologists reveals that children living in poorer neighborhoods are nearly 30% more likely to be obese than those in more affluent areas. The research found that neighborhood poverty and lower education levels are associated with increased child obesity risk, while a higher proportion of foreign-born re...
A study by Michigan State University researchers finds that private school students in India do not outperform their counterparts in public schools. The study analyzed the reading, writing and math performance of 10,000 Indian students aged 8 to 11 and found no consistent benefit of attending a private school.
Research at Oregon State University found that diverse sources of information can aid in smart choices for young black teens. The studies identified approaches to prevention programs and emphasized the importance of collaboration between family, schools, medical clinics, churches, and other entities.
A recent study by Ohio State University found that urban coyotes living in Chicago never stray from their mates, with a remarkable 100% success rate of monogamy. This loyalty may be key to their thriving in cities, allowing them to raise large litters together with dedicated partners.
A recent study found that gestational exposure to urban air pollution is associated with lower vitamin D levels in offspring, potentially affecting their risk of developing diseases later in life. Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may have an influence on the development of asthma and allergic diseases in children.
A team of scientists from Texas A&M AgriLife Research is conducting a study to monitor fertilizer runoff and establish management practices for new turf in Central Texas. The study, sponsored by The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company, aims to understand how different fertilization and irrigation methods affect runoff volume and nutrient load.
Scientists developed a tool to identify bays with suitable habitats for resting spinner dolphins, allowing conservation efforts to focus on specific areas. The maps aim to minimize human disturbances and protect the dolphins' ability to rest, forage, and communicate effectively.
A new study finds that everyday discrimination against pregnant women of color may contribute to low birth weight babies. Women who experienced more discrimination reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, leading to babies with lower birth weights. The study suggests reducing discrimination could eliminate health disparities in b...
A global study of 154,000 individuals from 17 countries found that healthy foods are consumed more often by the wealthy, while poorer people rely on carbohydrates. The study also revealed lower levels of obligatory physical activity among the poor and higher rates of smoking among richer populations.
Researchers will survey producers and interview key stakeholders in 15 cities to examine trends in urban farming. Urban agriculture's diversity in production methods and its potential impact on community development and access to healthy food are also being studied.
A recent study published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse found that urban American Indian youth who follow traditional spiritual beliefs are less likely to use drugs and alcohol. The study's findings suggest that adherence to these beliefs is the strongest predictor of anti-drug attitudes, norms, and expectations.
New research finds that refugees experience significant mental health issues and struggle with Western cultural norms due to their traumatic past experiences. Language barriers also hinder their ability to access services, find employment, and integrate into the community.
Researchers found a strong negative effect of neighbourhood income deprivation on altruistic behaviour, with wealthier areas returning 87% of letters compared to poorer areas at 37%. This suggests that those living in poor neighbourhoods are less inclined to behave altruistically toward their neighbours.
China's transportation restrictions during the 2008 Olympics reduced carbon dioxide emissions by a significant amount. The study found that this reduction could potentially provide a substantial part of the necessary emissions cut to prevent global warming by 2 degrees Celsius.
A study by the University of Sheffield found that kitchen air quality can be hazardous, with nitrogen dioxide levels three times higher than recommended outside concentrations. The research highlights the need for more data on indoor pollutants and calls for action to improve home air quality.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that common hospital noises can disrupt patient sleep, leading to temporary elevations in heart rate. The researchers also found that electronic sounds were the most arousing, even at low volumes, and that sleep stage affected how sound impacted arousal.
A new study has mapped children's food allergies by geographical location in the US, revealing that urban centers have a higher prevalence of peanut and shellfish allergies compared to rural areas. The study controlled for household income, race, ethnicity, gender, and age, tracking food allergy prevalence in different regions.
A study by Children's National Hospital found that nearly all minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged families in urban areas had access to the internet. More than half expressed interest in receiving electronic health information from emergency departments, with email being the preferred method of delivery.
A study by Elif Izberk-Bilgin explores how Muslim consumers in Turkey perceive global brands as 'infidels' due to sociopolitical dynamics. Consumers engage in boycotts to moralize the market and promote products reflecting their values, such as gender-segregated resorts.
A recent study published in the Journal of Internal Medicine found that city center residents are almost twice as likely to develop coronary artery calcification as those living in less polluted urban and rural areas. The study also discovered that males, older participants, diabetics, and smokers face higher risks.
A new study found that common native red oak seedlings grow eight times faster in New York's Central Park due to urban heat levels. This phenomenon could have implications for changing climate and forest composition over a wide region. The research suggests that warmer temperatures, especially at night, can promote tree growth.
Studies use GIS-based research to determine how geographic location affects physical health, finding connections between walkability, access to healthy food, and obesity rates. The findings suggest that addressing environmental factors through policy changes could be an effective way to prevent childhood obesity.
Researchers tracked changes in birdsong over time and found a strong link between the shift and increasing urban noise. Birds changed their tune to be heard above the cacophony of car horns and engine rumbles, with one dialect dominating the city's song repertoire.
New research from Rice University suggests that childhood hunger policies should focus on neighborhoods rather than individual families. Children living in poverty-stricken neighborhoods with high foreign-born populations are more likely to experience hunger.
The Houston metropolitan area has become the most ethnically diverse large metropolitan area in the country, with a significant reduction in segregation over the past 20 years. The region's diversity is attributed to changes in immigration laws in 1965, which led to a substantial shift in the population's ethnic composition.
A study by Columbia University School of Nursing found that fast-food menu calorie counts are legally compliant, but the information is often unclear and difficult to interpret, particularly for low-income communities. The researchers developed a seven-item 'menu rating tool' to improve the usability of calorie postings.