Articles tagged with Urban Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study by Indiana University researcher Samuel Kye found that suburban neighborhoods with a growing number of middle-class minority residents experience high levels of white flight and segregation. Despite their affluent status, these 'ethnoburbs' have lost a steady flow of white residents over the past 20 years.
A comprehensive US study reveals that city governments closely match citizens' politics and policies, with liberal cities taxing and spending more. The research challenges the popular image of local governance being under the sway of machine politics or big-money interests.
A new study reveals striking disparities between urban First Nations individuals and the general population, highlighting elevated emergency room use, multiple barriers to healthcare access, and significant rates of chronic disease. The findings also show that geography is not the only health care barrier for First Nations people.
African-Americans with colon cancer are half as likely to have a genetic marker linked to better outcomes compared to Caucasian patients. The study also found that African-Americans are more likely to have right-sided colon cancer, which is easier to miss with screening.
Wayne State University has received a $2.4 million NIH grant to develop a cleaner, healthier environment in Detroit through its Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES) program. The program will explore the impact of environmental exposures on human health, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children an...
A new study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that infants exposed to a diverse range of bacterial species in house dust during the first year of life are less likely to develop asthma in early childhood. The study, led by UCSF researchers, suggests that immune responses may be shaped by exposures during...
A study published in JAMA Psychiatry analyzed heroin use patterns from 1970 to 2014, revealing significant changes in demographics. The findings indicate that heroin users are becoming increasingly young, urban, and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, reflecting broader societal trends.
Researchers introduced a new curriculum augmentation to teach middle school students about recognizing structural defects in trees, with hands-on and illustrated lecture styles compared. Students who received the illustrated lecture style had significantly higher scores on the posttest.
A $2.3 million study will analyze 20 Cleveland neighborhoods to understand the impact of neighborhood conditions, social services, and reporting processes on child maltreatment rates. The research aims to identify factors tied to reduced abuse and neglect, potentially highlighting new targets for interventions at the neighborhood level.
A study by Michigan State University criminologists highlights the challenges faced by black women on probation and parole in poor urban areas. They find that social isolation and limited access to resources hinder these women's ability to stay clean, sober, and stable.
A study found that primary care providers were capable of accepting new patients prior to the start of the Affordable Care Act coverage expansions, with median wait times under one week. However, Medicaid patients faced significant barriers, with only 58% of practices offering an appointment.
Dr. Christine Drennon, Director of the Urban Studies Program at Trinity University, receives the 2014 UAA-SAGE Marilyn Gittell Activist Scholar Award for her work on creating positive change in San Antonio communities. Her research has led to initiatives such as pre-K neighborhood sites and designating middle schools as service hubs.
A recent study by UT Arlington researchers found that employees using treadmill workstations burned an average of 74 more calories per day, while also becoming more productive at work. The study showed a carryover effect where exercise became a habit for employees, and had a positive impact on employee health in the fight against obesity.
During major events like elections and sporting events, social media messages are found to be significantly shorter in length as the volume of activity increases. This phenomenon is observed across various social media platforms, including Twitter, which has a character limit of 140 characters.
A new study finds that rural primary care physicians are committed to professionalism and quality improvement, contrary to common perceptions. They were more likely to participate in quality improvement activities, discuss costs of care with patients, and report having added Medicaid or uninsured patients to their patient panels.
A UC Riverside study suggests that increasing block-rate water budgets can effectively promote water use efficiency by sending a price signal to customers regarding water scarcity. The study found that average household water use decreased by 15% under the new pricing structure, while overall prices only rose 4%.
Researchers found that mathematical models describing urban growth apply to ancient societies as well. The study suggests a continuum of human settlements in time and place, allowing for more accurate population estimates and insights into social networks.
A new study found that children who grow up in well-managed households and have school engagement report fewer sexually transmitted diseases in young adulthood. The findings suggest that prevention programs should focus on family dynamics and youth development rather than just abstinence education.
A new study using social media and Foursquare tracked the movements of fashion workers in the New York metropolitan area, showing the Garment District's importance in the industry. The study found that 77% of fashion designers' trips were within the district, highlighting its role in product production.
The FDA has approved a new multiple sclerosis treatment regimen developed at Wayne State University, which involves injecting Copaxone at a higher dose but fewer times per week. The study demonstrated that this dosing regimen is effective and safe, with reduced relapse rates and improved tolerability.
Researchers found that homing pigeons memorize flight paths better in landscapes with visual complexity like rural areas with hedges. Pigeons struggle to remember routes in very open or dense environments.
A two-year study by Michigan State University's Muhammad Khalifa found that hip-hop students are unfairly targeted and disciplined more harshly than their peers. The research highlights the need for schools to adopt a more inclusive approach, allowing students to express themselves without fear of retribution.
A new study found that bed bug infestations in Philadelphia increased by 4.5% per month from 2008 to 2011, with reports peaking in August and lowest in February. The researchers mapped hotspots and suggest treating during warmer months or winter when numbers are down.
A new study by UT Arlington's landscape architecture team found that Klyde Warren Park contributes to increased property values, physical activity among park users, and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The research also showed similar benefits for the University of Texas at Dallas Campus Landscape Plan and Buffalo Bayou Promenade.
Rates of unnecessary cesarean section and non-indicated induction of labor rose more sharply at rural hospitals than urban hospitals, according to a study published in Medical Care. The differences in trends may have important implications for maternal and infant health and public health policy.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that long-term exposure to fine particles poses the greatest threat to health even within concentration ranges well below EU limits. Annual exposure to PM2•5 increases the risk of dying from natural causes by 7%.
Frequent emergency department users have substantial burden of disease, often with multiple chronic conditions and hospitalizations. Predictive modeling based on initial ED visit data can identify individuals likely to return frequently.
Researchers in Manchester explore urban environments using mobile methods and documentary strategies to document the impact of gentrification. The study considers the role of the researcher as academic, activist, and artist in shaping the research process.
Two new studies reveal that location plays a significant role in determining drowning survival rates, with rural residents facing a higher risk of drowning. The research emphasizes the need for improved water safety measures and CPR training to reduce drowning incidents.
A recent study found that feral cats in urban areas tend to avoid core activity areas of urban coyotes, which can be up to 40% of their home range. This avoidance is likely due to the threat posed by coyotes, leading to a reduced impact on wildlife in urban green spaces.
A new study reveals a sharp rise in US drug poisoning deaths by county, with both urban and rural areas experiencing significant increases. Rural areas showed a greater percentage increase in death rates, highlighting the need for targeted policies and programs to address this growing public health concern.
A new study found that the uninsured struggle to choose health insurance plans due to a lack of understanding about key terms. The research suggests that healthcare navigators can play an important role in simplifying information and improving communication to help people make informed decisions.
A study by Griffith University found that smart water meters can reduce post-meter water loss in households by up to 91% by identifying leaks and repairing them. The project identified 4% of households with suspected leaks, leading to cost savings for customers.
Researchers have fabricated an optimal organic solar cell with high transparency and efficiency, promising affordable, clean renewable energies. The cells can be integrated into buildings, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and advancing towards a greener environment.
Research found analgesic overdose deaths concentrated in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods with high divorce rates and single-parent homes. However, these deaths occurred less often in higher-income neighborhoods than heroin overdose deaths.
A Dartmouth study reveals that rural low-income children score lower on visual working memory tests, while urban counterparts perform slightly better. The research highlights a gap between verbal and visual working memories of children living in rural poverty.
A study of nearly 2,700 nonprofit hospitals found that CEO compensation averaged over $600,000 in 2009, with highest paid CEOs overseeing larger urban hospitals. The study also found that hospital patient satisfaction scores were associated with higher CEO pay, but not quality metrics.
A recent study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that rural cancer survivors are 66% more likely to forgo medical care and 54% more likely to forgo dental care because of financial concerns. This disparity suggests that health insurance coverage alone may not ensure equal access to healthcare.
A study from Henry Ford Hospital found that free head and neck cancer screenings in urban areas had a positive impact on African American communities and current smokers. The screenings also increased knowledge of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use.
A new study found that cross-ethnic friendships in urban middle schools help youths feel less vulnerable and safer. This research suggests that diverse classrooms with opportunities for students from different ethnic groups to interact can lead to reduced loneliness and victimization.
Research found that artificial lighting and noise cause blackbirds in city centers to become active earlier, starting their dawn song up to five hours before sunrise. This alters their natural cycles, affecting their ability to defend territories and interact with humans during rush hour.
A study found that active television viewing is linked to accelerated language change in Glasgow, using specific features of London English. The authors recommend further research on social interaction's role in influencing language change.
A global study led by McMaster University researchers found large differences in lung function between healthy people from different socioeconomic and geographical regions. South Asians had the lowest lung function, by 30% compared to North Americans and Europeans. The findings have important public health implications.
Researchers at Ateneo de Manila University discovered a new species of aquatic beetle in a small creek within the university's campus. The tiny insect, Hydraena ateneo, is one of 14 known species of its genus and highlights the diversity of life in urban areas.
A global study has found that many patients don't know they have hypertension and, even if they do, too few are receiving adequate drug therapy for their hypertension. The study found 46.5% of those with hypertension were aware of the diagnosis, while blood pressure was controlled among 32.5% of those being treated.
An international study found that people in high-income countries have lower risk factors for cardiovascular disease but fewer cases of serious heart conditions. In contrast, those in low-income countries face more severe cardiovascular problems despite having fewer risk factors.
A study by Robert Rudolf of Korea University found that reducing working hours has no significant impact on overall job and life satisfaction for married couples with children. Despite cutting work weeks by four hours, women face higher work-family role conflicts and rising work intensity demands, offsetting any positive effects.
A new study finds that working mothers engage in mental labor related to family matters for approximately 29 hours per week, while fathers engage in about 24 hours. Mothers experience increased stress due to societal expectations and the pressure to balance work and family responsibilities.
A recent study published in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology found that nephrologists with a lower patient caseload tend to have better survival rates among dialysis patients. For every additional 50 patients cared for by a nephrologist, patients experienced a 2% higher risk of dying within six years.
A new Canadian study found that women living in large urban areas are at a significantly higher risk of postpartum depression after five to 14 months of giving birth. The researchers suggest differences in stress, social support and history of depression may contribute to this risk.
A Canadian study found that women living in large urban areas have a higher risk of postpartum depression. The study analyzed data from 6421 women and found that urban residents had almost 10% reporting postpartum depression compared to 6% in rural areas.
Research from Penn Medicine reveals that urban counties have a lower risk of injury-related death compared to suburban and rural counties. Motor vehicle collisions were found to be the leading cause of death in both urban and rural areas.
A study found that large cities have a lower risk of injury death compared to rural areas, with a 40% higher risk of unintentional injury death in the most rural counties. The risk of firearm-related deaths varied by age and race, but was generally higher in rural areas.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University traced chronic health problems of adult inner-city women to childhood abuse and neglect. The study found that childhood trauma affects physical health in adulthood through lifetime drug dependence, smoking, and psychological distress.
A Forest Service study found that urban trees can remove fine particulate air pollution, saving lives. The study estimated the impact of urban forests on PM2.5 concentrations and associated health effects in 10 US cities.
A recent study offers a tool to identify regions exposed to multiple forest threats, including wildfires, urban development, and insects and disease. The tool uses a novel analysis technique to highlight locations where threats are more concentrated.
A new study finds that Transcendental Meditation improves graduation rates by 15%, with a greater impact on low-achieving students. The technique also reduces dropout rates and increases college acceptance.
Rural cancer survivors experience poorer health due to higher rates of smoking and lack of physical activity. The study found that 25% of rural smokers compared to 16% of urban smokers reported lower rates of regular exercise, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
A study found that testosterone therapy prescriptions increased significantly over 10 years, with 2.29% of men in their 40s and 3.75% of men in their 60s taking some form of testosterone therapy. The trend is driven by direct-to-consumer marketing campaigns and the expansion of low-T centers.
A new study reveals two beautiful and colourful species of soft corals alongside a new genus of octocorals in the North Eastern Pacific Ocean. The discovery highlights the remarkable diversity of octocorals, with around 3400 species described worldwide.