Articles tagged with Urban Studies
A study by biologists and public health experts finds that nature exposure is linked to improved human health, but the optimal dose of nature is unclear. The researchers propose a new approach to studying nature exposure through dose-response modeling, which could help develop recommendations for enhancing human health in urban areas.
A study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that rural African-American women had lower rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) and mood disorder compared to their urban counterparts. In contrast, rural non-Hispanic white women had higher rates of MDD and mood disorder. The findings suggest the need for further research into the correl...
Residents in both cities value bird enjoyment more than most, spending over average on bird food and supporting activities. This has a positive impact on local economies as residents invest in bird-friendly structures.
A randomized clinical trial found that chef-enhanced meals led to increased consumption of fruits and vegetables among elementary and middle school students. After seven months, the odds of students selecting vegetables increased significantly in schools with chef-enhanced meals.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that rural youth suicide rates are significantly higher than urban rates, with firearm deaths being the leading cause of death in both sexes. The study analyzed national mortality data from 1996 to 2010 and found that rural areas had nearly twice the number of suicides as urban areas.
Research shows that eviction from housing can result in multiple negative consequences, including depression, poorer health, and higher levels of stress. Evicted mothers are more likely to experience depression, poor child health, and material hardship, highlighting the need for eviction-prevention initiatives.
A study by University of Miami researchers found dengue virus circulating in urban areas of Ghana, with 21.6% of malaria patients tested positive for long-lasting dengue IgG antibodies, indicating lifetime exposure. The findings suggest that up to one-third of all outpatient visits could be misdiagnosed as malaria.
Hospitals participating in ACS NSQIP improve surgical outcomes, including reduced death rates, complications, and surgical site infections. Over time, these improvements continue to accumulate, enabling hospitals to prevent significant patient harm.
A UCLA-led study analyzing over 270,000 Chinese-language books found rising individualism in concert with growing urbanism, increasing wealth and higher education levels. Words like 'choose,' 'compete,' and 'innovation' demonstrated a growing prevalence of individualistic values.
A new study by Duke University found that millions of African Americans who migrated from the rural South to urban areas during the 20th century experienced a significant increase in mortality rates. The study attributed this increase to unhealthy habits such as smoking and drinking, which were more prevalent in cities.
A new study by New York University and East China Normal University found that the design of the built environment significantly affects walking and bicycling in Chinese cities. The researchers discovered that neighborhoods with better urban design, such as wider sidewalks and bike lanes, had higher rates of physical activity.
A new study found that urban areas are experiencing a significant increase in heat waves, with extreme temperatures rising by over 50% per year. The trend is more pronounced at night due to the heat island effect, which traps heat in buildings and infrastructure.
New research indicates charter schools' opponents are failing to persuade even moderate Democrats, while supporters create enduring support by highlighting non-unionized teachers and the benefits of charters in poorer districts.
A new study found a significant correlation between Medicaid reimbursement increases for primary care providers and improved appointment availability. The Affordable Care Act's fee bump resulted in a 7.7 percentage point increase in new patient appointment availability.
A Baylor University study of five large Jewish urban communities found that affiliated Jews and those attending synagogue report significantly better health than secular or non-practicing Jews. The study used data from 5,000 Jewish adults in four major population centers.
The Women of Color HIV Initiative found that urban women faced more barriers to care, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes were associated with activity limitation among study participants.
Chloride levels in urban streams have nearly doubled in two decades, exceeding toxic levels and affecting a significant number of species; winter chloride concentrations increase over the study period
A new study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found that telemedicine screening detected diabetic retinopathy in approximately 21.7% of the participants, highlighting its potential as a critical tool for patients with diabetes who face barriers to accessing regular eye care.
A study of ants in Manhattan revealed a wide range of species and significant differences in biodiversity across various urban areas. Researchers found that the type of urban habitat was more important than proximity between habitats in determining ant diversity.
A new study by the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology found that stocking emergency epinephrine in Chicago Public Schools saved the lives of 38 children and adults experiencing severe anaphylactic reactions. The majority of reactions occurred in elementary schools, primarily due to peanuts and fin fish triggers.
The Chinese power grid is facing significant challenges in modernization, including improving asset utilization rates and integrating distributed generation. According to a recent study, the annual average utilization rates of major 10kV equipment were below 40% in 40 Chinese cities, far below comparable levels in developed countries.
A study evaluated the rate of physician adherence to American Urological Association's BPH/LUTS guidelines over a five-year period. Provider adherence rates varied from 53% to 92.8%, with low rates for challenging measures like subjective symptom description and physical examination.
Four urban sections of the San Andreas Fault system have stored enough energy to produce major earthquakes, according to a new study. Three fault sections – Hayward, Rodgers Creek and Green Valley – are nearing or past their average recurrence interval, indicating they are overdue for a significant quake.
A new model for stroke care is being implemented in rural Alberta, allowing smaller hospitals to mimic the type of care typically found in larger centres. The SUEC model incorporates early supported discharge and community rehabilitation, resulting in decreased length of stay and increased patient satisfaction.
Researchers found that patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy during normal working hours were more likely to receive minimally invasive procedures. The study also revealed no significant differences in complication rates or length of stay between day and night surgeries.
According to a study by the University of the Basque Country, the mobility model is closely linked to the city's characteristics. The study found that compact towns and cities have lower private vehicle use, better public transport offers lead to less car usage, and higher per capita income is associated with greater private car use. T...
A recent study found that standardized testing is a major contributor to teacher turnover, with many educators leaving the profession due to frustration with high-stakes testing. The study's findings suggest that a culture of high-stakes testing can lead to demoralization among teachers and a lack of quality instruction time.
Research shows that mothers living in greener neighborhoods are more likely to deliver at full term and their babies are born at higher weights. The study controlled for factors such as air pollution and neighborhood walkability.
A new study from Penn Medicine found that patients with sepsis who are treated at high-volume hospitals have a 36% increase in their odds of inpatient survival compared to those treated at lower-volume hospitals. The study suggests that regionalized severe sepsis care centers may improve outcomes for critically ill patients.
A seven-year study of nearly half a million people in China found that daily fruit consumption significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease and stroke. The more fruit eaten, the lower the CVD risk, with significant reductions also seen in blood pressure.
A large international study found that low-income countries with lower risk factors for cardiovascular problems have higher rates of cardiovascular events and death. The quality of healthcare is crucial in reducing heart disease rates, according to the study.
Researchers studied century-old museum specimens to understand how climate change will impact a common tree pest. They found that scale insect populations increased in warmer urban areas and are also rising in rural forests, suggesting cities may be a preview of what to expect elsewhere.
A recent study by Indiana University researcher Samuel Kye found that suburban neighborhoods with a growing number of middle-class minority residents experience high levels of white flight and segregation. Despite their affluent status, these 'ethnoburbs' have lost a steady flow of white residents over the past 20 years.
A comprehensive US study reveals that city governments closely match citizens' politics and policies, with liberal cities taxing and spending more. The research challenges the popular image of local governance being under the sway of machine politics or big-money interests.
A new study reveals striking disparities between urban First Nations individuals and the general population, highlighting elevated emergency room use, multiple barriers to healthcare access, and significant rates of chronic disease. The findings also show that geography is not the only health care barrier for First Nations people.
African-Americans with colon cancer are half as likely to have a genetic marker linked to better outcomes compared to Caucasian patients. The study also found that African-Americans are more likely to have right-sided colon cancer, which is easier to miss with screening.
Wayne State University has received a $2.4 million NIH grant to develop a cleaner, healthier environment in Detroit through its Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES) program. The program will explore the impact of environmental exposures on human health, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children an...
A new study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that infants exposed to a diverse range of bacterial species in house dust during the first year of life are less likely to develop asthma in early childhood. The study, led by UCSF researchers, suggests that immune responses may be shaped by exposures during...
A study published in JAMA Psychiatry analyzed heroin use patterns from 1970 to 2014, revealing significant changes in demographics. The findings indicate that heroin users are becoming increasingly young, urban, and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, reflecting broader societal trends.
Researchers introduced a new curriculum augmentation to teach middle school students about recognizing structural defects in trees, with hands-on and illustrated lecture styles compared. Students who received the illustrated lecture style had significantly higher scores on the posttest.
A $2.3 million study will analyze 20 Cleveland neighborhoods to understand the impact of neighborhood conditions, social services, and reporting processes on child maltreatment rates. The research aims to identify factors tied to reduced abuse and neglect, potentially highlighting new targets for interventions at the neighborhood level.
A study by Michigan State University criminologists highlights the challenges faced by black women on probation and parole in poor urban areas. They find that social isolation and limited access to resources hinder these women's ability to stay clean, sober, and stable.
A study found that primary care providers were capable of accepting new patients prior to the start of the Affordable Care Act coverage expansions, with median wait times under one week. However, Medicaid patients faced significant barriers, with only 58% of practices offering an appointment.
Dr. Christine Drennon, Director of the Urban Studies Program at Trinity University, receives the 2014 UAA-SAGE Marilyn Gittell Activist Scholar Award for her work on creating positive change in San Antonio communities. Her research has led to initiatives such as pre-K neighborhood sites and designating middle schools as service hubs.
A recent study by UT Arlington researchers found that employees using treadmill workstations burned an average of 74 more calories per day, while also becoming more productive at work. The study showed a carryover effect where exercise became a habit for employees, and had a positive impact on employee health in the fight against obesity.
During major events like elections and sporting events, social media messages are found to be significantly shorter in length as the volume of activity increases. This phenomenon is observed across various social media platforms, including Twitter, which has a character limit of 140 characters.
A new study finds that rural primary care physicians are committed to professionalism and quality improvement, contrary to common perceptions. They were more likely to participate in quality improvement activities, discuss costs of care with patients, and report having added Medicaid or uninsured patients to their patient panels.
A UC Riverside study suggests that increasing block-rate water budgets can effectively promote water use efficiency by sending a price signal to customers regarding water scarcity. The study found that average household water use decreased by 15% under the new pricing structure, while overall prices only rose 4%.
Researchers found that mathematical models describing urban growth apply to ancient societies as well. The study suggests a continuum of human settlements in time and place, allowing for more accurate population estimates and insights into social networks.
A new study found that children who grow up in well-managed households and have school engagement report fewer sexually transmitted diseases in young adulthood. The findings suggest that prevention programs should focus on family dynamics and youth development rather than just abstinence education.
A new study using social media and Foursquare tracked the movements of fashion workers in the New York metropolitan area, showing the Garment District's importance in the industry. The study found that 77% of fashion designers' trips were within the district, highlighting its role in product production.
The FDA has approved a new multiple sclerosis treatment regimen developed at Wayne State University, which involves injecting Copaxone at a higher dose but fewer times per week. The study demonstrated that this dosing regimen is effective and safe, with reduced relapse rates and improved tolerability.
Researchers found that homing pigeons memorize flight paths better in landscapes with visual complexity like rural areas with hedges. Pigeons struggle to remember routes in very open or dense environments.
A two-year study by Michigan State University's Muhammad Khalifa found that hip-hop students are unfairly targeted and disciplined more harshly than their peers. The research highlights the need for schools to adopt a more inclusive approach, allowing students to express themselves without fear of retribution.
A new study found that bed bug infestations in Philadelphia increased by 4.5% per month from 2008 to 2011, with reports peaking in August and lowest in February. The researchers mapped hotspots and suggest treating during warmer months or winter when numbers are down.
A new study by UT Arlington's landscape architecture team found that Klyde Warren Park contributes to increased property values, physical activity among park users, and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The research also showed similar benefits for the University of Texas at Dallas Campus Landscape Plan and Buffalo Bayou Promenade.
Rates of unnecessary cesarean section and non-indicated induction of labor rose more sharply at rural hospitals than urban hospitals, according to a study published in Medical Care. The differences in trends may have important implications for maternal and infant health and public health policy.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that long-term exposure to fine particles poses the greatest threat to health even within concentration ranges well below EU limits. Annual exposure to PM2•5 increases the risk of dying from natural causes by 7%.
Frequent emergency department users have substantial burden of disease, often with multiple chronic conditions and hospitalizations. Predictive modeling based on initial ED visit data can identify individuals likely to return frequently.
Researchers in Manchester explore urban environments using mobile methods and documentary strategies to document the impact of gentrification. The study considers the role of the researcher as academic, activist, and artist in shaping the research process.