E-cigarette use among adults
E-cigarette use persisted among young adults aged 18-24, with 71.5% of those who used e-cigarettes never having used combustible cigarettes. This finding highlights the need for targeted public health policies.
Behaviorism
Articles tagged with Behaviorism
Racial and ethnic disparities in glycemic control among insured adults
A study of 4,070 insured adults with diabetes found persistent disparities in poor glycemic control, even after adjusting for social, healthcare, and behavioral factors. The research highlights the need for further investigation into the barriers contributing to these disparities.
Vulnerability of older adults to government impersonation scams
A behavioral experiment involving 644 older adults found that many are susceptible to government impersonation scams, including those without cognitive impairment. The study highlights the need for awareness and education among this demographic to prevent such scams.
Incidence of diabetes among youth before and during the pandemic
The study found that type 1 diabetes incidence slightly increased overall, while type 2 diabetes significantly increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic youth were disproportionately affected.
Sedentary behavior and incident dementia among older adults
A large study found that more time spent in sedentary behaviors was significantly associated with a higher incidence of all-cause dementia among older adults. The study, which included 49,000 adults aged 60 or older, suggests a potential causal link between sedentary behavior and dementia risk.
Use of wearable activity trackers to improve patient physical activity, other outcomes in adults who are hospitalized
Interventions with wearable activity trackers increased physical activity levels, reduced sedentary behavior, and improved physical functioning in hospitalized adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 studies and 1,900 participants supports the use of wearable technology to enhance patient outcomes.
Family-based behavioral treatment for childhood obesity implemented in pediatric primary care
A new family-based treatment approach for childhood obesity has been successfully implemented in pediatric primary care settings, leading to improved weight outcomes over 24 months. The treatment's effectiveness was found to extend beyond the treated child, with siblings also experiencing improvements in weight.
Association of adverse childhood experiences with accelerated epigenetic aging in midlife
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open explores the association between adverse childhood experiences and epigenetic aging in midlife. The research found that early life experiences can accelerate biological aging, which may contribute to various health outcomes in middle-age adults.
Financial toxicity and quality of life among partners of colorectal cancer survivors
Partners of colorectal cancer survivors experience long-term financial toxicity leading to worse health-related quality of life. Multilevel interventions are needed to address individual and systemic factors affecting both patients and their partners.
Daily step counts before, after onset of COVID-19
A study found a consistent and widespread decline in activity following the onset of COVID-19 in the US, with vulnerable populations at higher risk. The researchers discovered that even after most COVID-19-related restrictions were relaxed, daily step counts persisted at a lower level.
“It’s me!” fish recognizes itself in photographs
A study by Osaka Metropolitan University found that fish recognize themselves in photographs based on their faces, not bodies. The cleaner fish attacked photos with unfamiliar faces but not their own, indicating a higher sense of self awareness.
Examining acoustic cry characteristics in preterm infants and developmental, behavioral outcomes at age 2
Researchers investigated acoustic cry characteristics in preterm infants, finding a potential link to developmental delays. The study of 363 preterm infants suggests that early identification of risk for long-term outcomes may be possible through acoustic analysis.
Perceptions of stress, mood associated with listening to music during COVID-19 lockdown
A recent study of 711 adults found that listening to music significantly reduced stress levels and improved mood during the COVID-19 lockdown. The research suggests that music listening was particularly beneficial for individuals with elevated chronic stress during the pandemic, providing a mental health coping mechanism.
Risk factors associated with SARS-Cov-2, rhinovirus test positivity in Washington state
The study analyzed 23,000 symptomatic individuals in King County, Washington, from June 2020 to July 2022. It found shifts in reported symptoms between SARS-CoV-2 variants and persistent racial and sociodemographic disparities in rhinovirus infection.
Effect of front-of-package information, fruit imagery, sugar warning on parent beverage choices for children
A randomized clinical trial found that adding sugar warnings and prohibitions on front-of-package claims reduced parents' purchases of high-sugar beverages. However, percentage juice disclosures had no effect on behavior.
Estimated global proportions of individuals with persistent fatigue, cognitive, and respiratory symptom clusters after COVID-19
A study modeling 1.2 million individuals found 6.2% experienced at least one Long COVID symptom cluster within three months of acute infection. Risk was higher in females and those requiring hospitalization for initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially ICU care.
Holding pharmaceutical, medical device executives accountable as responsible corporate officers
A recent study by JAMA Internal Medicine calls for federal prosecutors to take a tougher stance on holding corporate executives accountable for problematic behavior. The Park doctrine aims to protect patients from unsafe medical products, but its implementation has been lacking, putting public health at risk.
New pediatric investigation study explores how active parent participation can improve neonatal health and reduce parental stress
A new study explores how active parent participation can improve neonatal health and reduce parental stress. The study found that cultural attitudes, collaboration between medical staff and parents, and availability of equipment are key factors in enabling parent-infant closeness.
Association of direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs with consumer health-related intentions, beliefs
Researchers examined association between direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs and consumer intentions and beliefs related to cardiovascular disease risk. The study found that DTCA may influence consumer attitudes and decisions regarding medication use.
Changes in smoking cessation–related behaviors during pandemic
The prevalence of past-year quit attempts among adult smokers decreased in 2020, while nicotine replacement therapy sales dropped. This suggests that reengaging smokers who faced negative outcomes during the pandemic should be a priority for quit attempt assistance.
Adults’ beliefs about harassing or threatening public health officials during pandemic
A survey of 1,086 adults found that negative views towards harassing public health officials increased from November 2020 to July-August 2021. Higher earners and those with more education were more likely to hold such views.
Splits and mergers: Investigating the role of policy disagreements in party switching using a Japanese example
A Japanese study reveals that policy disagreement and politicization led to the split of Japan's largest opposition party in 2017. The researchers found that traditional DIF analysis failed to capture the complexity of party positions, but a corrected version showed strong discord over defense policy.
Researchers sharpen Cupid’s aim on dating apps with new algorithm
Researchers developed an algorithm to improve matching efficiency, considering user preferences and behavior. The new algorithm shows improved results in field experiments, with at least 27% more matches than the current one.
More decisive people tend to be more confident in their judgments than those who second-guess themselves, despite not actually making better decisions
Research found that decisive people are more confident in their judgments than those who second-guess themselves. The study discovered a link between action control and post-decisional metacognitive bias, suggesting that individual differences play a crucial role in decision-making.
Physicians’ experiences with mistreatment, discrimination by patients, families, visitors, association with burnout
A study of 6,500 physicians found that mistreatment and discriminatory behaviors by patients, families, and visitors are common, especially among female and minority physicians. The findings suggest an association between these experiences and higher rates of burnout.
Examining association of suicidal thoughts, gun ownership
Researchers investigated patterns of reported suicidal thoughts, planning, and behavior among firearm owners compared to non-owners. The study found a significant association between gun ownership and increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Association of food marketing with eating behaviors of children, adolescents
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 96 studies found a strong association between food marketing and eating behaviors in children and adolescents. The study suggests that food marketing may play a significant role in shaping the dietary preferences and consumption habits of young people.
Attitudes, beliefs associated with COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy
A recent study examined COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among pregnant women, finding associations with maternal anxiety, trust in healthcare providers, and socioeconomic status. The research provides valuable information for healthcare providers and policymakers seeking to improve vaccination rates during pregnancy.
Scientists persevere to show self-awareness is also for some fish
Researchers provide additional evidence that cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus have Mirror Self-Recognition (MSR), passing the mark test with 94% positive result. The study addresses criticisms by using ecologically relevant marks and testing visual recognition of mirror images.
"Doomscrolling" through just a few minutes of COVID-related news brings you down, but reading about COVID-related kind acts does not
Research suggests that brief exposure to COVID-related social media content can have negative emotional consequences, whereas reading about kind acts during the pandemic does not. The study found that individuals who engaged in 'kindness-scrolling' experienced improved mental health and well-being.
Disparities in COVID-19 exposures, preventive behaviors among Black, hispanic adults in an urban setting
A survey study of adults in a large U.S. city found that public health messaging improved COVID-19 preventive behaviors over time, but lagged among Hispanic participants who were at higher risk for infection and less likely to receive stimulus checks. Black adults also showed disparities in preventive behaviors.
Suicide-related emergency department encounters among children, teens during pandemic
Researchers found a significant increase in suicidal thoughts and behaviors among children and teens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency department encounters for these individuals also saw a substantial rise, highlighting the need for improved mental health support services.
What was B.F. Skinner really like? A new study parses his traits
A new study analyzes B.F. Skinner's traits, revealing a highly conscientious and open individual who scored high in neuroticism and extroversion. Contrary to his radical behaviorist views, the researchers found that Skinner was charming, funny, and creative.