Articles tagged with Behaviorism
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A cohort study of 47,000 adults found that males had a 63% greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to females after adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors. The study suggests intrinsic biological factors, such as sex hormones or immune response, may contribute to these sex differences in mortality.
A recent study found that the RSVpreF vaccine does not pose a significant risk to pregnant women, providing reassurance for those who wish to be vaccinated. The interim report presents data from a large cohort of pregnancies with vaccine-seeking behavior, and results suggest no notable adverse effects.
Researchers found large language models susceptible to malicious input manipulation, leading to potentially hazardous health recommendations. The study highlights the need for robustness testing and regulatory oversight before clinical deployment of these AI tools.
A study found that parental anhedonic depressive symptoms are associated with a reduced neural response in children to positive and negative feedback. This suggests a specific risk factor for developing depression in children of parents with this symptom, potentially impacting their ability to engage in activities.
A 1-week social media detox in young adults was associated with reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The study's findings suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of reducing social media use for mental health concerns.
Approximately 1 in 30 clinical trials were disrupted due to grant funding terminations, disproportionately affecting infectious disease and prevention studies. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable financial support to ensure trial operations and participant safety.
A large genetic study found associations between cannabis use and various traits, including psychiatric disorders, cognitive measures, and physical health problems. The study identified two genes, CADM2 and GRM3, linked to lifetime cannabis use and frequency of use.
The VasCog-2-WSO criteria update provide operationalization and guidance on neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers for VCID diagnosis. This new standard aims to facilitate diagnostic consistency among clinicians and researchers worldwide.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 trials found GLP-1 RAs significantly improved glycemic and weight outcomes in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes or obesity. However, gastrointestinal adverse effects warrant attention in long-term management.
A cohort study found an association between parental diseases of despair and youth suicidal events, suggesting a potential underlying factor in the increase in adolescent suicidal behavior. Improved access to care for parents with these conditions may help reduce the adolescent suicide rate.
Younger adults with prediabetes are at increased risk of mortality, highlighting the importance of age-specific interventions and targeted prevention programs. Lifestyle behaviors and limited health care access contribute to this risk, underscoring the need for flexible and accessible diabetes prevention options.
A UTEP study found that drinking coffee at night increases impulsive behavior in fruit flies, particularly females. The researchers discovered that caffeine consumed after dark led to reckless flying despite aversive conditions, suggesting potential negative implications for shift workers and others who consume coffee late.
A new study from the University of Missouri School of Medicine found that pre-surgical behavioral evaluations can improve patient outcomes after orthopedic surgery. By identifying and addressing potential barriers to recovery, patients are more likely to follow post-operative plans and achieve successful outcomes.
A new study found that extending Medicaid coverage for 12 months after birth improved access to medical and behavioral health services. This expansion may help mitigate adverse outcomes, including chronic condition management.
Researchers identified five distinct patterns of disordered eating behaviors among college students, linked to anxiety, distress tolerance, and alcohol use. The study challenges the idea that disordered eating only exists in extreme forms, suggesting a need for customized support systems.
A study identified distinct trajectories of addictive social media, mobile phone, and video game use in US youths, finding links to increased suicidal ideation and worse mental health outcomes. The research suggests that high or increasing addictive screen use may warrant further clinical evaluation and intervention design.
A 12-week randomized clinical trial shows varenicline combined with behavioral counseling effectively increased vaping abstinence in youth who vape nicotine but do not regularly smoke tobacco. This study provides hope for a novel treatment approach to help combat the growing youth vaping epidemic.
A new study found that sports gambling frequency is associated with the trajectory of alcohol-related problems over time. Screening and treatment interventions are recommended for this high-risk group to prevent further problems.
The study found that the prevalence of adults with diabetes did not significantly change between 2013 and 2023. However, glycemic control among those with diagnosed disease worsened, particularly among young adults. This trend is concerning due to its potential impact on lifetime risk of cardiovascular events.
Researchers found significant disparities in behavioral flag incidence among racially and socioeconomically marginalized pediatric patients. Black or African American patients younger than 8 years were disproportionately affected.
A Finnish cohort study found that higher physical activity and lower screen time in childhood are associated with reduced perceived stress and depressive symptoms in adolescence. The findings emphasize the importance of promoting physical activity and reducing screen time to support mental health in youth.
A cohort study reveals a robust association between headache diagnoses and suicidal behavior, highlighting the importance of behavioral health evaluation and treatment for these patients. The findings suggest that patients with headache diagnoses should be screened for suicidal ideation and provided with appropriate support.
A new study finds growing public support for innovative eco-social policies in the US, including reducing working hours and providing universal basic services. Individuals with higher privilege levels and those engaging in sufficiency behaviors show stronger support for these policies.
A randomized clinical trial found that a brief outpatient rehabilitation program improved physical function in patients with post-COVID condition. The intervention showed sustained benefits over time, with negligible adverse effects.
Population-level improvements in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels slowed, while adverse trends in glucose levels accelerated in more recent US birth cohorts. Public health initiatives targeting antecedent health behaviors are needed to improve cardiometabolic health across generations.
A randomized clinical trial shows cognitive behavioral therapy for prolonged grief outperforms present-centered therapy in treating comorbid symptoms, while both treatments demonstrate effectiveness and acceptability. The findings suggest potential for dissemination and increased patient choice.
A US cohort study found that prenatal cannabis exposure was associated with differences in executive function and aggressive behavior in children at age 5. The study's results may inform clinical recommendations on cannabis use during pregnancy.
A cross-sectional study reveals a significant risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among autistic transgender and gender-nonconforming US college students. The study emphasizes the importance of providing targeted support to address this issue.
Children worldwide fail to meet WHO guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, highlighting the need for effective context-specific programs. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding factors influencing these behaviors in young children.
A randomized clinical trial found that a voice-activated cognitive behavioral therapy program improved insomnia symptoms in breast cancer survivors. The intervention, delivered in an in-home setting, demonstrated efficacy in reducing sleep disturbances and enhancing overall quality of life.
A third of living former professional football players reported perceived chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) associated with an increased prevalence of suicidality. Men with CTE had cognitive impairment and more health problems compared to those without CTE, highlighting a novel risk factor for suicidality.
A randomized clinical trial shows that transitioning insomnia care away from long-term sedatives to cognitive behavioral therapy can be achieved through a mailed, direct-to-patient approach. This method reduces sedative use and improves sleep outcomes in older adults.
A randomized controlled trial found erenumab injections significantly improved medication overuse headache remission rates and reduced acute migraine treatment days in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headaches. The study suggests that erenumab can be a simplified treatment option for MOH patients.
Parents who practice proper firearm handling and teach their children to shoot are more likely to store firearms unlocked and loaded, highlighting a potential association between responsible behavior and decreased risk of injury. This study underscores the importance of secure storage practices in reducing firearm-related risks.
A post hoc analysis found semaglutide treatment did not increase the risk of developing depression or suicidal ideation and was associated with a small reduction in depressive symptoms. Monitoring for mental health concerns is essential for individuals with obesity to receive proper support and care.
A randomized study found that individuals with cash benefits had significantly reduced emergency department visits and hospital admissions. The study suggests that policies addressing poverty through income support may have a positive impact on health and access to care.
A cohort study found that a healthy prenatal dietary pattern was linked to reduced risk of autism diagnosis and social communication difficulties in offspring. Adherence to this dietary pattern was not significantly associated with reduced restrictive and repetitive behaviors.
A population-level study found no increase in neonatal and infant mortality rates during the initial COVID-19 pandemic period. However, social distancing measures were linked to higher preterm birth rates with a lag period.
A short-term reduction in leisure-time screen media use within families was found to positively affect psychological symptoms of children and adolescents. This effect was particularly notable in mitigating internalizing behavioral issues and enhancing prosocial behavior.
A web-based cognitive behavioral self-help intervention effectively decreases eating disorder symptoms in individuals with bulimia nervosa, reducing illness-related burden. The digital intervention has potential as a complement to established treatments for bulimia nervosa.
The USPSTF recommends providing or referring children and adolescents with a high body mass index (BMI) to comprehensive behavioral interventions. Approximately 19.7% of US children aged 2-19 have a BMI at or above the 95th percentile, with higher prevalence among Hispanic/Latino, Native American/Alaska Native, and lower-income families.
The study found that 1 in 5 children and adolescents experience excess weight, with rates varying by region. Excess weight is linked to multiple factors, including inherent, behavioral, environmental, and sociocultural influences.
The FTC brought about enforcement actions against pharmaceutical manufacturers from 2000-2022, pursuing a small fraction of estimated misconduct in the market. A rule defining 'unfair methods of competition' remains untested, potentially allowing the FTC to more effectively prevent repetitive anticompetitive behavior.
Text messaging and bulk ordering can significantly increase mammogram completion rates for breast cancer screening outreach. The study found that these interventions are effective in improving adherence to recommended screening guidelines.
A study of 303 early childhood children found concussion associated with more postconcussive symptoms than typical development up to three months after injury. The study used developmentally appropriate manifestations and behaviors to track postconcussive symptoms and aid in concussion diagnosis in young children.
Adolescents with high adverse childhood experiences showed improved mental health scores with in-person schooling and engaging in healthy behaviors. Positive affect and lower perceived stress were significantly higher among those with in-person schooling, suggesting a protective factor.
A recent study found that Black adults exposed to gun violence were more likely to experience lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior. The research highlights the need for public health efforts to reduce both gun violence and suicide among this vulnerable population.
In a randomized clinical trial of 1,068 smokers, electronic cigarettes were shown to be as effective as varenicline in aiding smoking cessation, while being more effective than nicotine chewing gum. The study suggests that e-cigarettes may offer a viable alternative for quitting smoking with minimal behavioral support.
Persistent withdrawn and somatic symptoms in adolescence increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in mid-adolescence. The study found that these symptoms persist or increase over time to be particularly concerning for suicidal risk.
Women with perinatal depression are at a heightened risk of suicidal behavior, particularly in the first year after diagnosis, with persistent elevations throughout 18 years of follow-up. The study emphasizes the need for vigilant clinical monitoring to support this vulnerable group.
E-cigarette use persisted among young adults aged 18-24, with 71.5% of those who used e-cigarettes never having used combustible cigarettes. This finding highlights the need for targeted public health policies.
A study of 4,070 insured adults with diabetes found persistent disparities in poor glycemic control, even after adjusting for social, healthcare, and behavioral factors. The research highlights the need for further investigation into the barriers contributing to these disparities.
A behavioral experiment involving 644 older adults found that many are susceptible to government impersonation scams, including those without cognitive impairment. The study highlights the need for awareness and education among this demographic to prevent such scams.
The study found that type 1 diabetes incidence slightly increased overall, while type 2 diabetes significantly increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic youth were disproportionately affected.
A large study found that more time spent in sedentary behaviors was significantly associated with a higher incidence of all-cause dementia among older adults. The study, which included 49,000 adults aged 60 or older, suggests a potential causal link between sedentary behavior and dementia risk.
Interventions with wearable activity trackers increased physical activity levels, reduced sedentary behavior, and improved physical functioning in hospitalized adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 studies and 1,900 participants supports the use of wearable technology to enhance patient outcomes.
A new family-based treatment approach for childhood obesity has been successfully implemented in pediatric primary care settings, leading to improved weight outcomes over 24 months. The treatment's effectiveness was found to extend beyond the treated child, with siblings also experiencing improvements in weight.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open explores the association between adverse childhood experiences and epigenetic aging in midlife. The research found that early life experiences can accelerate biological aging, which may contribute to various health outcomes in middle-age adults.
Partners of colorectal cancer survivors experience long-term financial toxicity leading to worse health-related quality of life. Multilevel interventions are needed to address individual and systemic factors affecting both patients and their partners.
A study found a consistent and widespread decline in activity following the onset of COVID-19 in the US, with vulnerable populations at higher risk. The researchers discovered that even after most COVID-19-related restrictions were relaxed, daily step counts persisted at a lower level.