Research on how people make decisions. Covers workplace food choices, medication risk trade-offs, and treatment selection in mental health.
The new tool helps decision makers utilize long-range forecasts by explaining and evaluating their performance. It allows users to customize evaluations based on lead-times, seasons, and locations relevant to their specific needs.
A new study found that error encouragement training improves performance for individuals with higher intelligence, openness to experience, and conscientiousness. In contrast, those with lower abilities benefit from error-avoidance training, which leads to higher self-confidence and better performance.
A University of Florida study found a significant generation gap in beliefs about the right to die, with grandparents more likely to believe in individual choice and family members' autonomy. Women were also more likely to support family members' decisions, while strong religious views were less supportive.
A University of Michigan study found that brains detect wins and losses within a third of a second, triggering subsequent decision-making. The research suggests that losses loom larger than gains in the brain's neural activity, influencing future choices.
A study found that surgeons rarely offer women a choice between mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery, despite medical appropriateness. Women's perceptions of receiving a choice differ significantly from surgeons' perceptions, with female surgeons focusing on security and male surgeons prioritizing femininity.
The study found that physician judgment had a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 26% for the Ottawa rules, and 80% and 59% for the Leiden rule. With structured data collection, physicians' judgment was similar to existing ankle rules in terms of sensitivity and ability to safely reduce radiographic examinations.
A study found that patients who received qualitative descriptions of drug side-effects overestimated their risk, while those with quantitative descriptions made more accurate assessments. The results suggest that the EU's use of qualitative descriptions for risk bands may lead to poor decision-making among patients.
A standard decision-making framework is being developed to formalise regulatory bodies' assessment of safety cases, reducing subjective judgements. Deconstruction, a technique from French philosopher Derrida, will be used to find meanings in texts that authors did not intend, improving the accuracy of decisions.
A study published by Dr. Dean Shibata found that people's brains use both rational and emotional parts when making personal decisions. When asked to choose between options, the ventromedial frontal lobe showed increased activity in the brain.
Researchers found that people are more willing to take risks when confident in their knowledge and less likely to do so when unsure. This discovery has significant implications for various decision-making processes.
The AAAS jobs survey shows a 7% increase in median salaries for U.S. life scientists between May 2000 and May 2001, with real average weekly earnings outperforming raises for many other jobs. However, women earn nearly one-third less than men, with significant gaps in non-academic settings.
The Cornell Institute for Research on Children (CIRC) aims to bridge the gap between scientists and decision-makers. CIRC will conduct multidisciplinary research on policy-relevant questions related to children, informing better-informed decisions.
Researchers at Dartmouth/VA reveal that operative mortality for major surgery varies significantly by procedure and patient age. Elderly patients face two- to four-fold higher mortality risks than younger patients, highlighting the need for more realistic estimates in decision-making.
Researchers examine dam removal's effects on rivers, considering ecological, engineering, social and legal perspectives. The symposium explores how dam removal affects nutrient flow, habitat, and flood patterns, highlighting the need for better restoration strategies.
Researchers develop AI-powered system to provide real-time characterization of ice buildup on wings, enhancing pilot decision-making and aircraft stability. The smart ice-management system aims to improve safety for pilots flying in severe icing conditions.
Researchers at UCSF have identified a fundamental decision-making unit in cells that integrates multiple signals to initiate cell movement. This protein, N-WASP, relies on cooperative action between two signal molecules to trigger actin polymerization and drive cell movement.
The Knowledge Wall is an ONR-funded concept using commercial technology to display relevant data on a single wall. It was installed onboard the USS CORONADO, addressing issues faced by naval decision-makers.
A study suggests that people are more likely to vote if they actively dislike a presidential candidate, but only if there is a preferred candidate to support. The research, based on nationwide survey data from 1972 to 1988, found that voters form impressions about candidates similarly to those in other areas of life.
Canadian physicians consider whether adolescents should be allowed to make health care decisions, citing the concept of proportionality and competency. Most adolescents are deemed capable of making competent health care decisions, warranting respect for their autonomy.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that auditors tend to make more objective decisions than salespeople due to their legal liability. However, when salespeople are held accountable for their decisions, their bias is reduced. The study suggests that making decisions based on facts rather than personal biases can lead to bet...
Oregon Health & Science University researchers will study why patients choose to die at home, exploring factors like decision-making process and patient pain concerns. The study aims to enhance understanding of the factors affecting end-of-life care delivery.
A study found that auditors and salespersons distort information to support their preferred decisions, with auditors showing less distortion than salespersons. Holding professionals accountable lowered distortion for salespersons, but not for auditors.
Researchers at the University of Illinois are developing interactive, three-dimensional displays to visualize the complex data associated with the power system network. These tools aim to facilitate informed, fast decision-making in electricity markets, where congestion can affect thousands of elements and power transfers.
Researchers found that two-thirds of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions were given to patients with negative throat cultures. Inaccurate diagnoses and lack of immediate diagnostic tools contribute to the problem. Experts blame current diagnostic methods and advocate for improved solutions.
Research suggests that expert physicians use data-driven heuristics for routine problems, while hypothesis-driven strategies are employed for complex cases. These strategies are error-prone, with serious consequences for inadequate knowledge, and hinder efficient decision making.
A study using cognitive task analysis aims to develop more effective computer systems in healthcare by understanding human decision-making processes. The analysis focuses on skills, strategies, and problems of physicians dealing with complex decision situations.
The article highlights the need for synergy between the Internet and evidence-based decision-making in healthcare, citing examples like the Cochrane Collaboration. The authors argue that technological advancements will enable multisensory modes of communication and ubiquitous computing, revolutionizing health initiatives.
A Yale study reveals that postmenopausal women's ovaries are often removed during hysterectomy due to geographical location and surgeon experience, sparking concerns about informed consent. The research highlights significant variation in oophorectomy rates across different areas of the state and among surgeons with varying caseloads.
A study of 292 breast cancer survivors found that involvement in decision-making about follow-up tests improved physical and emotional health, but did not affect post-cancer survival rates. Leading cancer experts recommend mammography and clinical breast exams instead.
A new study forecasts movie performance for domestic and international markets using a Bayesian model that examines information like star quality, past film performance, and screen numbers. The model provides accurate updates as sales figures come in to help plan better marketing activities.
The study found that African-American and white patients rated their same-race physician visits as more participatory, while patients of female physicians also reported higher levels of involvement. Better health outcomes can be achieved through increased minority physicians and cross-cultural communication training.
Researchers found that Japanese students used an intuitive process to make decisions, while Americans relied on 'number-crunching' and careful information processing. The study suggests that cultural differences play a significant role in influencing how people make decisions, with implications for global business.
Researchers have developed a new approach to solve multi-objective groundwater remediation problems, allowing decision-makers to weigh conflicting objectives like risk and cost. The Niched Pareto procedure will enable the creation of tradeoff curves to guide decision-making towards optimal solutions.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that intervention and participation techniques led to successful decisions 90% of the time, but were used in only 13% and 16% of cases respectively. Meanwhile, managers relied on less effective tactics like issuing edicts, which was used in nearly 40% of cases.
Research shows that patient choice significantly impacts surgical rates, with significant variation among geographic units. Shared decision-making strategies can reduce demand for discretionary care by up to 40%, according to studies.
A study by Ohio State University researcher Paul Nutt found that business decisions often fail, with about half resulting in no implementation and 50% being partially used. Managers can improve decision-making by involving those affected and using effective tactics.
Researchers found that younger medical professionals advocated greater patient input for 75-year-olds compared to 25-year-olds. Meanwhile, older faculty members suggested more autonomy for 25-year-old patients, despite the fact that younger patients often want less decision-making authority.