Researchers found that Indomethacin keeps phosphate levels normalized without causing life-threatening complications, offering a potential treatment alternative to conventional therapies for X-linked hypophosphatemia.
Donepezil has been shown to improve cognitive function in vascular dementia patients, while a study found that brain volume loss can predict Alzheimer's disease. However, a clinical trial of topiramate in ALS patients found no benefits and an increased risk of adverse events.
A Canadian study found that appreciation and emotional reactiveness to humor doesn't change with age. However, the ability to comprehend more complex forms of humor diminishes in later years due to decreased cognitive abilities. Older adults still enjoy a good laugh but struggle with understanding nuanced humor.
Biologists at Rice University are investigating the genetic and environmental factors behind Chinese tallow trees' success in Texas. The research aims to understand how the trees' low defenses against insects contribute to their rapid growth and success as an invasive species.
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have identified a key finding about how donor kidneys adapt to new bodies. By analyzing gene expression patterns, the study found that donor kidneys can develop protective processes that shield them from the recipient's immune system, potentially reducing rejection rates and improving transplant outcomes.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that divalproex improved mood and behavioral disorders in over 78% of at-risk children. The medication may delay or prevent the onset of bipolar disorder, offering an alternative treatment option.
A WSU ecologist's research shows that induction of plant resistance to pathogens can also make plants more susceptible to certain insects. Salicylate, a natural plant chemical, plays a key role in this phenomenon.
Researchers discovered that visually impaired individuals like Michael May struggle with object and face recognition due to delayed development of these processes. Despite challenges, May has made progress in interpreting motion and shading cues, adapting to his new visual world.
A group of polyphenols found in red wine and vegetables have been shown to activate sirtuins, enzymes that help cells survive environmental stresses and may promote longevity. These molecules, called STACs, were found to stimulate human sirtuin SIRT1, increasing cell survival rates.
Young adults who experienced major depressive disorder during adolescence showed pervasive impairments by mid-20s. They struggled with work performance, social difficulties, and low physical well-being. The study emphasizes the importance of preventing depression in adolescence through effective interventions.
A new study found that managers who supervise predominantly female teams receive lower pay, while those who work with mostly male teams earn more. The study also discovered that younger and older workers are perceived as less valuable, resulting in lower compensation for managers supervising these age groups.
A study found that diuretic amiloride improved cerebral blood flow in cocaine-dependent subjects, reversing cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms. The medication's ability to dilate arteries in the brain may be responsible for this improvement.
Multifocal lenses offer improved unaided near vision, but also reduce contrast sensitivity. The study found that only 26-47% of patients with multifocal lenses were spectacle-free, compared to 1-11% with monofocal lenses.
A University of Michigan study reveals that working overtime is driven by a desire to improve social status and cultivate a sense of belonging, rather than just financial gain. The research found that blue-collar workers who work overtime are motivated by the desire to consume luxury items and keep up with their white-collar counterparts.
Silverman's research focuses on inhibiting an enzyme that produces nitric oxide, a compound linked to high blood pressure, stroke, and neurological diseases. His work aims to block the overproduction of nitric oxide in the brain without affecting its normal function.
Kende has won the Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award for his work on rearrangement reactions, including discovering how dioxins relate to their toxic effects. He also recreated autoinducers, chemical signals that activate bacteria's growth or attack on the body.
A New York chemist has made groundbreaking discoveries in synthesizing molecules, including pharmaceuticals, using a novel approach. His research reveals the importance of controlling the 'handedness' of compounds and introduces new reactions using pseudoephedrine.
Chicago chemist Milan Mrksich has won a national award for his research on how cells communicate with the matrix proteins that anchor them to surfaces. His approach involves dissecting the complex system and creating simple mimics of the matrix to study in controlled experiments.
Researchers Robert Young, Robert J. Zamboni and Marc Labelle recognized for developing commercial products that improve children's health and wellness with Singulair asthma treatment.
A meta-analysis of nine community-based studies found that health workers can effectively manage pneumonia in the community, leading to a significant reduction in child mortality. The intervention resulted in a 24-36% decrease in total and pneumonia-specific child mortality rates, with a notable impact on neonates.
Researchers studied two binary star systems, predicting regular flare cycles similar to the Sun's magnetic cycle. The team used continuous monitoring of radio waves to discover patterns in flare strength, indicating active and inactive cycles every 50-120 days.
A renowned chemist has won a prestigious award for his groundbreaking work on creating molecules found in nature, including lapidilectine B. He developed a new method to build nitrogen ring structures and successfully recreated the molecule step-by-step in the laboratory.
A study suggests that women are more likely to turn to their GPs than the internet when seeking information about HRT. Despite increased access to health information online, many women lack 'information literacy' and struggle to navigate online resources.
Teams from Abbott, Merck, Pfizer, and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals have developed commercial products based on chemistry to improve children's health and wellness. These products include Kaletra, Singulair, Neurontin, and Prevnar, which have advanced the health and well-being of children worldwide.
Purdue University chemist Jean Chmielewski has won a national award for developing new compounds that disrupt the AIDS virus's ability to reproduce. Her approach involves creating molecular 'wedges' that block HIV proteins from binding together, promising initial results in testing with infected cells.
Seyferth's research focuses on creating new molecules through the use of organometallic compounds. He has made significant contributions to the field of organometallic chemistry, including the development of methods for synthesizing complex compounds such as drugs and adhesives.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology has awarded Special Recognition Awards to Mr. McManus for his dedication to vision research, and Dr. Jones and Dr. Brown for their innovative research and humanitarian efforts. The awards recognize their contributions to the field of ophthalmology.
Dr. Rawal has developed a rapid and straightforward reaction that can assemble pieces of complex molecules with high accuracy. This innovation is expected to improve the performance of anticancer drugs like vincristine, which has been used successfully in treating childhood leukemia.
Two collaborative research projects on drug addiction and postpartum depression have been awarded funding. The studies will investigate sex-based differences in gene expression and the effect of estrogen on treatment response.
Dale J. Kempf, Daniel W. Norbeck, and Hing L. Sham receive award for developing Kaletra, the first HIV protease inhibitor approved for use in children as young as six months old.
Researchers create experimental model of a non-equilibrium system to test the soundness of temperature in a continuously shaken container of tiny beads. They find that temperature follows the expected rules, suggesting that essential information can be extracted from disordered motion in dissipative systems.
A chemist's research creates tools to make complex drugs more efficiently, with potential breakthroughs in anti-cancer treatments. His work has led to licenses for pharmaceutical companies to study promising drug candidates.
The Wyeth Pharmaceuticals team is being recognized for their role in developing the first combined pneumococcal vaccine for infants, Prevnar. The vaccine has dramatically advanced the health and well-being of children worldwide by preventing serious diseases such as meningitis, bacteremia, and pneumonia.
A renowned chemist has synthesized epothilone, a compound derived from bacteria, promising to replace taxol in treating cancer. His successful 25-step synthesis has garnered interest from pharmaceutical companies, paving the way for potential clinical trials and widespread use.
The Pfizer Inc team won the Heroes of Chemistry award for developing Neurontin, a medication controlling seizures in children. This breakthrough led to improved quality of life for many children with epilepsy, demonstrating the valuable role chemists play in improving lives.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology is honoring Dr. Demorest, Dr. Scott, and Dr. Stambaugh for their significant contributions to ophthalmology. They are recognized for their clinical, educational, and research achievements, as well as their leadership positions in the field.
The UGA research team has identified a molecular key to cell division, which could lead to new targets for cancer therapeutics. The study found that cyclin-dependent kinases drive the mitosis process and that molecules called oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are controlled by novel mechanisms.
Researchers have discovered that microRNAs play a crucial role in controlling plant growth and development by regulating cell division and leaf shape. The study found that a specific microRNA called "Jaw" targets messenger RNAs involved in preventing excessive cell division, leading to abnormal leaf shapes.
A study of 817 patients who underwent bypass surgery found that treating depression could significantly reduce mortality rates. Patients with moderate to severe depression at baseline and those with mild depression sustained from initial to six-month assessment were more than twice as likely to die than patients who were not depressed.
Researchers uncover unexpected new role for GATA-3 in hair follicle development, shedding light on parallel molecular cues between skin and immune systems. GATA-3-deficient mice exhibit severe structural anomalies in hair development, including bent whiskers and irregular thickenings.
A recent study found that the French eat smaller portions compared to Americans, which may contribute to their lower obesity rates and healthier diets. The researchers examined portion sizes at restaurants in Paris and Philadelphia, as well as single-serve foods sold in supermarkets.
Faculty members Krishnamurthy and Keogh receive funding to improve wireless network efficiency and develop efficient algorithms for analyzing sequential data. Their research has potential applications in disaster recovery, finance, industry, and more.
Research by Dean Krahn and colleagues found that moderate drinking had no significant effect on cognitive ability in middle-aged adults, contrary to previous studies. The study used an extensive database of over 10,000 participants who completed cognitive tests at different stages of life.
The URI Metcalf Institute has awarded fellowships to two minority journalists, Rodriguez and Ortiz, to develop story ideas and receive scientific training in marine and environmental science. The fellowship aims to increase the number of minority journalists trained in science who report on science-based news.
Researchers aim to better understand the nuances of language comprehension in individuals with right hemisphere stroke, which often affects word meanings and phrases. The study will use MRI scans to determine if lesion location impacts communication deficits.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute have identified a new principle guiding brain memory systems, explaining inconsistencies in previous studies. This discovery may lead to the development of new methods for wiping out unwanted memories and treating psychological trauma.
Researchers analyzed TES observations and found trace amounts of carbonate minerals in Martian dust, indicating a thin atmosphere interacting with dust. The discovery contradicts the idea of past oceans on Mars and suggests a climate history dominated by ice and frozen water.
A team of researchers has discovered that injecting radioactive glucose can selectively kill cancer cells without harming healthy tissues. The treatment exploits the fact that cancer cells use more glucose than normal tissue, allowing for targeted delivery of radioactivity.
A study by NIH/NIEHS has identified a mouse gene linked to hydrocephalus, a common birth defect. The research team cloned the defective gene, which affects cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and found it causes classic symptoms of hydrocephalus in mice.
Scientists at Emory University Health Sciences Center have identified a new sperm protein called SED1 that plays a critical role in the initial association between sperm and egg during fertilization. Mice without this protein had reduced fertility despite normal sperm characteristics, highlighting its importance in successful binding.
A post-hoc analysis of the LIFE study found a close to 50% risk reduction in sudden death among losartan-treated diabetic patients compared to those treated with atenolol. Lars Lindholm comments that the results are exploratory and require confirmation.
Researchers discovered that the brain can associate certain stimuli with food consumption when hungry, but not after eating. This association is linked to brain regions involved in conditioning and reward pathways.
A study of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, found that replacing tropical forests with crops can increase daytime temperatures and decrease nighttime temperatures. This occurs because crops are less efficient at cooling the air through transpiration, a process where water evaporates from leaves during photosynthesis.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that depression is a strong independent risk factor for death in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Depression was associated with a doubling of the risk of death during the follow-up period, regardless of other factors.
The US is responsible for 23% of global greenhouse-gas emissions. The editorial emphasizes the need for changes in law and tax incentives to persuade citizens to use fewer fossil fuels and adopt recycling initiatives.
A genetic dictionary has been developed to understand the role of newly identified genes and their functions, which can aid in identifying unknown genes involved in cell division and cancer. The dictionary is based on gene activity data from four organisms and provides a context for understanding genetic words.
Researchers at Cornell University have confirmed a theory about how a protein complex known as FACT helps cells read their genetic code. By studying the activation of a heat-shock gene in fruit fly cells, they found that FACT and other proteins quickly move to chromosomal sites where transcription occurs.
A new combination cancer-killing drug regimen has shown promising results in extending patient survival, with 16% tumor shrinkage and 35% stable disease progression after six months. The orally administered treatment has been well-tolerated and offers a more convenient option for patients compared to traditional IV chemotherapy.
A post-hoc analysis of the LIFE study found that losartan significantly reduced sudden cardiac death in diabetic patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy compared to atenolol. The results showed a nearly 50% risk reduction in sudden death for losartan-treated patients.
This special issue aims to expand knowledge on drug supply and trafficking by providing accessible information to academic researchers. The articles cover various aspects of the topic, including a case study of a middle market drug broker and a conceptual framework for action against drug supply.