Researchers found that bone marrow stem cells protected gastrointestinal tissue from autoimmune attack in a mouse model, allowing the regeneration of the gastrointestinal lining. MSC therapy may become a useful treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers at Monell Chemical Senses Center have discovered a unique scent associated with basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer. By analyzing volatile organic compounds in the air above skin lesions, they found distinct profiles that could potentially be used to screen for and diagnose skin cancers at early stages.
The report finds that working-age Americans are struggling with medical bills, with nearly two-thirds having problems or debt. Many delay or avoid needed care due to cost concerns, with one-third spending 10% or more of their income on out-of-pocket expenses.
The Hubble Space Telescope has resolved individual threads of gas in the filaments of galaxy NGC 1275, revealing a magnetic structure that sustains them for over 100 million years. The discovery provides crucial clues about how giant black holes affect their surroundings.
Researchers developed PTC124 to bypass premature 'stop' signals in CFTR genes, allowing the protein-making machinery to function normally. The phase II trial showed improvements in chloride ion transport and lung respiratory function, offering a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute discovered a molecular switch that can convert muscle precursor cells into brown fat cells, which burn calories and release energy. The breakthrough could lead to new treatments for obesity by activating the calorie-burning process in the body.
Researchers at NIST have developed a method to evaluate the stability of protein-based drugs at room temperature using a fluorescent probe. This new method can measure the lifetime of hydrogen bonding networks that stabilize proteins, reducing the time and expense associated with traditional methods.
A University of Chicago study found that over 13% of elderly Americans experience mistreatment, with verbal and financial abuse being the most prevalent forms. The study also revealed wide variations in mistreatment depending on age and ethnicity.
Researchers aim to better understand neutrino oscillations, studying the third unknown mixing angle using antineutrinos from nuclear reactors. The Daya Bay experiment in China and SNO+ upgrade will map antineutrino oscillations between flavors.
A study of 788 US adults found that those with diabetes had higher levels of arsenic in their urine compared to those without diabetes. Inorganic arsenic from contaminated drinking water may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that multiple measurement techniques are needed to accurately measure calcium content in serpentine soils. A combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and elemental analysis is necessary to identify and quantify calcium.
A new study published in The Journal of Urology found that tadalafil improved lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Daily dosing of the erectile dysfunction drug showed clinically meaningful improvements, making it a suitable option for treating BPH LUTS.
Researchers have identified how maize streak virus (MSV) became a serious pest in Africa's most important food crop, potentially saving millions of lives. By comparing MSV genomes to its less harmful relatives, scientists discovered that recombination led to the emergence of a more severe disease strain.
Grapefruit juice and other common fruit juices, such as orange and apple, can decrease the absorption of certain drugs, including those used for heart disease, cancer, and organ transplantation. This interaction may lead to a loss of beneficial effects and potentially toxic overdoses.
Researchers at UC San Diego have proposed a new topology for Ethernet data center connectivity, enabling scalable interconnection bandwidth and reducing costs. The approach requires no modifications to end-host network interface, operating system, or applications, and is fully backward compatible with Ethernet, IP, and TCP.
Research finds calculators can help students with a strong foundation in basic multiplication facts, while hindering those without. Students who used calculators to practice had fewer errors and more time for practice.
Researchers found that owl faeces and prey remains can serve as visual signals for intraspecific communication, including territorial and parent-offspring contexts. This novel behavior may aid owls in signaling their reproductive status to potential intruders.
Researchers found that Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can block the lung's natural protective response to tobacco smoke, leading to increased oxidative stress and tissue damage. This co-factor may contribute to the development of COPD among smokers.
A University of Michigan study found that cadmium exposure is a critical ingredient in smoking-related emphysema, increasing the risk by up to double. Even low-level exposure through second-hand smoke or other means can also increase lung disease risk.
New research reveals that root systems can be observed using advanced imaging technologies like MRI, allowing for better understanding of water uptake patterns. Roots also play a significant role in soil carbon cycling and the global carbon balance.
Astrocytes undergo reorganization and may engulf attacking T cells, which could improve therapy for viral infections, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. This novel response mechanism offers new insights into brain cell defenses against immune cells.
Researchers have developed a more accurate way to identify aggressive bowel cancer forms, suggesting patients with the Lamin A marker should receive chemotherapy in addition to surgery for improved recovery and survival. The study aims to develop a robust prognostic tool for widespread use in bowel cancer treatment.
Researchers from the University of Alaska Fairbanks are presenting their findings on stroke and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at a conference in New York. The studies aim to understand the underlying causes of these conditions and explore potential new treatments for brain damage.
A large clinical trial found that B vitamin supplementation did not reduce death or cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. The study, which involved over 3,000 participants, also showed a numerically lower incidence of stroke but higher incidence of cancer in the groups receiving folic acid.
A study of 788 US adults found that those with higher arsenic levels in their urine were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. The researchers also discovered that the presence of certain organic arsenic compounds did not increase diabetes risk.
The majority of deaths during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic were not caused by the flu virus alone, but rather bacterial pneumonia that developed after the virus destroyed the cells lining the bronchial tubes. Comprehensive pandemic preparations should include provisions to stockpile antibiotics and bacterial vaccines.
A study examining testing models to predict and diagnose new cases of dementia found that within-person variability on neuropsychological tests is linked to the development of dementia. The research, published in JAMA, suggests that this variability may be an independent predictor of dementia development.
A study by Indiana University researchers suggests treating contaminated urban soils with water can prevent chronic lead poisoning in children. The study reveals that older cities like Indianapolis have a high lead burden resulting in a lead poisoning epidemic among their youngest citizens.
A new Case Western Reserve University study aims to understand how college students cope with managing psychiatric medications, a growing concern for mental health providers. The research will survey 120 undergraduates and conduct intensive interviews with 30 students to track their experiences over two years.
A UC Riverside researcher has developed a new method to culture human embryonic stem cells using no animal-derived materials, which could improve the safety and efficiency of stem cell therapies. The method uses a chemically synthesized ECM and results in stem cells with uncompromised pluripotency.
Researchers found that intra-individual variability in cognitive function improves dementia prediction beyond individual test scores. The Einstein Aging Study evaluated 897 individuals, identifying 61 cases of dementia, and showed that within-person variability across multiple tests predicts future dementia.
Researchers found that silver-coated endotracheal tubes significantly reduced ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates, with a 36% decrease compared to uncoated tubes. The study also showed that silver-coated tubes can delay VAP onset and reduce its severity.
Rutgers University has received a $3.2 million grant from the NSF to equip experts in fields such as cell and molecular biology, computational modeling and biomaterials to move stem-cell breakthroughs from the biology lab into practical therapies. The program will also support training for underrepresented minorities and enhance divers...
A new test for West Nile virus in horses has been developed, which could be modified for use on humans and wildlife. The test is highly effective at diagnosing infections and provides accurate results, making it useful for tracking the ecology and epidemiology of the disease.
Scientists have developed a new instrument to create model nanocatalysts of molybdenum sulfide with atomic precision. The most reactive nanocluster had six atoms of molybdenum and eight atoms of sulfur, showing promise for improving hydrodesulfurization processes.
University of Houston researchers Yuriy Fofanov and Lennart Johnsson have developed computational tools to monitor microbial community sizes and genomic diversity. Their technology aims to better understand how human activities affect microbial communities governing human health and life on Earth.
Scientists have confirmed that century-long droughts occurred in eastern North America during the Holocene era, with evidence of seven major drought periods found in a stalagmite from West Virginia. The study suggests that weak solar activity cools the Atlantic Ocean and triggers droughts.
Researchers found that a portion of corn stover can be harvested for biofuel production without reducing soil organic carbon levels in high-yielding systems. This study suggests that corn stover could supply up to 25% of the biofuel crop needed by 2030.
The Large Hadron Collider is poised to generate a bonanza of experimental data, putting hotly debated theories to the test. Potential breakthroughs include an explanation of mass and identification of dark matter.
The P4P system drastically cuts network load through local file-sharing, with average data packets traveling just 160 miles and making fewer metro-hops. Local file sharing increased nearly tenfold from 6% to 58%, providing a basis for the future of peer-to-peer systems.
A study found that shipwrecks on coral reefs harbor unwanted species like Rhodactis howesii, which can overtake healthy coral and decrease diversity. Removing man-made debris could prevent further losses in species and habitat.
A UK-led team of scientists has developed a more accurate way of identifying aggressive forms of bowel cancer, which should lead to better treatment and survival rates. The study found that patients with a stem cell marker protein called Lamin A present in their tissue are more likely to have an aggressive form of the disease.
New research from the University of Toronto finds that workers with higher job authority report significantly higher levels of interpersonal conflict. Younger workers with power face the highest level of conflict in the workplace, while men with authority report more conflict than similarly-positioned women.
Concomitant zoledronic acid prevents bone loss and improves bone-mineral density in premenopausal women with breast cancer during adjuvant endocrine therapy. After treatment, zoledronic acid even increases bone-mineral density.
Researchers have developed a new temperature-regulating film that can be applied to micro-spacecraft, allowing them to withstand extreme heat and cold in space. This breakthrough technology has the potential to enable cheaper and more efficient satellite launches, opening up new applications for communications and defense.
Researchers found that a small genetic mutation alters the structure of ATP7B, a large complex protein regulating copper movement in human cells. The study sheds light on how this mutation leads to Wilson disease, which affects as many as 150,000 people worldwide.
Researchers at Penn have developed a theoretical framework for increasing the speed of light pulses in nanoscale metal chains, potentially enabling high-speed optical computing. The discovery may overcome limitations in optics and pave the way for novel optoelectronic devices.
Researchers have developed a new imaging system that highlights cancerous tissue, allowing surgeons to visualize and remove diseased tissue with greater precision. The FLARE system uses special chemical dyes and near-infrared light to 'cutting by color' tumors more easily.
A new study shows that people can create false memories of their past, which can lead to lasting changes in their behavior. Participants who were told they had become ill after eating egg salad as children avoided the food and gave it lower evaluations than those who did not develop false memories.
Researchers presented innovative studies on sexual function, finding that statins can improve erectile function in men with metabolic syndrome. Additionally, new studies suggest that androgen therapy may restore sexual function faster post-prostatectomy than PDE 5 inhibitors.
New research links human-driven changes in westerly winds to hotter and drier springs in the US Southwest. The shift in winter storm tracks has resulted in less precipitation and warmer conditions earlier in the year, affecting snowpack, hydrology, and water resources.
Five UCSF faculty members have received $13.7 million in funding from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine to explore fundamental questions about embryonic stem cells and develop treatment strategies for conditions such as cancer and liver disease. The researchers will investigate molecular mechanisms, cell specialization...
Researchers at NIST and JQI have developed a technique to fine-tune light from quantum dots using laser pairs, potentially improving entangled photon generation for quantum information technologies. This breakthrough could accelerate advanced cryptography applications and pave the way for compact quantum dot devices.
Researchers found that many teens have misconceptions about emergency contraception, including side effects and confidentiality. Targeted health education is needed to address these concerns and promote effective use of the pill.
A protein complex regulating primary cilia formation has been identified by NYU researchers. The complex involves three proteins: CEP290, CP110, and Rab8a, which work together to promote cilia formation on mature cells. This discovery may lead to new drug targets for diseases such as polycystic kidney disease, retinal degeneration, and...
Researchers used ultrasound imaging to measure carotid artery plaque density and predict cardiovascular events. Patients with reduced plaque density had a significantly increased risk of near-future adverse events, highlighting the potential for this non-invasive technique to improve cardiovascular disease management.
A randomized controlled trial found that silver-coated endotracheal tubes significantly reduced the incidence of microbiologically confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia, with a 34.2% relative reduction in risk. The tubes were also associated with a delayed occurrence of pneumonia and no notable adverse events.
Researchers at the University of Glasgow found that cultural differences influence how people look at faces, with Westerners focusing on specific features like eyes and mouths, while Easterners focus on the nose or centre of the face. This study provides insight into why non-verbal communication between people from different cultures c...
PNNL scientists are harnessing the power of catalysis to address real-world energy problems, including hydrogen oxidation and production for fuel cells. Researchers are also exploring alternative catalysts using inexpensive metals like nickel and cobalt to reduce costs.
The American Chemical Society meeting focuses on the health benefits of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables, with studies showing a significant reduction in cancer and cardiovascular disease risk. Recent research indicates that adding one serving of fruits and vegetables to diet can reduce cardiovascular diseases by up to 7 percent.