Scientists at the University of Michigan have developed a potential vaccine to prevent urinary tract infections, which affect 53% of women and 14% of men. The vaccine targets iron receptors on bacteria that cause infection, inducing an immune response in mucosal tissue.
Tropical Storm Marty is weakening due to stronger wind shear, with warmer cloud tops indicating lower thunderstorm heights and reduced storm power.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh discovered that invadolysin, a protein present in all cells, is linked to lipid droplets used for fat storage. Lower levels of invadolysin were found to be associated with reduced fat deposits, suggesting its potential role in obesity and related complications.
A University of Michigan study found that older Americans are experiencing a rapid change in work expectations, with more expecting to work past age 65. The study also revealed significant financial losses, including a decline in home values and stock market exposure.
A team of researchers has found a rare meteorite in the Western Australian desert and tracked its orbit using a new camera network. The meteorite is composed of basaltic igneous rock and is believed to have formed deep in the inner Solar System, providing clues about the origins of the Solar System.
The Arctic sea ice cover has reached its minimum extent for 2009, the third-lowest recorded since satellite measurements began in 1979. The September minimum extent is significantly below the long-term average and well outside natural climate variability, attributed to human-produced greenhouse gases.
Researchers studying Idaho's Clearwater River have found that temperature differences and slow-moving water can delay the migration of juvenile salmon, allowing them to grow larger before reaching the Pacific Ocean. This delayed migration could help the fish survive better when they finish their ocean-bound trek.
The NASA Aqua satellite captured two distinct views of Super Typhoon Choi-Wan, including a visible image with a clear eye and an infrared image showing cold high thunderstorm cloud temperatures. The typhoon has maximum sustained winds near 149 mph, generating extremely high waves.
An international study predicts a 50-day shift in flowering times of certain plants in specific climates by 2080, driven by global warming. The research used climate records from the past century and plant responses to air temperatures, predicting changes in spring blooming dates across different regions.
Researchers found that dynamic information is critical to learning to segregate objects from backgrounds. After three patients regained sight, their performance improved over time, with success rates increasing to almost normal when objects were in motion.
The first US-built superconducting radiofrequency niobium cavity to meet the ILC's stringent performance goals has been successfully tested at Jefferson Lab. The cavity, manufactured by Advanced Energy Systems, exceeded the specification of 35 MV/m with an accelerating gradient of 41 megavolts per meter.
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's LAMP instrument uses Lyman-alpha emissions to study permanently shadowed regions of the moon's surface. Researchers are searching for water frost and other resources in these areas, which could support future lunar missions.
Researchers at Iowa State University are working on an embryonic test that can determine a calf's genetic soundness before birth, allowing producers to select valuable embryos and reduce waste. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize cattle breeding and marketing, enabling producers to target specific traits and markets.
Researchers at North Carolina State University are using phytoremediation to clean up a contaminated site in Elizabeth City, N.C. through the planting of fast-growing trees like hybrid poplars and willows. The process has shown promising results, with fuel levels decreasing faster than anticipated.
The NIH awards Albert Einstein College of Medicine two grants totaling $3.5 million to study epigenetic changes and their contribution to diseases such as tumor development, aging, and abnormal growth. Researchers will focus on epigenetic modifications related to abnormal fetal growth and chronic kidney disease.
Introduced Japanese white-eyes are depleting food sources, causing stunted growth and higher death rates among native Hawaiian birds. This is leading to increased susceptibility to diseases like malaria and chewing lice, further threatening the already endangered species.
A new Harvard study estimates nearly 45,000 annual deaths are associated with a lack of health insurance, up from an earlier estimate of 18,000. The uninsured face a 40% higher risk of death compared to those with private insurance.
New research shows that binge drinking inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, impairing immune system activation. The study found that alcohol suppresses TLR4's signaling, leading to a prolonged risk of infection
A study found that individuals with metabolic syndrome risk factors experience nearly 1.6-fold higher healthcare costs due to conditions such as obesity and high blood pressure. The average annual cost increase for those with additional risk factors is 24%, reaching $5,732 versus $3,581 per year.
A recent study found that healthcare staff and relatives struggle to accurately diagnose pain levels in nursing home residents, particularly those with cognitive impairments. The researchers recommend increasing education on non-drug pain management strategies, such as massage, mobility, and music therapy, to improve care.
Raptorex displays all the hallmarks of Tyrannosaurus rex, including a large head and tiny arms, at about 100th the size that would eventually become T. rex. This suggests that tyrannosaur design evolved at a small body size, with larger animals developing later.
The study divides Arab countries into three categories and compares their population-weighted averages in health, educational attainment, and income with those of non-Arab nations. While Arab countries have made significant progress in areas such as life expectancy and education, they lag behind in democracy and women's labor-force par...
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine have identified a population of cancer stem cells in the liver prior to tumor formation. These malignant stem cells have been found to be resistant to chemotherapy and are thought to play a key role in driving liver cancer formation. The study suggests that targeting these cells could poten...
Scripps Research scientists successfully corrected a genetic defect in mice with cystinosis, a rare and devastating disorder. The treatment involved bone marrow stem cell transplantation, which significantly reduced cystine levels and improved symptoms.
Kyoto University Professor Sakayu Shimizu received the 2009 Enzyme Engineering Award for his pioneering contributions to biotechnological tools and novel microbial reactions. His research has led to the commercialization of many biotechnological processes on a large scale.
Daily commuting patterns in mega-cities may contribute to the resurgence of mosquito-borne diseases like dengue fever. Researchers suggest looking beyond traditional transmission clusters and considering novel ways to control community transmission.
Researchers at the University of Utah Health have discovered a gene mutation that causes severe epilepsy and febrile seizures in some infants. The SCN9A gene mutation can alter sodium channel function in the brain, leading to seizures, and may be responsible for up to 5% of febrile syndrome patients.
The NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Program awards $62 million to study the epigenome in various diseases and conditions. These studies aim to understand how diet, environmental exposures, and stress affect human health and disease.
A Georgia State University study found that adolescent rats are less vulnerable to drug withdrawal and relapse than adult rats, suggesting a possible protective effect of youth on substance abuse. Researchers hope to apply this knowledge to develop better treatments for human addiction.
Researchers found a strong association between teenage birth rates and state-level measures of religiosity in the US. Conservative religious beliefs are strongly predicted to influence teen birth rates, even after controlling for income differences.
A University of Alberta study found that bilingual children's lexical recall is slightly lower than unilingual peers, but this is not a concern for French Immersion programs. Bilinguals showed improved recognition and translation skills, and demonstrated creative thinking in coming up with words to convey their meaning.
A five-year study at Penn State will analyze hypertension in humans and laboratory conditions, shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies for people with essential hypertension. The study aims to understand how hypertension affects the body's cardiovascular system and its impact on individuals.
Researchers discovered compounds that disable Mycobacterium tuberculosis' proteasome complex, allowing the bacteria to remain dormant. The inhibitors show high specificity for TB microbes while sparing human cells.
Scientists have discovered that the venom of isolated Florida cottonmouth snakes may differ from that of mainland snakes due to their diet of dead fish dropped by seabirds. A new technique for collecting venom, using a portable nerve stimulator, has also been developed as part of this study.
By using a special design and the principle of anti-reflective layers, researchers have made graphene visible on gallium arsenide. This achievement enables the measurement of electrical properties of the new material combination, paving the way for further research and development in electronics.
The study investigates proficiency level in laparoscopic splenectomy using the learning curve method, finding a horizontal lazy S-shape with two distinct slopes. Surgeons can be accepted as proficient after performing at least 25 cases, contrary to the widely accepted 'L' shape.
Researchers at University at Buffalo found that bitemark identification is not as reliable as DNA analysis and can lead to wrongful convictions. The study suggests that bitemarks should be carefully evaluated in criminal investigations to avoid misidentification.
Researchers used photoswitches to target enigmatic nerve cells in zebrafish, finding they trigger burst swimming and lower threshold for reflex movement. The discovery could have implications for human neurological disorders.
Researchers from the University of Florida and the University of Washington successfully used gene therapy to restore color vision in two squirrel monkeys. The study demonstrates the potential for this treatment to target adult vision disorders involving cone cells, a crucial step towards developing therapies for human cone diseases.
The K-State institute's intern program has received the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable's Most Valuable Pollution Prevention Program award for its innovation and measurable results in reducing waste and emissions. The program, launched in 2006, has led to significant environmental improvements and cost savings for participatin...
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that HBV genotypes B and C were the major genotypes in Indonesia, with genotype B being predominant. The study also identified associations between certain mutations and liver disease progression.
A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatric Society found that people with persistent pain develop functional limitations at an earlier age than those without pain. The study revealed that individuals with pain have higher rates of mobility limitations and are more likely to experience disability.
Researchers have analyzed ice cores from Greenland and small ice caps to show the evolution of the ice sheet over 11,700 years. The findings reveal that changes in elevation cause different temperatures, allowing scientists to use small ice caps as a standard reference for climate history.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology evaluated 76 cases of living donor liver transplantation and found that the Chengdu formula is reliable. The other formulas, such as Fan and Heinemann, underestimated liver volume, while Urata and Lee overestimated it.
A large-scale clinical trial, VOICE, is testing the safety and efficacy of an antiretroviral microbicide gel and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimen to prevent HIV infection in women in four African countries. The study aims to determine which intervention is more effective and acceptable to participants.
K-State will expand its program for recruitment and retention of Latino students, including a new learning community and academic tracking system. The goal is to improve retention rates, reduce academic warning cases, and increase graduation rates among Hispanic students.
A five-university consortium led by Michigan State University is conducting a four-year study to understand why Lyme disease is more prevalent in some areas than others. The researchers aim to identify the ecological factors that affect the Lyme disease cycle, including climate, vertebrate biodiversity, and tick genetics.
Researchers found a positive correlation between Yes-associated protein (YAP) and survivin expression in gastric carcinoma, suggesting YAP's role in inducing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. The study suggests potential for YAP as an early diagnostic marker for gastric carcinoma.
Researchers used light-activated proteins to pinpoint the neural cell responsible for a specific behavior in zebrafish, a breakthrough that could lead to new insights into biological systems and synthetic biology applications. This technique may also aid in optimizing biofuels and disease-fighting therapies.
A groundbreaking study published in the Journal of Cell Biology reveals that the protein Pds5 plays a vital regulatory role during meiosis, failing to segregate and pair up properly when it is absent. This finding has significant implications for understanding human chromosomal birth defects, including Down syndrome.
The study found that S100A2 protein expression was reduced while p63 protein expression was increased, indicating their involvement in EC carcinogenesis. Combined expression of S100A2 and p63 may aid in early diagnosis and prognostication of ESCC.
A study found that ERCP quality outcomes, including complication rates, compare favorably with those of academic centers in a community hospital setting. Technical success rates met or exceeded recommended levels, indicating competence among gastroenterologists performing ERCP.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified unique characteristics of lung cancer in never-smokers, including exposure to second-hand smoke and radon gas. The guide recommends specific treatments, such as EGFR inhibitors, for patients with genetic mutations.
Tom Smith is experimenting with synthesizing liquid salts into a gel to create a new material that confines charge-carrying ions in a gelled, pseudo-liquid state. The goal is to improve conductivity in electrochemical devices at nanoscopic dimensions.
A new study by Jenifer Whitten-Woodring found that media freedom in countries without democratic institutions is associated with greater oppression of human rights. In the absence of other outlets for dissent, media freedom can lead to cycles of violence and repression.
The VOICE study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of two ARV regimens: daily vaginal gel and daily oral tablets, to reduce HIV risk in women. The trial will enroll up to 5,000 participants across four countries and assess their willingness to use the methods.
A study published in Psychological Science found that reminders of money can reduce feelings of pain and social exclusion. The researchers suggest that acquired symbolic value of money can influence responses to both emotional and physical pain.
A partnership between MU and state organizations provides medical interpreters to LEP patients, improving communication and reducing costs. The program aims to increase access to quality care and reduce misdiagnoses.
Researchers developed a model to diagnose postnatal depression with an 80% predictive power, identifying risk factors such as social support and family history. The study also uncovered two protection factors: age and work during pregnancy, which reduce the risk of depression.
A University of Alberta study reveals that parolees with a gambling habit often resort to criminal activities and substance abuse when released from prison. The research highlights the need for sufficient practical resources to help problem gambler offenders integrate successfully into the community.