Researchers found that walkers who use straight arms conserve energy and reduce their cost by 11% compared to bending their elbows. However, the study did not find any significant difference in energy costs between arm postures for runners. The exact reason behind runner's bent arm posture remains a mystery.
Researchers are testing a therapy called bermekimab, which blocks inflammation and pain-causing molecules in the immune system. The trial aims to improve outcomes in lung, pancreatic and ovarian cancer patients, with the goal of reducing symptoms such as weight loss and decreased mobility.
A study led by Dr. Stephanie Kullmann found that exercise improves brain function in overweight and obese individuals by normalizing brain functions important for metabolism and increasing regional blood flow in areas of the brain dependent on dopamine. Participants also reported improvements in mood and executive function.
Researchers at Osaka University discover novel mechanism of microbubble implosion, achieving ultrahigh electrostatic field near Schwinger limit. The density during compression reaches several hundred thousand to one million times solid density.
Researchers at Toho University found that mice lacking JunB develop severe autoimmune disorders due to reduced Treg cell number. Injecting high doses of IL-2 can mitigate colitis by expanding Treg cells, suggesting a potential novel strategy for treating inflammatory diseases.
A team of researchers at HZB has investigated the fundamental photochemical processes around metal atoms and its ligands in transition-metal dyes. They found that charge carriers are not spatially separated as previously assumed, but rather undergo a rapid recombination process.
Researchers characterized the interaction between potentiators and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein at atomic resolution. The study found that two distinct compounds act on the same region of CFTR, pointing to strategies for developing more effective drugs.
A new study by RAND Corporation finds that parents who help unemployed adult children offset costs by adjusting their behavior, such as spending less on food and working more. This decision may result in financial detriment for the parent, highlighting the economic impact of such decisions.
The team of researchers from RIKEN BDR and Tokyo Denki University have developed a bio-MEMS that is driven by real muscle, which could be useful in surgical implants. The new study successfully demonstrates an on-chip muscle-driven valve that can open and close without any external power source.
A new nonlive shingles vaccine reduced shingles episodes by 75% among patients who underwent stem cell transplantation compared to placebo. Long-term protection was not assessed due to study limitations.
The Cleveland Alzheimer's Disease Research Center will accelerate research for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, supporting a wide range of studies and educating scientists and the public on dementia causes and treatment.
Researchers identified a potent pheromone called spermine in the semen of sea lampreys that attracts only ovulatory female sea lampreys. The discovery may reveal a new mechanism for male animals to recruit mates through chemical cues in semen, potentially with implications for conservation and management of sea lamprey populations.
Scientists have made significant advancements in measuring global ice sheet mass using satellite imaging and remote sensing equipment, allowing for greater detail than ever before. This improves the connection between climate variations and ice mass changes over time.
Researchers at Stanford University found that lovebirds can navigate through extreme crosswinds in both bright and dark environments, challenging long-held assumptions about bird navigation. By stabilizing their gaze and twisting their necks, the birds actively control their flight towards a light beacon.
The National Science Foundation is funding a new supercomputer at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) with a $10-million grant. The Bridges-2 system will provide massive computational capacity and flexibility to researchers in Pennsylvania and nationwide.
Researchers suggest that strengthening muscles, rather than losing fat, may be a better way to protect against weight-related health risks like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Muscle health is linked to metabolic function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose uptake, making it a potential indicator of overall health.
A long-term study of butterflies in Ohio found that common species are declining at a rate of 2% per year, resulting in an overall 33% decrease over 21 years. This trend is consistent with other monitoring programs in Europe and highlights the impact of environmental changes on insect populations.
Eteplirsen shows supportive results in delaying respiratory decline in DMD patients, with slower rates of decline observed in both ambulatory and non-ambulatory patients. This may have notable positive implications on quality of life and potentially delayed mortality.
A new study from King's College London found that GP antibiotic prescribing has decreased overall, but at a slower rate for older patients and those with unclear diagnoses. The study analyzed data from 102 general practices in England from 2014 to 2017 and showed a 6.9% decline in total antibiotic prescribing per year.
Scientists have discovered a newly found function of the US11 protein that impairs antibody immunity, allowing human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to evade white blood cells and potentially leading to birth defects and immune system dysfunction. This breakthrough has significant therapeutic prospects for treating autoimmune diseases like lupus.
A new method for synthesizing and evaluating large numbers of potential drug leads has been developed by the University of Groningen. This technique uses acoustic dispensing to create thousands of variant molecules in a high-throughput system, making it possible to quickly identify promising candidates.
Research finds children of lower-education parents, single-parent households, and low-income families face higher risks of dying between ages 1 and 24. Family resources independently associate with increased risk.
A study found that pushing past a critical threshold in the carbon cycle can trigger extreme ocean acidification, potentially leading to mass extinctions. The research suggests that once this threshold is breached, the Earth's response becomes self-sustaining, amplifying the effects of initial triggers.
A Penn study of over 150,000 men with prostate cancer found that hormone therapy increased the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease or dementia. The treatment was associated with a 14% increased risk of Alzheimer's and a 20% increased risk of dementia compared to patients who did not receive hormone therapy.
The employment-to-population ratio for working-age people with disabilities increased from 29.5% in June 2018 to 31% in June 2019, up 1.5 percentage points. The labor force participation rate also rose, indicating greater independence and financial support for individuals with disabilities.
A recent NYC ridesharing study found a significant increase in trips originating from outer borough neighborhoods, with 56% of market share. This surge raises concerns about equity, as these areas are often underserved by public transit and traditional taxi services.
Researchers found that providing a year's supply of birth control pills upfront can reduce unintended pregnancies and lower healthcare costs. The study estimates that this policy change would prevent 583 unintended pregnancies and save the VA approximately $2 million annually.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to understand intergroup conflicts, finding that acculturation can promote the evolution of conflict. The study suggests that groups may fight for fighting's sake, despite costs, and that cultural evolution can spread conflict.
Researchers observed increased methanogenesis genes at upper layers of warming permafrost, while carbohydrate metabolism genes were more abundant at shallower depths. This study provides insight into tundra microbial responses to experimental warming.
A recent study by Waseda University reveals a decline in federally funded inventions and their technological impact, suggesting a need for a more effective grant review system. Strengthening translational science through targeted initiatives can help bridge the gap between bench-to-bedside research.
A new study by Boston University School of Public Health found that racial residential segregation explains greater racial disparities in fatal police shootings. The ratio of Black to White victims of police shootings increases by 44% for each percent of a city's Black population that would need to move for an equal distribution.
Astronomers have developed a new method to measure the expansion of the Universe by analyzing neutron star mergers and gravitational waves. This technique uses the orientation of the gravitational wave signal to determine the distance, providing a new 'cosmic ruler' for measuring the Hubble Constant.
A study found that adolescents who non-medically used prescription opioids were more likely to develop a heroin use disorder. The study analyzed data from over 10,000 students and discovered a significant association between early opioid use and later heroin use.
A survey of over 3,400 university students found that one in five reported problematic smartphone use, associated with lower grades, mental health problems, and more sexual partners. Problematic smartphone use was also linked to higher rates of alcohol misuse and ADHD-like symptoms.
A massive study of over 300,000 people found that air pollution significantly reduces lung function and increases the risk of developing COPD. Exposure to high levels of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide was linked to lung aging equivalent to two years of aging.
Scientists at the University of Jyväskylä create optimized holey nanostructures that significantly reduce heat conduction by over a hundredfold. The study's findings have potential applications in thermoelectric power conversion, cooling, and bolometric radiation detection.
A new study found that becoming new parents leads to increased spending on produce in middle- and high-income households, with a significant increase in fruit consumption. However, lower-income families did not exhibit similar changes in their produce purchases.
The Moving Matters review reveals that community organisations and decision makers should consider diverse factors shaping people's habits, and promoting incidental activity is key to sustained benefits. Effective interventions include improving public transport, enhancing green spaces, and changing school and workplace routines.
Researchers found that curved shapes can facilitate efficient swimming and chemotaxis, but come with higher cell construction costs. This discovery opens questions about the shape of disease-causing bacteria and its potential industrial applications.
Dual-polarization radars in China have improved understanding of precipitation microphysics and quantitative precipitation estimation. The data collected from these radars has been used to validate numerical models and improve hydrometeor classification.
Research found that more physicians receiving industry money prescribed brand-name gabapentin, increasing concerns about its potential for abuse. Gabapentin prescriptions have tripled in the US since 2002.
Researchers have successfully edited plant mitochondrial DNA for the first time, paving the way to address the current lack of mitochondrial genetic diversity in crops. This technique, called mitoTALENs, uses a single protein to locate and delete specific genes, potentially adding much-needed diversity to the food supply.
Researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have developed a method to directly synthesize graphene from greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. The process involves a catalytically active metal surface, resulting in a simple one-step conversion. This breakthrough could lead to the production of valuable materials and contribute to r...
The University of Vienna team uses a state-of-the-art electron microscope to demonstrate atom manipulation in graphene, revealing the locations of silicon impurities. A new online simulation game, Atom Tractor Beam, allows users to control the movement of these impurities using an electron beam.
Researchers at Universitat Pompeu Fabra and S-Biomedic demonstrated the use of living bacteria to temporarily modulate skin microbiome composition. The study, published in Microbiome, found that probiotic solutions from donor microbiomes can be applied to recipients, leading to a shift towards a healthier microbiome state.
A study using Arctic ice cores shows that lead pollution levels correlate with economic growth and decline, indicating the impact of European events on the environment. The research found exponential increases in lead pollution during the past 1,500 years, with a significant decrease since the passage of pollution abatement policies.
Researchers from the Climate Change Research Center discovered that the positive-phase AMO causes nonuniform Eurasian summer warming. The study highlights the role of the Silk Road Pattern in modulating atmospheric variability, leading to amplified warming.
Researchers have developed a novel castor oil-based inhibitor to slow down gas hydrate plug growth, reducing the risk of accidents and financial burdens. The new compound has shown high efficiency as a kinetic hydrate inhibitor, offering improved biodegradability and environmental safety.
In a rare African damselfly species, females facilitate reproductive success of inferior males when their health is at risk. By evading dominant males' attention and preserving their health, females inadvertently enable sneaker male paternity.
Scientists at McMaster University have identified biomarkers for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in urine, which could lead to better treatments and reduce the need for costly colonoscopy procedures. The study found distinctive metabolic signatures that were elevated in IBS patients, suggesting an impairment of the gut's elastic lining.
A new study published in Autism Research found that autistic adults are vulnerable to various negative life experiences, including financial hardship, domestic abuse, and social bullying. These experiences are associated with higher rates of anxiety and depression symptoms and lower life satisfaction in autistic adults.
Research reveals scorpionfly species are not separate, but have evolved different forms to adapt to altitude and climate. The study uses Bayesian simulations and phylogenetic analyses to estimate divergence time of Japanese scorpionfly lineages.
Researchers developed an AI-based system, SpoilerNet, to flag spoilers in online book and TV show reviews. The tool achieved 89-92% accuracy in detecting spoilers, with most errors caused by distracting words.
A study found a three-rooted lower molar in a 160,000-year-old Denisovan mandible from China, suggesting that the trait is much older than previously thought. This rare dental feature may have been passed into modern Asian human populations through interbreeding with Denisovans.
A new study in Hawaii tallies nearly 82 human infections from the rat lungworm parasite over a decade, highlighting snails and slugs as primary carriers. Meanwhile, research on bednet monitoring reveals high variability in household use, which could be contributing to declining efficacy in malaria prevention.
Scientists at the University of Sheffield discovered how climate change and deforestation interact to disconnection natural habitats, leaving wildlife with limited escape routes from rising temperatures. The study highlights the urgent need to fund reforestation efforts and stop tropical forest loss.
Researchers have developed a technique that allows for real-time microscopic observation of materials under extreme heat and loading conditions. This breakthrough enables the study of material behavior in nuclear reactors and other extreme environments, with potential applications in developing new high-performance materials.
Researchers chemically treat zinc oxide nanowires to apply a uniform coating of titanium dioxide, enhancing catalytic activity and stability for the water-splitting reaction. The resulting nanowire-shell structures exhibit an amorphous structure with crystalline domains limited to a few nanometers.
Researchers from Cardiff University have developed ultrafast Compound Semiconductor technology, creating highly sensitive avalanche photodiodes with lower electronic noise than silicon rivals. This breakthrough has the potential to yield new class of high-performance receivers for applications in networking and sensing.
Researchers discovered that B cells specifically binding N-terminal epitopes of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) more efficiently take up and present TG2-gluten complexes to gluten-specific T cells. This suggests that B cells with this specificity are the main antigen-presenting cells for pathogenic T cells in celiac disease.