Measles and diphtheria have re-emerged in Venezuela with a disproportionate impact on indigenous populations, with over 7,500 measles cases reported and 100 deaths attributed to the disease. Diphtheria cases also surged, with 96% of reported cases originating from Venezuela, exposing 3 million vulnerable children to the disease.
A new study suggests that extreme heat and precipitation in early childhood can lead to lower educational attainment, even among better-off households. The research found that climatic conditions affect education negatively in multiple ways, particularly in Southeast Asia and West and Central Africa.
A new study found that leaders in groups of animals are more vulnerable to attack from predators due to their riskier position within the group. Researchers used virtual prey in aquarium tanks and found leaders were more likely to be attacked than followers, with isolated individuals also being at higher risk.
Researchers confirm a long-hypothesized limit for weather prediction, first proposed in the 1960s, which is approximately two weeks on average. They used state-of-the-art models to test this limit and found that reliable forecasts are now possible nine to 10 days out in mid-latitudes.
The study found that certain genes, specifically transcription factors, code for proteins that fine-tune gene expression during the medusa stage. Jellyfish have a unique genetic toolkit, distinct from corals and anemones, which enables their development and growth.
Researchers found a new, more powerful variant of an antimicrobial resistance gene in Staphylococcus epidermidis, making it harder for the bacteria to be killed by chlorhexidine bathing. The discovery was an unexpected result of a study on central venous catheter infections.
A new study from Stanford University's Immigration Policy Lab found that providing low-income immigrants with free access to application assistance boosts naturalization rates. The gentlest kind of nudge—simple, well-placed information—most effectively targets those who are less educated and have lower incomes.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that low scam awareness in older adults may be an early sign of impending mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The researchers observed a significant association between low scam awareness and Alzheimer disease pathology in the brain.
A comet fragment has been found inside a carbonaceous chondrite meteorite, La-Paz 02342, revealing unique properties of the cometary dust speck. The discovery provides insight into the formation of primitive materials and their preservation in meteorites, shedding light on the solar system's origins.
Researchers aim to identify effective strategies for reducing violence in internationalized civil wars, which have the most fatalities and are difficult to resolve. The project will analyze conflict management approaches, create a barometer to measure changes in conflict levels, and provide policy recommendations.
A team of MU neurobiologists have annotated the sequences of 47 ion channels across the lamprey genome, shedding light on their role in nervous system function and recovery from spinal cord injury. This advancement paves the way for further investigations into the molecular aspects of the nervous system.
Scientists have developed a novel strategy to extract and analyze membrane proteins, which are critical targets for therapy. Azo, a photocleavable surfactant, enables effective mass spectrometry analysis of whole proteins, opening up new opportunities to study membrane proteins.
A study found that state-level legalization of gay marriage led to a significant decrease in implicit and explicit anti-gay bias across the US. The effects were consistent across models, suggesting that legislation locality may moderate local biases.
Researchers at the University of Otago and Indian Statistical Institute have discovered distinct epigenetic markers in oral cancer tissues that are associated with patient survival. The findings, published in the journal Epigenomics, could help save thousands of lives by identifying cancer cells early.
Google searches have identified popular North American bird species, with large birds and those visiting feeders drawing more attention. The study found that owls were the subject of public curiosity, while conservationists can use this information to focus efforts on lesser-known species.
A new study published in the Journal of Hepatology reports that whole-exome sequencing (WES) can diagnose the genetic cause of liver disease in a significant proportion of adult patients. The analysis identified four monogenic disorders in five unrelated adults, enabling new treatment options and shedding light on underlying molecular ...
Booz Allen Hamilton received the 2019 INFORMS Prize for its pioneering integration of operations research (O.R.) and analytics programs. The company consolidated its O.R. talent into a single, centralized organization to enhance cross-disciplinary exchanges and accelerate internal research projects.
Scientists at NRL discovered a new method to passivate defects in next generation optical materials, improving optical quality and enabling miniaturization of light emitting diodes. The technique produces a 100-fold increase in material's optical emission efficiency, paving the way for high-efficiency optoelectronic devices.
Researchers found that tropical fire ants in Florida can coexist with both single- and multi-queen colonies. In multi-queen colonies, all reproductive queens are genetically identical and reproduce asexually.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have found that responsive neurostimulation can remodel the brain to be less susceptible to seizures. By analyzing individual brain activity recordings over time, the study shows that stimulation changes brain networks, making it harder for seizures to spread.
A new study by McGill University researchers found that state legislation played a significant role in reducing anti-gay bias in the US. By analyzing data from over 1 million respondents, the team discovered that laws supporting same-sex marriage led to a sharp decline in biases, with the effect being roughly double the previous rate.
Research in a Washington river basin reveals that early 20th-century timber harvesting, particularly splash-damming, led to increased bedrock erosion and reduced floodplain areas. This study suggests that brief human activities can have lasting impacts on the landscape.
Research shows low-intensity ultrasound can modulate normal brain function, affecting counterfactual thinking and alternative choice. This technique may revolutionize non-invasive treatment for mental health conditions like depression and Parkinson's.
Daniela Rubatto's research provides a new way to connect minerals' ages to their formation conditions, reconstructing the speed and duration of rock travel within the Earth's crust. Her innovative method uses an ion microprobe to extract valuable information from minerals, contributing to better understanding geological processes.
Researchers found that being part of a group provides safer protection from predators, with prey positioned in the middle of schools having the safest position. The study revealed that predators are more likely to attack isolated individuals than those in groups, highlighting the benefits of collective behavior.
A £1.8m funding boost will help researchers at the University of Edinburgh improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes for Crohn's disease, a condition affecting 120,000 people in the UK. The study aims to develop a non-invasive test using blood or stool to determine if the inflamed bowel wall has healed after treatment.
A new study by the University of Stirling has identified a silence around suicidality among children and young people, with many feeling they cannot access help or are not listened to by healthcare professionals. The research emphasizes the importance of using explicit language, such as 'suicide,' in mental health conversations.
A new study published in Pediatrics found that adolescents with cognitive impairments and intellectual disabilities have similar weight-loss outcomes after bariatric surgery as those with typical cognitive function. The study's authors recommend a case-by-case approach to determining eligibility for weight-loss surgery.
Researchers found that older brains with low TRIM9 levels are prone to extensive swelling following stroke, but increasing the gene's expression improves recovery. The study aims to identify what triggers TRIM9 gene expression to develop potential treatments.
Researchers found that half of patients prescribed statins failed to achieve 'healthy' cholesterol levels within two years, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Patients who did not respond well had a 22% higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to those who reached the target.
Continuing PCV in Kenya is estimated to prevent over 100,000 cases and save 14,000 lives annually. The vaccine's full price is less than Kenya's GDP per person, making it a cost-effective option.
HRL Laboratories' breakthrough alloy is the world's first printable high-strength aluminum, registered with the Aluminum Association. The registration validates its commercial value and enables companies to access the alloy through specific powder numbers.
Researchers at Newcastle University found a significant discrepancy between reported and actual catches of vulnerable species like sharks and rays in small-scale fisheries. The study highlights the urgent need for global efforts to assess their impact on the environment.
Researchers found that reframing how students view food-marketing campaigns can spur adolescents to make healthier dietary choices for an extended period. Teenage boys reduced their daily purchases of unhealthy drinks and snacks in the school cafeteria by 31 percent, while girls' purchases remained similar.
Researchers at UNC and TMIMS discovered that IRF1 protein regulates RARRES3 enzyme, making liver cells hostile to hepatitis A infection. The study provides implications for cellular responses to other RNA viruses like dengue and Zika.
Moffitt researchers discovered that melanoma cells become resistant to BRAF inhibitors through a conserved stress response mechanism involving AP-1 activation and histone deacetylase 8. This finding suggests that HDAC inhibitors may be able to overcome resistance mechanisms, leading to potential new treatments.
A study found kin relationships among people buried in Neolithic megalith tombs, indicating a societal role for these enigmatic structures. The genomic data revealed affinity to farming groups with past admixture with hunter-gatherer groups, highlighting a previously unknown role for megaliths in Neolithic societies and families.
Biomedical engineers at Duke University developed a method to improve CRISPR accuracy by adding a short tail to the guide RNA, creating a 'lock' that prevents off-target activity. The approach increases accuracy by an average of 50-fold across five different CRISPR systems.
A new study published in Geosphere investigates how scientists perceive interactions with policy makers, revealing five distinct models: a beacon, collaborator, educator, outcast, and investigator. The researchers emphasize the importance of understanding individual perspectives to effectively engage scientists in policy decisions.
A new American Cancer Society study highlights the need to better identify patients with metastatic cancer who may not benefit from aggressive treatment. The study found wide variations in treatment patterns among patients who died within a month of diagnosis.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh found that a beetle's diet during sexual development affects its adult breeding habits. Females prefer to mate with well-fed males to optimize offspring health.
Researchers have discovered a hill-like bump of electric charge at the X-point in tokamaks, which prevents plasma particles from traveling straight between upstream and downstream areas. This finding could lead to more accurate predictions about exhaust and make future large-scale facilities less vulnerable to internal damage.
Researchers at Rutgers University have identified a new factor essential for maintaining stem cells in the brain and gut, whose loss contributes to anxiety and cognitive disorders. The study reveals that this gene product supports multiple types of adult stem cells, including those critical for cognitive function and intestinal renewal.
The discovery of an Earth-sized planet and a warm sub-Neptune-sized world in the HD 21749 system marks a significant milestone for NASA's TESS mission. The planets have distinct orbital periods, with the sub-Neptune taking 36 days to complete its orbit.
Research by Laurie Weingart and Matthew Cronin focuses on respect to promote learning and consensus building in science communication. The study highlights the importance of bridging representational gaps, or rGaps, which occur due to fundamental differences in values, perspectives, and knowledge bases.
Women may be at greater risk of developing surgical site infections after coronary bypass surgery, re-vascularization of arterial occlusion, and hernia repair. Men are more likely to develop infections after orthopaedic and trauma procedures.
Researchers discovered the diameter of a giant red giant star 2,674 light-years away and a sun-like star at 700 light-years, setting a record for the smallest star measured. The team used asteroid occultations to calculate the stars' sizes with high accuracy.
The University of Cincinnati's Department of Operations, Business Analytics and Information Systems has been awarded the 2019 UPS George D. Smith Prize for its innovative curriculum, which prepares students to become effective practitioners in business analytics. The prize recognizes the department's long history of excellence in worki...
Researchers propose a unified approach to optimize radar polarimetry data for precise weather forecasting. This combines observation-based retrievals with model-based analysis to improve quantitative precipitation estimation, warnings, and forecasts.
A team of scientists has discovered that the neuronal transport factor Staufen2 scans and binds to its target transcripts in a more complex manner than previously thought. This finding opens up new approaches to improve our understanding of RNA transport and synaptic plasticity, which is essential for memory and learning.
A new study identifies four key factors influencing transgender youth's decision on fertility preservation, including family values, cost, and concerns about worsening gender dysphoria. The findings highlight the need for standardized protocols in primary care counseling and support for young adults navigating this complex issue.
A novel microscopy technique, developed by Rockefeller scientists, integrates approaches to build a more cohesive picture of the brain. It captures cellular activity across large volumes of neural tissue, allowing researchers to generate a picture of rapid cellular activity across multiple layers of brain tissue.
Scientists have created a genetically engineered bacterium that can specifically kill multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria without harming beneficial bacteria. The novel tool, based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system, has shown a minimal rate of emergence of new resistance and has potential applications in treating infectious diseases.
Researchers successfully created self-assembled structures using oppositely charged synthetic proteins, enabling the formation of hierarchical ordered, symmetrical structures. This breakthrough could lead to the development of novel architectures for bio-enabled sensing and functional coatings with unique properties.
Researchers combined CRISPR with drug discovery to understand how AML treatment works and which weaknesses can be exploited. The study revealed that LSD1-GFI1B relationship is critical for AML survival, enabling more targeted treatments.
The Innovative Medicines Initiative has launched a five-year project to generate exploratory and confirmatory data for novel safety biomarkers. This will improve the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic diseases, as well as reduce safety attrition in drug development.
A new study by University of Lincoln researchers suggests that extreme temperatures can impact the reproductive behavior and physiology of males before females, potentially leading to infertility. The study found that rising temperatures hampered sperm production in male Indian meal moths, affecting their ability to mate.
The US Department of Energy has awarded 86 grants totaling $95 million to small businesses in 21 states. These Phase II research and development grants will support scientific innovation and create jobs. The selected projects include advanced materials, energy storage, and IoT applications.
A researcher at the University of Texas at Arlington has received a four-year grant to investigate protein regulation in programmed cell death. Understanding how these proteins are regulated could lead to drugs targeting specific cancer cells.
The Louisville Metropolitan Sewer District and Tetra Tech won the 2019 INFORMS Edelman Award for their successful implementation of Csoft, a software solution that maximizes storage, conveyance, and treatment capacities to better protect the environment. The project has saved over $200 million in infrastructure costs and improved commu...