A study found that a universal 'test and treat' approach can reduce new HIV infections. Communities with home-based testing and referral to care saw a 30% decline in new infections, while those without immediate treatment saw no significant change.
A new study reveals that diabetes impairs the antibacterial activity of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), leading to diminished capacity to fight off bacterial infections. This finding has significant implications for the use of MSCs as a therapeutic strategy in treating diabetes and other autoimmune disorders.
Researchers have identified key aspects of planetary motions from a period around 200 million years ago, pushing the record back further than ever before. They used geological records to create a 'Geological Orrery', a precise history of solar system changes that can be extrapolated into the future.
Researchers have developed a new tabletop method to characterize ultrafast magnetic storage devices, which could lead to faster information processing technologies. The method uses high-harmonic generation of laser light in iron thin films to measure electron spin on a quadrillionth-of-a-second time scale.
Researchers at the University of Bath use sound waves to levitate particles, discovering multiple shapes they can assemble into when brought together. The team found that changing sound-wave frequency can manipulate clusters and influence emergent shape.
A device called VibeForward reduces symptoms of freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease by providing vibration therapy through a portable, non-invasive shoe. The technology has shown early evidence to help improve daily life for those with the condition.
Research finds that trauma-exposed individuals, regardless of PTSD status, struggle with suppressing memories. Neuroimaging data reveals reduced activation in the right middle frontal gyrus, a critical region for memory suppression, among trauma-exposed participants.
A study at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified MAP3K8 as the most commonly mutated gene in pediatric spitzoid melanoma, driving cancer growth and treatment response. Comprehensive genomic testing revealed novel mutations, including kinase fusions, that may be targeted by precision medicines.
Researchers from the University of Plymouth detail a blueprint for city marine parks to connect urban areas with their people and the reciprocal benefits of the marine environment. The study highlights the potential of these parks to contribute to community wellbeing, economic prosperity, and sustainability.
A study by NC State University found that urbanization and scale-insect abundance, rather than latitudinal warming, are key drivers of tree health in cities. In the Southeast US, cities at mid-latitudes showed poorer tree health due to high volumes of tree-destroying scale insects.
The mini cheetah robot's lightweight, high-power design enables it to perform a 360-degree backflip and walk on uneven terrain. The robot's modular design allows for easy repair and replacement of damaged parts.
Researchers found that sarcopenia is significantly associated with poor response to cancer treatments, including PD-1 inhibitors. Increasing muscle mass prior to treatment may predict treatment effectiveness and improve long-term outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Scientists from two French teams have identified 79 new 'sugar cleavers' enzymes using bioinformatics methods, expanding the known families to over 200. These enzymes can serve as tools in domains like bioenergy, cosmetics, and nutrition.
A new study explores an episodic bundled payment model for breast cancer screening reflecting the widespread adoption of DBT. The analysis found that non-DBT approaches to bundled payment models remain viable, but higher DBT-inclusive prices highlight the need to explore societal costs more broadly.
The partnership will provide insights into disease progression and responses to treatment, helping clinicians identify risk factors and inform personalized treatment planning. The project's goal is to promote proactive and tailored care to prevent disease deterioration and improve patient outcomes.
Research by University of Nottingham scientists found that environmental contaminants like DEHP and PCB153 can damage sperm quality in both men and domestic dogs. The study suggests that exposure to these chemicals may be contributing to declining human male fertility.
A study of megalodon and its ancestor Carcharocles chubutensis found that the iconic shark's teeth took millions of years to evolve from three-pronged forks to broad, flat cutting tools. The transition was a slow process that occurred over 20-7.6 million years.
Researchers improve energy density of supercapacitors using a suitable electrolyte solvent, doubling the charge storage capacity of titanium carbide MXenes. The study reveals that specific solvents can significantly increase charging speed and boost energy storage.
A new study by Prof. Sarah-Maria Fendt and her PhD student Ilaria Elia found that breast cancer cells require pyruvate to reshape the lung environment and create a pro-tumor niche. In contrast, normal bone cells rely on glutamine for this process.
A recent study published in JNeurosci analyzed brain scans from over 600 children and adolescents, revealing genetically-mediated associations between brain region size and intelligence. The research suggests that evolutionary expansion of the human brain is largely under genetic control.
A randomized controlled trial conducted across 18 countries found that steroid use during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery did not reduce the risk of acute kidney injury in patients at high risk of death. The study included 7286 patients and found no significant difference between those receiving steroids and those on placebo.
A recent study examines California's climate over a centuries-long time period, linking long-term wind patterns to future wildfire risks. The research provides a stronger foundation for evaluating regional natural hazards in the state.
A recent study reveals that sonar disturbs the feeding behavior of blue whales, especially in deep patches of krill. The researchers tracked the whales' movements using suction tags and found that they stop feeding when sonar signals are present, but often resume soon after.
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute discovered a combination drug therapy that may effectively combat the disease. The study, led by Conan Kinsey and Martin McMahon, found a strong response in mouse models and may be a promising therapy for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Researchers propose that obliquity is a key factor in the formation of pairs of over-tilting exoplanets, leading to extreme seasons and weather patterns. The study could have significant implications for estimating the structure, climate, and habitability of these planets.
By teaching a computer to simulate the electronic structure of aluminum and polyethylene using machine learning, researchers have developed a faster method that produces similar results. This approach has the potential to enable the design of more efficient electronic devices.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that sharing personal information online can harm romantic relationships, but including a partner in the post can counteract this effect. The study suggests that overly personal posts can negatively impact partners' feelings of intimacy and satisfaction.
A new national poll reveals that one in four older adults experience feelings of loneliness, with those aged 50-80 who have health issues being most affected. Poor physical and mental health, hearing loss, and unhealthy habits are associated with a lack of companionship and feeling isolated.
The new center, Neuron Pod, is a 23-meter-long free-standing structure designed by Will Alsop OBE RA at aLL Design. It offers hands-on workshops, live science shows, and exhibitions, aiming to inspire pupils to pursue careers in sciences.
A new study reveals that the red tide-causing species Karenia brevis can efficiently utilize carbon dioxide in both high- and low-CO2 environments. The algae is able to thrive equally well in disparate concentrations, making it more resilient than previously thought.
Caregiving in Canada is becoming increasingly demanding and stressful, with many untrained individuals providing medical and nursing care. The need for caregiving will increase as the ageing population grows, posing a risk to caregivers' mental and physical health.
Researchers have created high-resolution maps to predict the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, pinpointing areas of concern like large urban areas in southern US and China. The tool will help public health officials target interventions efficiently to reduce disease burden.
A study by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) finds that technological advances in agriculture are not sufficient to address biodiversity loss, which is driven by population and economic growth. The research highlights the need for policies addressing these factors to mitigate biodiversity decline.
A team of researchers at Dartmouth's Norris Cotton Cancer Center has developed a deep neural network to classify different types of lung adenocarcinoma on histopathology slides. The model achieved high accuracy comparable to that of pathologists, showing great potential for assisting in prognosis and treatment.
A new study estimates that living in districts with intense crop residue burning increases the risk of acute respiratory infection three-fold among children. The study also found that crop burning causes an estimated USD 30 billion annual economic loss due to exposure to air pollution. Implementing targeted government initiatives can i...
A recent University of Liverpool research published in Pediatrics highlights the negative influence of social media on children's food intake. The study found that marketing unhealthy foods through YouTube vloggers' Instagram pages increases children's immediate energy intake, with no significant effect from healthy snack marketing.
According to Binghamton University professor Nina Flanagan, a positive mindset is crucial for maintaining a productive work environment in the healthcare field. Negativity can spread from leaders if not addressed.
Patient-centered care has merged with the concept of patients as consumers, potentially causing harm. The consumer metaphor fails to account for health care's distinct characteristics, such as lack of information and time to select options. Instead, costs are driven by physician compensation and government failure to negotiate prices.
Researchers from Tel Aviv University and MIT have identified the explanation for the EMC effect, which describes how quarks move more slowly inside atomic nuclei. The team found that the number of protons and neutrons forming short-ranged correlated pairs determines the speed of quarks.
Researchers at UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine discovered genetic flags in 17% of tumors indicating susceptibility to existing chemotherapy drugs. The study's findings could lead to personalized treatment approaches for pancreatic cancer patients, increasing survival rates.
Researchers at UCF have created standards for simulated extraterrestrial surface material, allowing for accurate comparisons of test results across studies. The standardized simulant has a high fidelity match with a real meteorite, making it valuable for companies doing asteroid mining and testing.
A nationwide cohort study of Danish children found no link between MMR vaccination and autism. The study included 657,461 children and analyzed their risk for autism after vaccination. No increased risk was observed in susceptible subgroups or during specified time periods.
A recent study published in Neuropsychopharmacology reveals that young adults at risk of addiction show differences in the putamen brain region, which is associated with impulsivity and addictive disorders. The research suggests that individuals displaying higher levels of impulsivity tend to have lower myelin levels in this area.
Researchers from ITMO University create sensors that can detect and analyze nano-objects using inkjet printing technology. The sensors work by measuring changes in color caused by the attachment of nanoscale objects to a transparent film.
Researchers at the University of Utah have developed a rapid and efficient method to extract lipids from algae, making it a more viable alternative fuel source. The new process uses a specially-designed jet mixer that extracts the lipids with much less energy than current methods.
Researchers found that tiny swimmers can form large flocks swimming in the same direction, resulting in huge effects and unexpected behavior. The movement of microorganisms is crucial to research in materials science, engineering, and biochemistry.
Researchers developed a virtual frame technique that enables ordinary digital cameras to capture millions of frames per second for several seconds while maintaining high spatial resolution. This allows for the direct imaging of dynamic cracks as they form, enabling the study of fracture toughness and properties of construction materials.
A study published in Nature Medicine reveals that celastrol increases brain sensitivity to leptin, leading to reduced food intake and weight loss. The research identifies a pro-inflammatory signaling pathway involving the IL1R1 receptor as key to understanding celastrol's effects.
Older women who are sporty or bisexual tend to have had a higher number of lifetime sexual partners. Meanwhile, income and same-sex preference play a significant role in the number of partners for older men. The study highlights the importance of considering sociodemographic factors when assessing health risks.
A Michigan Medicine study reveals that combining aspirin with warfarin increases the risk of major bleeding events. The study found that nearly 2,500 patients were taking both medications without a clear reason, and that clinicians should review medical history to determine if it's necessary.
A team of researchers identified the genes responsible for the hallmark sour taste of many citrus fruits. By analyzing these genes, plant breeders can develop new, sweeter varieties by targeting related genes that reduce acidity. The discovery could lead to the creation of better-tasting citrus fruits.
HIV patients face a range of cardiovascular risks due to chronic inflammation, immune activation, and antiretroviral therapy side effects. Experts provide guidance on managing CVD in this growing patient population.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a theory explaining why monolayer crystal islands align on vicinal substrates, allowing for large-scale growth of 2D materials like graphene and h-BN. The 'digital filter' mechanism helps to overcome small indentations in the steps, enabling seamless merging of the crystals.
New study finds that within two to three years after first infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria adapt rapidly, growing slower and optimizing fitness to survive. Clinicians can monitor bacterial traits such as attachment to surfaces and aggregation in biofilms to detect early chronic infections.
A new study published in Ecological Monographs provides insights into the survivability of the desert yellowhead, a rare Wyoming plant. The research found that negative density dependence and diversity in the plant's responses to environmental factors have allowed it to persist in small numbers.
A new approach called BIO-PC uses semi-permeable capsules containing diverse DNA logic gates for molecular sensing and computation. This method increases speed, modularity, and designability of computational circuits, reducing cross-talk between DNA strands.
A study reveals that plastics are the main component of marine litter in Spanish waters, with high densities in the Alboran Sea. The research also shows that waste accumulation has remained stable in some areas, while others have seen a decrease in density over time.
A recent study has identified Corynebacterium ulcerans, a close relative of the diphtheria-causing bacterium, in diseased hedgehogs. The discovery raises concerns about animal-to-human transmission and emphasizes the importance of proper hygiene measures and vaccination for protection against diphtheria.
Scientists have identified a novel infection route for influenza A viruses, utilizing MHC class II proteins to infect human and animal cells. This discovery raises questions about the risk of spill-over infections to other species and the evolutionary genesis of influenza viruses.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that gut immune cells operate under harsh conditions and use a more socialistic principle to select B cells with varying levels of antibody affinity. This unique process may lead to the development of more effective oral vaccines.