A new Weyl semimetal delivers the largest intrinsic conversion of light to electricity, exceeding previous records by tenfold. The unique material exploits electron chirality for non-linear generation of direct current.
Researchers have identified new key players in the methane cycle, discovering widespread metabolic pathways in archaea. The study found that different variants of methane metabolism are common in these microorganisms, suggesting a greater importance in global carbon balancing than previously thought.
Researchers found that luminescent bacteria in the squid's light organ change gene expression in other organs, highlighting the importance of bacterial bioluminescence. The study also shows that coordination between the eye and light organ is crucial for the animal's behavior.
A study published in EMBO Reports found that the common oral bacterium F. nucleatum accelerates colon cancer growth by inducing the production of protein Annexin A1, which stimulates cancer cell growth. This discovery may help predict aggressive colon cancers and identify new treatment targets.
UC San Diego Health, Ochsner Health System, Sutter Health and Stanford Health Care developed diverse models of care incorporating patient-centered technologies with measurable outcomes. Technology improved medication adherence for hypertension and diabetes, reduced distress in cancer patients, and enhanced patient engagement.
A Rutgers study found that smokers perceive snus as less harmful for lung cancer and heart disease but more harmful for oral cancer. The researchers suggest that quitting tobacco is the best course of action, while switching to snus may reduce risks for non-quitters.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has selected several leaders in the field of sleep medicine as 2019 award recipients. The AASM President Dr. Douglas Kirsch congratulated the awardees, noting their achievements in academic research, clinical care, public policy, and education. The 2019 award recipients include Patrick J. Strollo,...
A study published in Nature Plants has revealed structural networks of tubules at the plant-fungal interface that facilitate lipid transfer between organisms, potentially shedding light on mechanisms of symbiotic relationships and their role in reducing fertilizer usage.
Researchers have uncovered three new species and subspecies of ancient mammals that once roamed the Cayman Islands. These mammals, including large rodents and a shrew-like creature, are believed to have gone extinct due to human arrival and introduced species.
Tevis Jacobs will study individual nanoparticles using electron microscopy to understand atomic-scale relationships between adhesion and coarsening. The award enables the development of new methods for measuring nanoparticle attachment and stability on surfaces.
A new study by Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona researchers shows that tactile and proprioceptive stimulation can improve the effects of perinatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injuries throughout life. In particular, male mice benefited from sensory stimulation with reduced neurological damage and improved functional capacities.
The HPTN 071 (PopART) study demonstrates a community-wide HIV prevention strategy can significantly reduce new HIV infections. Delivering in-home HIV testing with immediate referral to care and treatment led to a 30% decrease in new infections, outperforming another strategy offering universal treatment.
Researchers at TU Dresden are developing a technical assistance system that allows users to control devices using only tongue movements. The system, called Zungenmaus, aims to maintain everyday skills in patients with sensory and motor function impairments.
A study analyzing genetic data from 791 family trios identified 160 genes associated with preterm birth, many related to inflammatory pathways. Candidate biomarker genes were found in the RAB31 and RBPJ genes, implicated in both preterm and very early births.
Researchers created a 3D vascularized proximal tubule model to study renal reabsorption outside the human body. The model exhibited functional epithelial and endothelial cell morphologies and transported glucose effectively, allowing for the testing of drugs and modeling of diseases.
A new monitoring method uses thermal stress measurements to identify drought conditions sooner, enabling conservation measures and reducing damage. The method, developed by Duke University researchers, combines surface and air temperature data from thousands of weather stations and satellite images.
A study of 60 cultures from around the world identifies seven universal moral rules that promote cooperation and the common good. These rules, including helping family, returning favors, and respecting others' property, were consistently found in all societies, regardless of region or culture.
A new study suggests that incumbent politicians often negotiate weak treaties to improve their reelection chances, rather than prioritizing effective climate change mitigation. This analysis from the Journal of Political Economy explores how domestic policymakers' incentives and election fears drive treaty outcomes.
Proteins exhibit surprising electrical conductivity when connected to electrodes via specific molecules, paving the way for sensitive chemical sensors. The study identifies six proteins capable of conductance, with two specific contacts resulting in highest conductivity.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory and University of Cambridge used supercomputing and machine learning to identify five high-performing organic dye materials for dye-sensitized solar cells. The study demonstrates the full cycle of data-driven materials discovery, from simulation to laboratory testing.
A research team created a nanoscale 'playground' on a chip to simulate the formation of exotic magnetic particles called monopoles. The simulation follows 'ice rules,' allowing north or south poles to move freely, mimicking real-world magnetic behavior.
The updated guideline recommends using electronic oscillometric devices for accurate office blood pressure measurement, reducing human errors associated with the auscultatory approach. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is also recommended to screen for white coat and masked hypertension in clinical practice.
A recent study found that disclosing bed bug infestations to potential tenants can lead to cost savings for landlords within five years. The legislation also aims to reduce the spread of bed bugs by promoting prompt treatment and respect for tenant rights, ultimately benefiting public health.
A simple age-based recommendation for pneumococcal vaccination at 50 may improve immunization rates and mitigate racial disparities, with potential cost-effectiveness improvements as vaccination rates increase
A new fact-checking computer program has identified sequence errors in 25% of biomedical research papers, including identity errors and typographic errors. The program, Seek & Blastn, could help deter fraudulent publications and re-evaluate existing conclusions.
A new study finds that California's wildfire season is no longer influenced by winter precipitation, but rather by decades of fire suppression and rising temperatures due to climate change. The research team used tree rings and historical records to reconstruct fire and moisture patterns over the past 400 years.
Researchers identified the first genetic defect linked to biliary atresia, a mysterious liver disease causing liver transplantation in children. The study found five patients with disabling mutations in the gene PKD1L1, which was also linked to heterotaxy and congenital heart disease.
Researchers found past associations between jet stream dynamics, winter precipitation, and fire activity in California, with dry extremes linked to weaker NPJ zonal velocity. Future climate simulations suggest increasing temperatures will lead to reduced snowpack, drier summers, and increased fire risk under high CO2 conditions.
Provinces in China with tighter cultures exhibit lower rates of radical innovation but higher incremental innovation, urbanization, economic growth, and gender equality. Tighter cultures are also associated with improved health and tolerant attitudes towards others.
Researchers measured the area impacted by humans in Antarctica for the first time, finding that 81% of buildings are located within 0.44% of ice-free land, which supports diverse flora and fauna.
A new dental filling material made with thiourethane could significantly extend its lifespan, reducing the need for frequent fillings and related complications. The material has been shown to be two times more resistant to breakage than standard fillings.
Research on social cognition reveals that implicit attitudes play a crucial role in shaping stereotypical beliefs about social groups. The study found that individuals' automatic positive-negative judgments supersede specific group traits or stereotypes.
Researchers at Georgia Tech and Multiscale Systems Inc. used percolation theory to model how a large-scale hack on Internet-connected cars would affect traffic in Manhattan. A small-scale hack affecting only 10% of vehicles could cause citywide gridlock, while using multiple networks for connected vehicles decreases the risk.
The new quantum sensor developed by researchers at the University of Waterloo promises significant advancements in long-range 3D imaging and monitoring the success of cancer treatments. The sensors can detect single particles of light with high timing resolution, speed, and efficiency over an unparalleled wavelength range.
Recent widespread fires in California suggest a shift in climate-fire relationships, where increased temperatures and drier summers will override the dynamical influence of the North Pacific Jet. The researchers reconstructed over 400 years of North Pacific Jet variability, finding that fire suppression may be responsible for this change.
Researchers at IBS have identified the mistake-rate of DNA editing tools using CRISPR and adenine base editors. The study reveals that ABE7.10, a widely used gene engineering tool, has an average of 60 off-target mistakes in the human genome.
Researchers discovered thousands of tiny 'ice quakes' on the McMurdo Ice Shelf that appear to be caused by pools of partially melted ice expanding and freezing at night. This phenomenon may help track glacier melting and explain the breakup of large ice shelves.
Researchers have developed a new vaccine strategy for tuberculosis that protects against the disease by delivering a vaccine directly into the lungs through a spray. The new formulation shows promise in mice studies, with significantly reduced lung inflammation and tissue damage compared to current vaccines.
Scientists have created a 3D printable sensor that can detect tiny amounts of water, changing color from purple to blue in wet conditions. The sensor is made of a cheap, flexible, and non-toxic copper-based compound that can be printed into various shapes.
A global team predicts that by 2050, 49% of the world's population will live in areas where Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are established. Climate change and human migration patterns drive the spread of these disease-carrying insects.
Purdue researchers have successfully probed interference of quasiparticles using a new device. The device, built with molecular beam epitaxy, overcomes technical challenges to observe quantum mechanical effects. This breakthrough may be key to developing topological qubits and advancing quantum computing.
A team of neuroscientists found that the brain's pathways play a crucial role in shaping speech rhythms, with some people synchronizing their speech to match external rhythms while others do not. High synchronizers have more white matter volume in key brain pathways and better language learning abilities than low synchronizers.
A Mayo Clinic study found that people with sleep apnea had higher accumulations of the toxic protein tau in the entorhinal cortex, a part of the brain responsible for memory, navigation, and perception. This association may suggest a link between sleep disruption and an increased risk of dementia.
A new article highlights the need for public health institutions to develop truth-telling relationships with communities affected by smoking disparities. Researchers argue that accurate and comprehensive information about the differential harms of tobacco and nicotine products is crucial for promoting trust and informed decision-making.
Researchers found that light pulses can induce eta pairing in Mott insulators, turning them into superconductors. This unconventional type of conductivity arises from repulsive interactions between electrons and is believed to take place under non-equilibrium conditions.
A study found that women are less likely to be treated promptly for heart attack symptoms compared to men. Women's delays in seeking medical attention contribute to worse outcomes and increased mortality rates.
A new study by UCL researchers finds that alien species are the primary cause of recent global extinctions, responsible for 126 extinctions. Many plant and animal species, including mammals and birds, have been affected, with some species, such as rats and cats, being major contributors.
Researchers discovered that resurrection plants control their water structure to survive dehydration by accumulating water molecular dimers and molecules with 4 hydrogen bonds. This regulation allows them to preserve tissues against dehydration-induced damages, enabling survival in dry states.
Researchers found people with sleep apnea had 4.5% higher levels of tau in the entorhinal cortex, an area critical for memory and navigation. The study suggests a possible link between sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease biomarker tau accumulation.
A large observational study found that patients with STEMI who were directly admitted to primary PCI centres had significantly better long-term survival than those transferred from other hospitals. The time gap between diagnosis and treatment was also shorter, contributing to the improved outcomes.
A study of 2,564 patients who had a heart attack found that those traveling had a lower risk of long-term all-cause death if treated promptly. Patients traveling were younger and had a higher prevalence of STEMI, a serious type of heart attack.
The Association for Computing Machinery recognizes outstanding research in computer science education, highlighting key findings such as the importance of understanding student misconceptions and the efficacy of peer instruction. The top ten papers are chosen from among the best presented at the SIGCSE Technical Symposium over 49 years.
A recent study by Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that home births are three times more dangerous than hospital deliveries, with a significant increase in perinatal mortality. The study analyzed data from over 3,500 women who gave birth at home and compared it to hospital births, resulting in a higher risk of infant mortality.
A new sleep index developed by Magdy Younes predicts the success of weaning critically ill patients from mechanical ventilation. Longer durations of full wakefulness are highly correlated with a successful separation, while poor correlation between brain hemispheres predicts failure.
Researchers are using machine learning to analyze seismic data, identify earthquake centers and distinguish seismic activity from noise. Machine learning methods can also preserve analog records of past earthquakes by categorizing images.
A new study has created a 3D reconstruction of a marmoset brain and mapped neuronal connectivity across the entire brain with unparalleled detail. The resulting data set may offer insights into human neural connectivity and potentially lead to therapeutic advances for human diseases.
Scientists at Newcastle University have identified limonene as the main component responsible for keeping tomato whiteflies away from plants. The study found that marigolds release limonene, a chemical that repels whiteflies without harming them.
Researchers developed a new blood test that can identify individual molecules in human blood samples with minimal detection errors, including rare cancer-associated proteins like mutant p53 and PD-L1. This breakthrough enables accurate disease diagnosis and novel insights into cancer mechanisms.
Despite the risks, many health care workers do not use recommended personal protective equipment when handling chemotherapy. A study from Michigan Medicine found that nurses who reported handling hazardous drugs had twice the risk of reproductive problems.
Severe pediatric TBI affects approximately 7,000 childhood deaths annually, while survivors may suffer from long-term health conditions. The updated guidelines include eight new treatment recommendations to promote high standards of care and improve survival rates.