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Science News Archive 2019 - Page 90


Page 90 of 486

Bringing attention to visual neglect in stroke

A team of researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and Northeastern University received a $1.2M NSF award to develop a BCI system for detecting, assessing, and rehabilitating unilateral spatial neglect in stroke survivors. The system will use EEG monitoring and augmented reality to provide personalized intervention strategies.

New measurement of Hubble constant adds to cosmic mystery

A new measurement of the Hubble constant has been made using light from extremely distant galaxies, estimating a value of 76.8 kilometers per second per megaparsec. The result is comparable to previous estimates but differs significantly from other methods, sparking debate about potential new physics beyond our current understanding.

SourceUniversity of California - Davis·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateOct 23, 2019

Cracking the mystery of nature's toughest material

A team of researchers has revealed how nacre, the rainbow-sheened material lining mussel shells, achieves its remarkable hardness and resilience. By studying the nano-engineering process, they found that combining microscopic 'bricks' of aragonite with organic mortar enables strength without losing resilience, setting it apart from hum...

SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalNature Communications·DateOct 23, 2019

Researchers find risk factors for unemployment with multiple sclerosis vary by age

A recent study found that risk factors for unemployment among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) differ by age group. Factors such as physical symptoms, psychological issues, and person-specific traits were identified as contributing to the high unemployment rate among MS patients, with younger and older adults experiencing diffe...

SourceKessler Foundation·JournalJournal of Health Psychology·DateOct 23, 2019

Pathogenic tau and cognitive impairment are precipitated by a high-salt diet

A high-salt diet can cause cognitive impairment by activating a pathway in the brain that leads to tau protein clumping, according to a new study. The researchers found that this effect is not due to a loss in blood flow to the brain, but rather to the accumulation of tau protein aggregates that interfere with brain cell function.

Choosing the best embryos

Researchers from CRCHUM unveiled a mechanism that likely contributes to the low level of pregnancy success in some fertility clinics. Healthy cells usually have one nucleus, but many fertility clinics transfer so-called 'binucleated embryos' with two nuclei back to patients. The study found that binucleation increases the chances of an...

Stressing cancer with spice

A new study reveals that PGV-1, an analogue of turmeric's curcumin, effectively suppresses tumor cell growth and causes cell death in various types of cancers. The compound's ability to selectively target cancer cells with minimal side effects may lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment.

SourceNara Institute of Science and Technology·JournalScientific Reports·DateOct 23, 2019

Driverless cars could lead to more traffic congestion

New research from the University of Adelaide predicts that driverless cars could increase traffic congestion in Australia's City of Adelaide. The study, which surveyed over 500 commuters, found that autonomous vehicles may lead to an adverse impact on public transport, causing peak period vehicle flows to rise.

SourceUniversity of Adelaide·JournalUrban Policy and Research·DateOct 23, 2019

Too many older adults readmitted to hospitals with same infections they took home

A University of Michigan study found that 15% of older adults readmitted to hospitals within a month after discharge, with many returning for preexisting infections. Patients discharged home or to home care were more likely to return with linked infections than those discharged to skilled nursing homes, contradicting conventional wisdom.

SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalJournal of the American Geriatrics Society·DateOct 23, 2019

The sweet taste of innovation

A new US food-labeling policy will require packaging to display the amount of added sugars and their daily value. Food companies are developing low- or no-calorie sweeteners, such as allulose, which promises to deliver sugar properties with one-tenth the calories.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalChemical & Engineering News·DateOct 23, 2019

Mayo Clinic studies patient privacy in MRI research

A Mayo Clinic study reveals that commercial facial recognition software can accurately identify people from brain MRI scans, even with image face removal. The study found an 83% success rate in identifying participants using publicly available facial recognition software.

SourceMayo Clinic·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateOct 23, 2019

Mapping millet genetics

Researchers have generated genetic resources for three different varieties of millets, which can lead to the development of new crop varieties. The study's findings uncover tiny differences in DNA sequences that may be connected to characteristics like drought tolerance and growth rate.

SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalThe Plant Genome·DateOct 23, 2019

BU researchers accurately estimate the sex of skeletons based on elbow features

Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine have found that examining the distal humerus (elbow) bone is superior to previous techniques for identifying sex in a non-Asian population. The study used over 600 modern, documented skeletons from Thailand and found that the shape of the elbow differs between females and males.

SourceBoston University School of Medicine·JournalJournal of Forensic Sciences·DateOct 23, 2019

Clues to improve cancer immunotherapy revealed

A new study reveals that helper T cells play a vital role in cancer immunotherapy, and activating them alongside killer T cells can lead to more effective treatments. The research suggests that combining immune checkpoint therapy with vaccines targeting both types of T cells may be the key to improving treatment outcomes for patients

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalNature·DateOct 23, 2019

Turning plastic trash into treasure

Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new catalytic method to upcycle single-use plastics into high-quality liquid products, such as motor oils, lubricants, and cosmetics. This breakthrough improves current recycling methods, producing fewer greenhouse gases and toxic byproducts, while contributing to a circular economy.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalACS Central Science·DateOct 23, 2019

Study examines first use of flavored tobacco products

A nationwide study of over 38,400 participants found a link between using flavored tobacco products for the first time and subsequent continued use. The findings suggest that flavored tobacco products may pose a significant public health risk, particularly among young adults.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Network Open·DateOct 23, 2019

By popular demand

Researchers developed an algorithm to recommend tags for social media posts, resulting in a 20% boost in popularity. The system takes into account user popularity and content emotional impressions to suggest effective tags.