A large study found that taking common hypertension medications such as ACE inhibitors and ARBs can lower the risk of developing colorectal cancer. The benefits were seen in patients over 55 and those with a history of colon polyps, but only for the first three years after a negative baseline colonoscopy.
A North Carolina State University expert suggests using a framework that considers three variables: agent intent, deed, and consequence. This approach can lead to more nuanced moral judgments, similar to human moral judgment.
A new software program can identify drug-resistant genes in bacteria with up to 90% accuracy. The WSU research team developed a machine-learning algorithm that uses features of AMR proteins to identify AMR genes, providing a more efficient way to predict antimicrobial resistance.
Researchers used computer simulations and geological records to estimate magnetic field changes. They found that changes in the direction of the Earth's magnetic field may occur up to 10 times faster than previously thought, with rapid shifts associated with local weakening of the field.
The pandemic amplifies existing biases against women in academia, including underrepresentation in administrative positions and pay disparities. Women with intersecting identities face even greater challenges due to racial and ethnic bias.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have created a 'room-temperature all-liquid-metal battery' that combines the benefits of existing options. The battery can provide more energy, increased stability and flexibility without the limitations of solid-state batteries.
A new study found that overweight and obese fathers are more likely to receive nutrition or exercise counseling than men without children. This increased referral rate may be attributed to the father's commitment to their child's health, highlighting a potential opportunity for healthcare providers to positively influence family outcomes.
Researchers discovered that Sun-like stars create lithium later in their lives, after swelling into red giants, contradicting previous theories. This finding will help improve understanding and modeling of Sun-like stars, including their contribution to the lithium content of our Galaxy and planets like Earth.
Researchers have discovered that DNA resection pathways are highly specific and designed to repair distinct types of DNA damage, challenging the notion of redundancy in these mechanisms. This understanding has significant implications for cancer therapy and the development of new treatments.
Researchers at KAUST developed a new fluorescent multiplex cell rolling assay (FMCR) to analyze cell adhesion, speeding up the process and enabling analysis of multiple cell types. The technique has applications in studying cellular processes in inflammation or cancer cell metastasis.
A team of scientists demonstrates a low-threshold topological nanolaser in a 2D topological photonic crystal nanocavity, achieving high performance comparable to conventional semiconductor lasers. The design features a second-order corner state that provides robustness against defects and enhances light-matter interaction.
A team of researchers identified how a single-celled organism produces flashlights in response to mechanical forces, shedding light on the underlying physics. The study showed that the brightness depends on both the depth and rate of deformation.
Researchers discover that cytomegalovirus enters a dormant state by varying protein levels in viral particles, allowing the virus to survive and persist for life. This 'bet-hedging' strategy enables the virus to balance between infectiousness and latency.
A team of researchers from NYU Tandon School of Engineering used machine learning to reverse-engineer 3D-printed composite parts, demonstrating a method to capture fiber orientation with high accuracy. The study highlights the potential risks of intellectual property theft in 3D printing and emphasizes the need for secure toolpaths.
Researchers have successfully observed Josephson oscillations in a 2D Fermi gas, providing new insights into the nature of strongly correlated quantum systems and their potential to revolutionize power distribution through room temperature superconductors.
Researchers suggest Epo may mitigate severe disease progression and protect patients from neurological effects in Covid-19. Initial case studies indicate a positive effect of Epo treatment, with one patient showing rapid recovery after treatment.
Researchers found that random movements allow cells to overcome pushing forces and return to the stem cell niche. The team's findings suggest that the dynamics and geometry of tissues play a crucial role in defining stem cell number and dynamics, potentially opening new insights into organ renewal.
Researchers discovered that 85.8% of lake water samples were supersaturated with nitrogen gas, suggesting a lack of balance between nitrogen inputs and fixation. The findings highlight the need for terrestrial nitrogen sources to mitigate nitrogen loss in the lakes.
Researchers identified over 1,100 genetic variants associated with colony-wide aggression levels in response to simulated attacks. A chromosomal region containing genes involved in brain development was found to be strongly linked to the evolution of gentler Africanized honey bees.
Researchers have developed a new system delivering few-ps pulses at 2 μm wavelength with peak power of 17 GW, exceeding previous records. The system features excellent stability and brilliant beam quality, making it suitable for applications in nonlinear optics, spectroscopy, and materials processing.
Researchers discovered that yellow pond-lily (Nuphar lutea) exhibits a cyclic flower structure, with sepals forming two whorls and petals in a single whorl. This finding provides valuable information about the evolutionary history of angiosperms and their first flowers.
The EIC Center at Jefferson Lab has awarded six fellowships to early-career researchers working on advancing the science program of the Electron-Ion Collider. The fellowships provide $36,000 stipends and support R&D efforts towards realizing the potential of the collider.
Researchers used HTS to analyze viral genomes, tracing the evolutionary history of two emerging viruses, GPGV and GINV. They found that these viruses likely originated in Asia before spreading globally through trade and human activity.
Researchers date Shuram excursion to 574-567.3 million years ago, suggesting global synchronicity and decoupling of complex life from biogeochemical events. The study challenges traditional views on the coevolution of Ediacaran life and environment.
Researchers found that a diet dominated by vegetables, cereals, beef, and mutton remained largely unchanged after the Norman Conquest. Only short-term changes were observed, with pork becoming a more popular choice and dairy products used less.
A study published in Neurology suggests that at least one million Chinese people with epilepsy could be candidates for a standard operation to leave them seizure-free. The study found 108 patients with lesions that could potentially be cured by surgery, with a high success rate of around 70-80%.
Rutgers researchers conclude that asthma sufferers are no worse affected by SARS-CoV-2 than non-asthmatic individuals, despite older age and comorbid conditions being reported risk factors for COVID-19. Further study is needed to understand the physiological basis of this phenomenon.
A new early autism screening system has improved access to evaluations and lowered the age of diagnosis, with a mean age of 30 months compared to national average of 48-plus months. The system was developed in collaboration with healthcare professionals across Indiana, enabling primary care physicians to identify children at risk for ASD.
A recent study published by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute found that people tend to perceive non-round numbers as unique and jarring, leading to a negative evaluation. This effect has implications for public health messaging, economic marketing, and organizational behavior.
Researchers will generate a novel mouse model of TSC, characterize molecular pathways, and test two potential drug therapies to treat SEGAs. Early intervention improves prognosis for children with TSC.
Scientists have identified a role for microglia in clearing the extracellular matrix, allowing new synapses to form and improving memory. Disrupting this process can lead to memory problems, including those seen in Alzheimer's and anxiety disorders.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine found that older adults taking opioids are at a higher risk of crashing, with a 5.4% increase in reported crashes compared to non-users. However, they also tend to self-regulate their driving habits and report lower self-rated driving ability.
A new Canadian guideline found no benefit to routine screening for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor conditions in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The guideline recommends physicians continue current practice, not screening patients without alarm symptoms.
Researchers advocate for a holistic approach to global resilience by integrating natural, human, social, built and financial capitals. The 'Five Capitals' framework aims to break down silos and anticipate risks more effectively.
Researchers at Skoltech identify a component of a bacterial self-defense system that works by targeting transfer RNAs for glycine, disrupting translation and protein synthesis. The discovery may lead to the development of powerful new antibiotics by controlling each step of protein synthesis.
High-dimensional synthetic lattices emerge in photon-number space when excited by N indistinguishable photons, allowing for parallel quantum random walks with different numbers of steps on various graphs. This discovery enables the realization of an infinite number of lattices and graphs with distinct properties.
A common inherited genetic variant has been identified as a frequent cause of deafness in adults. The RIPOR2 genetic variant is found in thousands of people at risk of developing hearing loss, making it an ideal target for gene therapy. Researchers estimate that up to 30,000 individuals in northern Europe may be affected.
A new study found that global success for Canadian companies depends on prior R&D investment and the company's ability to learn from international exposure. The research shows that Canadian companies that go international are more productive and successful due to investments in R&D and learning from new markets.
Researchers found that home security camera traffic can be monitored by attackers to predict occupancy and future activity, leaving users vulnerable to burglary. The study highlights the need for measures to protect user privacy when using IP-connected cameras.
A new study reveals that palm trees are the most abundant tree species in American rainforests, outnumbering other tropical forest plants by a significant margin. The research, led by scientists at Uppsala University and University of Campinas, Brazil, has quantified palm numbers globally for the first time.
Athletes involved in contact sports face increased risk of injury after months of individual training, requiring special caution upon resumption. Experts recommend tailored training progression and careful management to minimize risks.
Researchers developed ancestral biotinylation enzymes to improve proximity-dependent biotin identification. The new AirID enzyme showed higher activity, specificity, and lower toxicity than previous types, enabling comprehensive analysis of protein interactions.
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists have developed a computational tool called cis-X to identify alterations that drive tumor formation in the human genome. The method analyzes abnormal expression of tumor RNA and identifies novel pathogenic variants and oncogenes activated by such variants in regulatory noncoding DNA.
A new study published in Environmental Research found that short, frequent walks in blue spaces significantly improve well-being and mood. Researchers measured participants' blood pressure and heart rate before, during, and after walks in a beach environment versus urban environments.
Scientists study FG-NUPs in normal and colorectal cancer cells, finding altered conformational dynamics in cancer cells. The structure of the central plug is smaller, hindering filamentous features in cancer cells.
A new algorithm developed by researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center can predict PTSD risk in trauma survivors with high precision. The tool uses routinely collected medical data and has been tested on 377 adult trauma survivors, with 90% of those categorized as PTSD risks developing long-lasting symptoms within a year.
Chinese researchers successfully reversed single magnetic vortex circulation using an electric field, demonstrating a promising approach for future spintronic devices with higher storage density and lower power consumption. The study reveals a new magnetoelectric coupling mechanism for controlling nanoscale chiral spin textures.
Researchers report a small fossil reptile named Kongonaphon kely, related to dinosaurs and pterosaurs, which suggests that these giant animals originated from extremely small ancestors. The analysis of body size evolution and fossil wear indicates a diet of insects.
A UK study found that nurses who follow revamped guidelines make nearly two and half times fewer mistakes when administering intravenous medicines. The modified instructions present the same information in a user-friendly way, leading to faster injection procedures and increased nurse confidence.
Boston University researchers have developed artificial genes called biosensors that can detect changes in signaling molecules, which are molecular on/off switches inside cells. These biosensors have the potential to improve drug development by allowing researchers to study G-proteins more accurately and easily.
A 20-year study found that 16% of cancer patients used their frozen eggs and embryos, with a remarkable 71% birth rate among those who did. Fertility preservation can be effective for young women diagnosed with cancer, with ovarian tissue cryopreservation and oocyte freezing offering good options.
A study analyzed biogeographic distributions of 52,318 marine fossils and found the latitudinal diversity gradient flattened rapidly during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction due to intense global warming and reduced ocean oxygen levels. The curve gradually returned to resemble modern biodiversity patterns after around 5 million years.
A newly described species from Madagascar suggests that dinosaurs and pterosaurs originated from extremely small ancestors. The discovery sheds light on the origins of flight in pterosaurs and the presence of 'fuzz' on the skin of both groups.
Scientists have identified a new proton-conducting material with high conductivity and oxygen-deficient layers, which could lead to more efficient and scalable fuel cell technology. This discovery could enable the development of low-cost and efficient fuel cells, crucial for a sustainable energy economy.
Moffitt researchers discovered deltaNp63 protein plays a key role in facilitating cancer spread by oscillating its expression. The protein is overexpressed in many primary tumors and metastases, and its silence is required for cancer cells to undergo EMT.
A new analysis by University of Virginia Health System researchers found that Sweden's lack of lockdown during COVID-19 led to more deaths and greater healthcare demand than countries with earlier interventions. However, Sweden fared better than expected when considering public-health mandates alone, similar to France, Italy, and Spain.
The digitally reconstructed shrine of Saint Thomas Becket has been created using new evidence and features iron grilles that enclosed the shrine. The reconstruction is based on surviving fragments discovered in Canterbury Cathedral and suggests the shrine was built between 1180 and 1220.
A recent study reveals the cause behind the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurological problems, including Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms. The unique role of an adipokine called Lipocalin-2 in causing neuroinflammation may explain the prevalence of MAFLD among individuals with neurological disorders.
Researchers developed an approach to wirelessly power implantable devices via a skin-worn light-emitting patch, which transfers photons to a photovoltaic device integrated with the implant. The method was successfully tested in mice, demonstrating its efficacy.
A new study published in BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine suggests that people with familial hypercholesterolemia should eliminate carbs and focus on a heart-healthy diet low in sugar. The research finds no evidence to support the long-held recommendation to minimize saturated fat intake.