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Science News for February 7, 2020


Biodiversity yields financial returns

An interdisciplinary study found that biodiversity increases yield and revenue in semi-natural grasslands. The researchers discovered that maintaining higher levels of plant diversity leads to improved forage quality and increased income from milk sales, comparable to the difference between extensively and intensively farmed land.

SourceETH Zurich·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 7, 2020

Light burns with new acids

Researchers at NAIST developed a new photo-acid generator that produces Lewis acids with a significantly higher quantum yield than existing Brønsted acids. This breakthrough enables the activation of previously inaccessible biological and photo-polymer systems, opening up new opportunities for organic synthesis.

SourceNara Institute of Science and Technology·JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society·DateFeb 7, 2020

Scientists resurrect mammoth's broken genes

Researchers resurrected Wrangel Island mammoth's mutated genes to test their functionality. They found the genes did not function normally, suggesting the last mammoths were genetically unhealthy and unable to smell, providing a cautionary tale for endangered species.

SourceUniversity at Buffalo·JournalGenome Biology and Evolution·DateFeb 7, 2020

Understanding gut microbiota, one cell at a time

A novel technique called SAG-gel allows for the simultaneous analysis of multiple draft genomes from raw data, identifying bacteria that respond to dietary fiber without reference genomes. The study reveals specific gene clusters and metabolic pathways involved in breaking down inulin.

SourceWaseda University·JournalMicrobiome·DateFeb 7, 2020

Bacterial influencers -- rhizosphere microbiome mediates root metabolite exudation

Researchers discovered that the rhizosphere microbiota can shape and control root exudation through a systemic root-to-root signalling mechanism. This process, termed Systemically Induced Root Exudation of Metabolites (SIREM), triggers the secretion of acylsugars in the whole root system.

SourceLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 7, 2020

Using neutrons and X-rays to analyze the aging of lithium batteries

A team of researchers investigated electrode surfaces during charging and discharging using X-ray and neutron tomography methods. They found deformations, discontinuities, and areas with low electrolyte levels that affect battery performance. The analysis allows for the development of strategies to improve lithium battery design.

Invisible X-rays turn blue

Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology developed a new reaction system that detects X-rays at the highest sensitivity ever recorded using organic molecules. The system can detect even the faintest X-ray levels considered dangerous, making it safer for workers exposed to radiation.

SourceNara Institute of Science and Technology·JournalChemical Science·DateFeb 7, 2020

Russian scientists propose a technology reducing the cost of high-efficiency solar cells

Researchers from ITMO University have proposed a technology for manufacturing high-efficiency solar cells based on A3B5 semiconductors integrated on a silicon substrate, which may increase the efficiency of existing photovoltaic converters by 1.5 times. The new technology could lead to more effective and affordable solar energy solutions.

SourceITMO University·JournalSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells·DateFeb 7, 2020

Understanding unexplained low blood sugar in children: More than normal variation

Researchers have identified four novel genes related to glucose metabolism that appear to explain unexplained low blood sugar in at least four families. The discovery may lead to the development of a novel drug against diabetes. However, more studies are needed to confirm the exact functional significance of these genetic mutations.

High levels of PFAS affect immune, liver functions in cape fear river striped bass

Researchers have discovered high levels of PFAS chemicals in the blood of Cape Fear River striped bass, which are associated with altered immune and liver functions. The study found elevated concentrations of PFOS and Nafion byproduct 2, particularly in smaller or younger fish, highlighting the unique properties of these chemicals.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalEnvironment International·DateFeb 7, 2020

Designer proteins

Researchers are now designing new proteins from scratch with specific functions using computational methods, enabling the creation of novel structures and properties. This breakthrough has significant implications for fields such as vaccine design, targeted drug delivery, and 'smart' therapeutics.

SourceETH Zurich·JournalNature·DateFeb 7, 2020

Mapping the future direction for bioprinting research

The bioprinting research roadmap identifies key areas of progress and development, including advancements in bioinks, 3D printing processes, and crosslinking techniques. The report also highlights the potential for bioprinting to create complex biological models and therapeutic products.

SourceIOP Publishing·JournalBiofabrication·DateFeb 7, 2020