A new study shows that individuals with opioid use disorder who receive medication and residential treatment after detox have lower mortality rates. The research highlights the importance of ongoing treatment to increase survival chances.
The number of people prescribed opioids for chronic non-cancer pain increased from approximately 20% to 40% between 1991 and 2015. However, there is a crucial evidence gap in global prescription data outside the US, with few studies reporting on opioid prescribing practices in other countries.
The Hawk supercomputer boasts a peak performance of 26 Petaflops, enabling cutting-edge academic and industrial research in areas like energy efficiency, climate modeling, and pandemic research. The system will also support the digitalization of industry in Baden-Württemberg and Germany.
Researchers at USTC enhance quantum orienteering using entangling measurements via photonic quantum walks, achieving unprecedented efficiency. The method demonstrates a nonclassical phenomenon due to entanglement in quantum measurements, offering an effective recipe for realizing entangling measurements.
A preclinical study suggests that targeting overactive immune cells in the brain can limit brain cell loss and reverse cognitive and motor difficulties caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mice treated with an experimental drug recovered markedly better than control mice, showing less tissue loss and improved motor and cognitive per...
Researchers found that women are deemed more trustworthy than men in host photos, while high-quality images with the host interacting with others attract more bookings. Younger hosts and those with poor-quality photos are less sought after.
Researchers from Tokyo Tech and ERATO Japan Science and Technology have synthesized clusters of gallium in solution, demonstrating the effects of changing atom numbers on cluster properties. The study shows that structural changes can be induced in superatoms, enabling the design and preparation of new building blocks.
Archaeological findings from India's Dhaba site reveal humans survived the massive Toba eruption with stone tools similar to those in Africa. The discovery contradicts theories of a 'volcanic winter' and supports genetic evidence of human interbreeding with archaic species.
Researchers developed RLBox to protect browsers from buggy third-party libraries by sandboxing them, reducing the risk of attacks. The framework increases browser security and will be integrated into Firefox to shield users from vulnerabilities.
Researchers produce lipase enzyme from mustard seeds by-product, offering a low-cost alternative to commercial enzymes. The enzyme is stable and effective in removing oil stains, making it a prospective additive for laundry detergents.
Research found that babies in bilingual homes quickly and frequently shift their gaze between stimuli, adapting to a more complex environment. This adaptation may help infants learn multiple languages by matching speech sounds with mouth movements.
Researchers found a 110-million-year-old fossilized plant gum, which defies previous assumptions that it couldn't be preserved due to its water-soluble properties. The discovery sheds new light on the survival of plant chemicals in fossils and has significant implications for understanding ancient ecosystems.
A new study by Loma Linda University Health found that dairy milk consumption is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer in women. The study of nearly 53,000 North American women found that even moderate amounts of dairy milk can increase the risk of breast cancer, up to 80% depending on consumption levels.
A new study examines the impact of warming and increased precipitation on seeds in the Tibetan Plateau's soil seed banks. The research finds that these changes can harm the seeds, affecting their ability to germinate, grow, and survive due to factors such as temperature, moisture levels, and pathogens.
Research from Cornell University found that spending as little as 10 minutes in a natural setting can improve mood and lessen physical and mental stress in college students. The study suggests that 10-50 minutes of time spent outside is most effective in improving focus, physiological markers, and overall well-being.
Trials show that Gefapixant can ease the often distressing symptoms of chronic cough with minimal side effects. A dose of 50mg reduced coughing by 67% and another study showed that as little as 30mg was effective in reducing cough frequency.
Researchers developed a regioselective magnetization strategy to create semiconducting heteronanorods with chiroptical activities. This approach enables tuning of chiroptical activity through electric and magnetic transition dipoles.
A new study projects significant shifts in fish species distributions due to climate change, with tropical countries losing up to 40% of their species by 2100. The researchers highlight the need for international cooperation and strict greenhouse gas emissions reductions to mitigate the impact on vulnerable nations.
Scientists developed RADICL-seq to map genome-wide RNA-chromatin interactions, identifying distinct patterns of genome occupancy for different classes of transcripts. The study highlights the role of transcription in establishing chromatin structure and suggests a new understanding of non-coding RNA's regulatory function.
The NIH has begun a randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of remdesivir in hospitalized adults with COVID-19. The study aims to assess whether remdesivir can improve clinical outcomes for patients with severe respiratory illness.
Researchers examine local adaptation in over 100 species, finding that interactions among species do not spur adaptation; instead, environmental pressures like temperature and drought are key drivers.
Researchers have found a new noncentrosymmetric superconductor, CaPtAs, exhibiting unusual properties and potential for studying unconventional superconductivity. The discovery offers new opportunities to explore the effects of broken inversion symmetry on superconducting gap structure.
A 600-year study of lava flows on Réunion Island reveals a significant decline in large frugivore species after human colonization, leading to reduced plant diversity. The findings suggest that rewilding projects could help restore native frugivores and promote ecosystem recovery.
A new study from UBC Okanagan campus suggests that monitoring and protecting multiple species habitats offers better conservation outcomes than relying on a single representative species. The research found that a mixture of five to 10 game and non-game species serves as the best surrogates for biodiversity conservation.
A new epidemiological study found that women consuming at least two servings of walnuts per week had a greater likelihood of healthy aging compared to those who did not eat walnuts. The study, supported by the California Walnut Commission, suggests that adopting simple habits like snacking on walnuts can help slow down the effects of a...
A large study found that prenatal exposure to maternal metabolic conditions or mental health adversities increased the risk of childhood neurodevelopmental delays. The study suggests a potential therapeutic target in pregnancy to give children a healthier start in life, with antenatal intervention as a possible avenue for prevention.
A recent study found that social media significantly increased expressions of distrust in government regarding vaccines after the 2018 Changchun Changsheng Biotechnology vaccine incident. The researchers also observed a decrease in self-reports of vaccination and expressed support for vaccine acceptance in China.
Researchers from Mainz physicists reveal that the next generation of neutrino experiments may solve the neutrino mass ordering puzzle within three to seven years. The IceCube Upgrade and JUNO collaboration has demonstrated the effectiveness of a complementary experimental approach.
A team of scientists created an algorithm to analyze genetic information and draw conclusions about the evolutionary history of species with whole-genome duplications. The program can identify when duplication occurred, how it affected the population, and make predictions about the evolutionary path of a species.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that reduced stress is associated with changes in the plasma lipid profile, including lower levels of certain lysophosphatidylcholines and higher levels of plasmalogens. This suggests a potential molecular mechanism linking psychological well-being to metabolic health.
Researchers developed a non-invasive sensor patch that accurately predicted worsening heart failure and hospitalization among veterans with heart failure. The technology successfully detected worsening heart failure up to 6.5 days before hospital readmission, with an accuracy rate of over 80%.
A new theoretical framework based on adaptive phenotypic plasticity explains why cultures differ, providing insights into human behavior and making predictions about cultural variation. The framework suggests that proximity to family is related to high rates of prosocial behaviors.
Scientists used high-speed imaging to study droplet interactions, revealing complex behavior and surface jet formation. The findings have implications for 3D printing, where precise chemical deposition is crucial for creating complex structures.
A new study explores strategies that could help reduce emissions from the transport industry by combining economic and transport models and data from 17 regions around the world. In one scenario, countries producing only electric vehicles and implementing a carbon pricing strategy led to a global mean temperature increase of 1.82 degre...
Researchers developed a new strategy to control both target chemical production and microbe propagation, boosting muconic acid yield. The Parallel Metabolic Pathway Engineering approach allows for independent utilization of sugars for microbe growth and target chemical production.
Breast cancer support groups play a crucial role in helping underserved African-American women in Memphis overcome economic, social, and psychological barriers to diagnosis and treatment. The groups act as connectors between healthcare providers and the community, reducing death rates from breast cancer among black women in the city.
A new wearable sensor and AI technology combo can predict worsening heart failure in patients up to 80% of the time, allowing for early intervention and potential prevention of rehospitalizations. The system has shown promising results in detecting changes in heart rate, rhythm, and other normal activities before a hospitalization occurs.
A recent study published in BMC Cancer found that nearly two-thirds of women diagnosed with breast cancer experience significant weight gain, with the majority gaining over 20 kilograms. The study highlights the importance of early intervention and management strategies to prevent weight-related issues after a breast cancer diagnosis.
Research suggests that conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors are not associated with menopause age, but estrogen loss does compromise heart health. Women should be given hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to prevent this harm, according to specialists in a linked editorial.
Researchers discovered ancient Salmonella genomes in human skeletons dating back 6,500 years, shedding light on the evolution of a human pathogen. The study suggests that the Neolithic revolution facilitated the emergence of human-adapted pathogens, including Paratyphi C.
Researchers found a truncated receptor called DAF-2B that acts as a decoy to capture insulin molecules, reducing insulin signaling. This discovery may offer new insights into insulin resistance, a feature of type 2 diabetes and aging.
A new study found that parasitic trematode worms produce greater standing armies in areas of greater threat, demonstrating for the first time that animal societies can adjust army size to meet threat levels. The research showed that snails collected in locations with high risk of invasion had larger numbers of soldier worms.
People with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease showed significant improvements in speech, handwriting, and motor skills after playing pingpong once a week for six months. The study found that participants experienced reductions in symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and balance problems.
A study published in Blood Advances found that hematologists with caregiving responsibilities had fewer first- or senior-author publications and less percent effort in research compared to those without. Men were negatively affected by caregiving duties, while women showed similar performance regardless of their caregiving status.
A recent study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that adults who completed their childhood vaccination series against tetanus and diphtheria are protected for life. The researchers compared data from millions of people across North America and Europe between 2001 and 2016, concluding that booster shots are not necessary.
Polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea are abandoning their traditional summer habitats due to shrinking sea ice. As a result, they must expend more energy to find food and access whale carcasses, potentially contributing to population declines.
A new study from University of South Australia found that social media literacy can help individuals change their perceptions of the 'tanned ideal' and reduce their risk of skin cancer. The research tested 151 young Australian adults and found that those with higher media literacy skills were less likely to idealize a golden tan.
Researchers are developing bacterial proteins to create new, artificial fluorescent compounds. The goal is to produce biodegradable and sustainable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using these novel compounds. By harnessing the power of bacteria, scientists hope to create more eco-friendly lighting solutions with minimal environmental impact.
A recent study suggests that mangrove forests are making progress in conservation efforts, with a significant reduction in global loss rates. The team attributes this success to improved monitoring, data access, and management practices. However, the study also highlights challenges in scaling up successful rehabilitation projects and ...
A new study published by the American Psychological Association found that adolescents who are bullied about their weight or body shape may be more likely to use alcohol or marijuana. The link between appearance-related teasing and substance use was strongest among overweight girls, raising special concerns about this group.
Researchers have identified a crucial role for the typhoid toxin protein in delivering toxins to host immune cells and disrupting their function. The study's findings suggest that targeting specific sugars on immune cells could prevent the bacteria from entering and infecting them, paving the way for new treatment options.
Researchers discovered that moth thorax scales can absorb and reduce sound energy, evading bats' echolocation. This innovative defense strategy increases moth survival chances.
The Data Science Institute team received the Facebook Systems for Machine Learning Award for their research on co-training machine learning models. The project aims to enhance machine learning models for scalability and adaptability, particularly in recommendation systems used by Netflix, Amazon, and Facebook.
Researchers found that manipulating cellular metabolism can modulate the balance between pathogenic Th17 and regulatory T cells in chronic autoimmune disorders. A mouse model showed that inhibition of mitochondrial OXPHOS delays disease onset and reduces severity, promoting the generation of suppressive Treg cells.
A study finds that about 42% of physicians experience moral distress when making decisions for surrogate decision-makers, leading to burnout, depression, and compromised professional integrity. Effective communication with surrogates and patients is key to diminishing physician moral distress.
England is off track to meet its 2030 smoke-free target, with projections suggesting a 20-year gap in smoking rates between the least and most deprived communities. To achieve the goal of a 5% smoking rate, significant funding for stop-smoking services and national education campaigns must be reinstated.
Researchers propose updated equations that simplify calculations for distinguishing between two types of 'non-Gaussian curve' and genuinely quantum states. This approach could speed up advances in quantum communication and computation.
Researchers found that young burglars are initially motivated by a desire for excitement, but eventually driven by the thrill of skill and financial rewards. This understanding could help intervene in habitual offending.
Developed by NREL and NIU researchers, the technique prevents toxic lead from leaking into water when perovskite solar cells are damaged. The additive layers reduce lead toxicity without affecting cell performance.
Researchers at Stanford University have discovered a method for synthesizing pure diamonds from hydrogen and carbon molecules found in crude oil and natural gas. The process uses high pressure and surprisingly little heat, producing tiny specks of diamond in the lab.