Researchers have uncovered a rare piece of evidence showing Microraptor, a small feathered dinosaur, ate mammals. The preserved gut contents contain the foot of a small mammal, providing conclusive proof of a diverse diet for this species.
This study uses high-quality observations and CMIP6 model data to constrain future solar radiation projections in China. The research reveals that clouds and aerosols cause significant biases in projections, resulting in large uncertainties. Constrained results significantly reduce projection uncertainties by about 56%.
Georgia Tech researchers developed a new nanoelectronics platform based on graphene, enabling smaller devices, higher speeds, and less heat. The platform may lead to the discovery of a new quasiparticle, potentially exploiting the elusive Majorana fermion.
A team of researchers has harmonized calculation methods for CO2 emissions from land use, enabling more accurate evaluation of country targets and supporting the fair distribution of climate mitigation goals. The analysis reconciles land-based mitigation estimates by separating natural and land-use CO2 fluxes at the country level.
Researchers from Kyushu University found that evening hot spring bathing is associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension among Japanese older adults. The study analyzed data from over 11,000 residents over 65 and discovered that those who bathed in onsen after 19:00 were 15% less likely to have hypertension.
A study in Serrana, Brazil showed that mass vaccination reduced severe cases and death rates even while gamma and delta variants were circulating. Vaccination coverage reached 80% of the target population.
A recent study found that AI failed to pass a radiology qualifying examination, with an average accuracy of 79.5%. However, the researchers suggest that further training and revision could lead to improved results.
Researchers developed a new epigenetic biomarker, GrimAge version 2, which leverages two DNAm-based estimators of plasma proteins to predict mortality risk. The study found that GrimAge 2 outperforms existing clinical biomarkers in predicting mortality across multiple racial/ethnic groups and associations with age-related conditions.
A new machine-learning framework analyzes scene descriptions in movie scripts to recognize character actions, revealing widespread gender stereotypes. Female characters tend to show more emotion and less agency than males, while males are less likely to display emotional vulnerability.
Researchers discovered that enterococci, a type of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, can make C. difficile more potent and dangerous by producing amino acids. This understanding could help doctors identify patients at risk and develop new treatments for the deadly infection.
Half of online sellers fail to disclose law and disease risks associated with small turtles. Despite federal regulations, many US sellers circumvent public health guidelines when selling these pets.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that the sharpsnout seabream's mortality during early life stages has a genetic basis. The research analyzed genomic data from recruits and survivors of the species, finding associations with birth time, sea surface temperature, and growth rate. The results suggest that genetics plays a cru...
Researchers discovered that radiation damage to paternal DNA is passed on to offspring through a highly error-prone repair mechanism. This leads to structural changes in the paternal chromosomes and causes developmental defects. Histone proteins play a crucial role in shielding damaged chromosomes from accurate repair.
Researchers created an AI platform called DystoniaBoTXNet that uses brain MRIs to identify patients who will respond to botulinum toxin treatment. The platform achieved a 96.3% accuracy rate in predicting treatment efficacy, offering clinicians a new tool for refining clinical decisions.
A study published in Circulation found that walking between 6,000 and 9,000 steps per day significantly lowers the risk of a cardiovascular event in older adults. For those who are least active, even small increases in daily step count can have a substantial impact on heart health.
A digital detection of dementia study aims to evaluate the practical use of an AI tool for early identification of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The study uses a passive digital marker and patient-reported outcomes survey, which have shown potential in detecting mild cognitive impairment and reducing healthcare costs.
Researchers at the Universities of Bonn and Heidelberg identified a mechanism that ensures nerve cells and blood vessels grow without interfering with each other. By releasing semaphorin 3C, motor neurons signal vascular cells to pause growth, allowing for coordinated development during embryonic stages.
Researchers at EPFL's School of Basic Sciences created a large-scale, configurable superconducting circuit optomechanical lattice to simulate graphene lattices. The device exhibits non-trivial topological edge states and can be used to study many-body physics.
Researchers at UTA create high-tech solution to exterminate fire ants without using toxic chemicals. The innovative approach uses a combination of sensors and microorganisms to detect and eliminate fire ant colonies.
Scientists have decoded the signals plants send themselves to initiate photosynthesis, a process turning sunlight into sugars. The newly identified proteins control communication between plant cells and organelles, potentially leading to breakthroughs in cancer research and improving crop yields.
Researchers at the University of Vienna and ETH Zurich have successfully cultivated a representative of the Asgard archaea, a group believed to be the closest relatives of eukaryotes. The newly developed model organism, Lokiarchaeum ossiferum, exhibits unique cellular characteristics, including an extensive cytoskeleton and complex cel...
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a way to rotate a single molecule, europium complex, clockwise or counterclockwise on demand. This technology could lead to breakthroughs in microelectronics, quantum computing and more.
Researchers mimicked silkworms' head bobbing to create consistent micro- and nanofibers with minimal equipment. The new method produces uniform filaments and doesn't produce clumpy fibers.
A new study in deaf rats demonstrates that stimulating the locus coeruleus region of the brain can improve how quickly they learn to use their cochlear implants. The findings suggest that differences in neuroplasticity may contribute to variations in hearing improvements among implant recipients.
Scientists developed a method to fabricate white perovskite LEDs using lanthanide ions doped CsPbCl3 nanocrystals, achieving a peak luminance of 1678 cd m^-2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.4%. The LEDs demonstrate excellent performance among existing white PeNCs LEDs from single chip.
A recent study found that 1 in 5 children and teens who visit emergency departments due to mental health crises will still be there after 12 hours. Another 1 in 13 will remain after a full day, with over 60% being suicidal or having self-harmed.
Researchers have identified a key molecule, retinoic acid, that may be a promising new treatment for hand osteoarthritis. The study found that individuals with certain gene variants had lower levels of retinoic acid, which could lead to the development of disease-modifying drugs.
A team of researchers identified senescent cells as a major obstacle to muscle regeneration, which can be overcome genetically or pharmacologically. Neutralizing these cells improves tissue repair in both young and elderly individuals.
A UMass Amherst microbiologist is working to develop new treatments for tuberculosis by targeting the bacteria's surface structure. The goal is to create a drug that can disrupt the cell envelope, making the bacteria vulnerable to attack.
Women with cluster headaches experience longer-lasting and more frequent attacks than men, contributing to a higher rate of chronic cluster headache. The study suggests that these differences may contribute to the disorder being misdiagnosed in women.
Scientists successfully initialized, controlled, and read out spins in colloidal quantum dots at room temperature. The breakthrough paves the way for scalable and sustainable spin-based quantum information processing.
AQT at Berkeley Lab organized a workshop on classical control systems for quantum computing, bringing together industry leaders and researchers to share experimental control advances. The workshop highlighted the need for advanced features in classical control electronic systems to optimize quantum computer performance.
A pooled data analysis of 7 clinical trials found that probiotics, including Lactobacillus salivarius and Streptococcus salivarius, reduced OLP scores and volatile sulphuric compound levels in the mouth. However, the effects were relatively short-lived and more high-quality research is needed to verify these findings.
Researchers at IU School of Medicine discovered a genetic variant that may increase the risk of heart damage from anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The study found that this variant can be predicted using human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and potential strategies to prevent cardiotoxicity are being explored.
Researchers at Exciton Science have created perovskite solar cells with 21% efficiency, the best results ever recorded for a non-halide lead source. The novel use of lead acetate enables scalable and industrial-scale manufacturing.
A new UK study published in the British Ecological Society journal People and Nature suggests that paying farmers to create woodland and wetland habitats is the most cost-effective way to deliver environmental targets. This approach, known as 'land sparing,' would cost just 48% of the funds required for 'land sharing' approaches, which...
A new study found that wandering albatrosses with older partners take shorter feeding trips and return to the nest sooner, benefiting both parents. This behavior helps them assess how much pressure their partner can handle, ensuring they don't overwork each other.
Researchers found genetic mutations to OAS and RNase L proteins increase inflammatory response in immune cells, leading to MIS-C. This understanding may provide clues to chronic inflammation diseases like Kawasaki disease.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology have developed a method to measure the congruence between contributor networks and library dependencies in open-source software ecosystems. By analyzing over 5.3 million change commits across 107,242 libraries, they found that libraries with high levels of matching contributions a...
A recent study on Omicron's origins has been retracted due to contaminated genome sequences, casting doubt on the variant's emergence timeline. The Charité team, led by Prof. Jan Felix Drexler, is conducting a review of their analyses to address these concerns.
Scientists have created a new polyester material that combines mechanical stability with high biodegradability, making it an attractive alternative to traditional plastics. The innovative material, called polyester-2,18, was shown to degrade in lab experiments and pass industrial composting standards.
A new method reveals that small vascular plants, not trees, played a greater role in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. The study suggests that weathering, a process that involves the breakdown of minerals, is a more effective way to remove CO2 from the atmosphere.
A study by MIT economists suggests that a modest tax on robots and foreign trade could help address income inequality in the US. The optimal policy includes taxes ranging from 1% to 3.7% of robot value, with smaller trade taxes, aiming to reduce wage gaps without stifling economic growth.
A new recycling process has been developed to convert Nylon-6 into ε-Caprolactam with over 95% selectivity and 90% yield, eliminating the need for solvents or toxic chemicals. This breakthrough offers a promising solution for managing plastic waste.
Researchers found that blue light exposure increases anthocyanin production in mango peels, making them redder. This leads to softer flesh with higher sugar content and more carotenoids.
A massive international data analysis uncovered hundreds of signals for new treatment and prevention targets in colorectal cancer. The study identified 250 independent risk associations, including 50 newly discovered ones, through analyzing genomic, transcriptomic, and methylomic data.
A retrospective cohort study of 28,311 COVID-19 patients in Germany found a significant association between dementia and increased risk of death. The association was weaker than previously reported studies, suggesting potential changes in the impact of dementia on COVID-19 mortality over time.
Researchers found that myelin accumulates axonal mitochondria in PV cells, supporting their high energy demand due to intense activity. This differs from other cell types where mitochondria are evenly distributed or more abundant when myelin is reduced.
A Rutgers study found that Hispanic and Latino young men with higher education who were born in the US and speak mostly English at home are more likely to use e-cigarettes. The study analyzed data from 11,275 adult participants and found a high use of e-cigarettes among those under 45 years of age.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have identified a method to track and kill resistant cancer cells in mice. By tagging different types of breast cancer cells with unique genetic barcodes, they were able to identify which cells are evading chemotherapy and target them specifically with a new treatment approach.
Scientists discover a new mechanism of high proton conduction in hexagonal perovskite-related oxides, utilizing oxygen-deficient layers and water uptake to produce superior proton conductors. These materials can be used for renewable energy production and storage devices, promising a more efficient transition to clean power.
Researchers identified an enzyme controlling osteoblast activity, finding that inhibiting it reduces cancer-related bone loss and metastases. A small-molecule agent R992 boosts bone formation, reducing bone loss and metastases in mouse models.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that mothers drank less frequently, but more drinks per day as the pandemic progressed. This increase in drinking volume raised concerns about binge drinking among mothers, particularly due to stress and social isolation during parenting.
A new study reveals that Chinese Communist Party zero-covid volunteers have suffered from stress and anxiety due to the pressure of enforcing policies. The researchers found an increasingly pressurized grassroots infrastructure, with volunteers facing high workloads and hierarchical chains of command.
A new study suggests that chronic dysentery is unlikely to have been the cause of Edward the Black Prince's death. Instead, experts point to alternative causes such as malaria, inflammatory bowel disease, and brucellosis, which could have contributed to his fluctuating illness.
A Medical University of South Carolina research team has discovered that HDAC1 plays a crucial role in packing DNA around histones, which can help target cancer cells with inhibitors. The novel egg extract system allows researchers to study DNA packing in real-time, outside of a cell.
Scientists studied fossil braincase material of Europasaurus, a long-necked herbivorous dinosaur from Northern Germany, to understand its reproductive and social behavior. The digital reconstruction of its inner ear showed that it had a good sense of hearing and possibly relied on balance immediately after hatching.
A multidisciplinary team of researchers discovered hearing impairment in a novel preclinical model of autism spectrum disorder. The study highlights the importance of considering sensory organs and their interactions with the brain in understanding ASD.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory develop a new method to create crystalline materials with two or more elements, yielding previously unknown compounds with exotic properties. The discovery has potential applications in superconductors, energy transmission, high-speed transportation, and energy-efficient microelectronics.
A study found that story-writing activity increased children's knowledge on marine plastic litter and promoted proactive behaviors. Children mostly focused on preventing the problem from worsening, with solutions including adequate disposal and recycling.