The September issue of the CHEST journal features research on long COVID, including a review on exercise pathophysiology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. Original studies also explore asthma treatment with albuterol-budesonide inhalers and sleep therapy using oronasal masks.
Researchers at Monell Chemical Senses Center identified genetic markers that can predict a child's reaction to sweetened medicine. These findings suggest that tailoring medications to individual tastes could help prevent unintentional poison exposures among children under six years old.
Researchers will track how key minerals form in a watershed to build a fuller picture of the processes that allow soil to store carbon as organic matter. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop practices and incentives for a carbon market economy, potentially harnessing Earth's natural mechanisms to combat climate change.
A research team at MedUni Vienna has discovered an immunoregulatory protein called Rinl, which could be linked to the development of autoimmune diseases. The identified component controls the development of follicular T helper cells in the immune system.
A study at the Technical University of Munich found that people with long Covid experience altered blood vessels in the eye, which could be used to diagnose the condition. Persistent inflammatory responses were also linked to symptom severity and chronic inflammation.
Researchers have identified a potential new treatment for triple-negative breast cancer, a form of breast cancer with limited treatment options. Silencing the ACSS2 gene improves existing treatments and boosts antitumor immunity, drastically reducing tumor growth.
Researchers discovered age-related differences in how the liver filters the bloodstream, affecting nanomedicine distribution and effectiveness. Younger livers are more efficient at filtering out toxins but also filter out beneficial treatments.
By 2070, 44.61% of koala habitats in Australia will be highly susceptible to bushfires, up from 39.56% today. Koalas may struggle to survive due to habitat fragmentation and food source vulnerability.
A study of 194 patients found that those with alcohol-related diagnoses made 44% more visits and had a 138% higher death rate over 20 years compared to controls. Targeted interventions in emergency departments may help reduce this significant health burden.
Weather data from US Navy ships bombed at Pearl Harbor has been recovered, providing a dataset of over 630,000 records that can help scientists understand global climate changes. The new analysis aims to correct uncertainty surrounding World War II's temperature records and fill gaps in existing datasets.
A new intestinal microbe, Taurinivorans muris, has been discovered that feeds exclusively on taurine and produces hydrogen sulfide, a foul-smelling gas. This bacterium shows a protective function against important pathogens like Klebsiella and Salmonella.
Researchers developed a method to predict molecular distribution on MXene surface using magnetoresistance property, enabling quality control in production process. The study found that Hall scattering factor changes dramatically depending on surface molecules, opening door to mass production with uniform quality.
The American College of Physicians has issued updated rapid, living practice points on treating COVID-19 patients in outpatient settings. The new guidance supports the use of molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for symptomatic patients with confirmed mild to moderate COVID-19.
A recent study reveals that human-driven mass extinction is eliminating entire branches of the tree of life, with up to 73 genera of land-dwelling vertebrates going extinct since 1500 AD. This 'biological annihilation' threatens biodiversity and could have catastrophic consequences for humanity.
Researchers have successfully solved a problem in graph theory that has attracted attention from within the field. The team's research involves packing coloring, which deals with labelling parts of a graph to comply with certain rules and avoid specific conflicts.
The study of 6,499 patients suggests that higher buprenorphine doses can reduce time to discontinuation. This finding challenges current recommended dosages for improving treatment retention.
A new flow system produces both phosgene and the Vilsmeier reagent from chloroform with high efficiency, reducing energy consumption and waste. This scalable method enables versatile and safe chemical synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceutical chemicals, reducing dependence on foreign production.
Researchers analyzed over 150 past crises, revealing that not every ecological shock or climatic anomaly leads to collapse or severe crisis. Societies' cultural, political, and economic dynamics interact with environmental forces to shape their responses.
Researchers analyze relationship between agriculture, emergence of new diseases. They propose a holistic approach focusing on broader factors impacting disease transmission.
Researchers have sequenced the genomes of Scaphopoda, a rare and understudied mollusk group. The study provides new insights into early Molluscan evolution, resolving a long-standing debate on the phylogenetic placement of Scaphopoda.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in emergency department visits and hospitalizations for self-harm and suicidal ideation among adolescents, particularly young female adolescents. The disruptions of the pandemic may have contributed to this trend.
Researchers have demonstrated photochemical upconversion in a solid state, enabling potential innovations in renewable energy and water purification. The breakthrough could also enable targeted laser treatments for tumors and medical applications.
A large study of 57,980 children found that increased TV/DVD screen time from age 1 year is linked to negative effects on later development. Researchers recommend family media management and social support for parents to mitigate these consequences.
A five-year, $6.15-million NIH grant has enabled six North Carolina institutions to collaborate on advancing the science of nephrology, hematology, and urology. The NC KUH TRIO Program aims to train the next generation of researchers and foster academic and professional development across disciplines and institutions.
The Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology has developed an AI pothole inspection tool to filter out non-pothole objects from primary pothole information. The system automatically transmits verified pothole information to road maintenance personnel every 3 hours, reducing processing time for emergency restoration.
A Canadian hospital's energy and water use, medical product purchases account for over half its yearly carbon footprint, totalling 3500-5000 tons of CO2 equivalent. One hospital bed is roughly equivalent to the carbon footprint of five Canadian households.
Researchers have developed a novel, fully bio-based starch plastic with remarkable flexibility, hydrophobicity, and self-healing properties. The material's ability to be thermally processed and adaptively heal scratches and large-area damage makes it highly appealing for various applications.
The livestock and poultry industry in China is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, with over 3.8 Gt of manure produced annually. To achieve carbon neutrality, the country needs to implement efficient manure management systems that reduce emissions and promote renewable energy credits.
Researchers highlight single cell protein as a promising alternative protein source from microorganisms, which can thrive on diverse waste materials and enhance socio-economic sustainability. The review also emphasizes the need for consumer acceptance to effectively commercialize this eco-friendly protein source.
A recent study published in Water Biology and Security challenges the hypothesis that cyanobacteria produce β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a non-protein amino acid linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The study found no detectable levels of BMAA in laboratory-cultured strains and natural cyanobacterial bloom samples.
Research finds that women are less likely than men to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in public places, but the gap is narrower for older adults. In private settings, the likelihood of receiving CPR decreases with age, particularly for men.
Researchers discovered that the lancet liver fluke takes over an ant's brain, causing them to cling to blades of grass against their will. The parasite controls the ant's behavior to avoid heat, a strategy also used by cattle and deer.
Researchers found that early treatment of child obesity is effective in improving weight status and metabolic health. Children whose parents received parental support had the best results, with more showing a clinically relevant improvement.
A new study by Dr. Simon Haeder explores the relationship between race and public opinion on administrative burdens in Medicaid and SNAP policies. The research found that higher levels of racial resentment were associated with favoring increased burdens, while empathy and ability to manage tasks influenced opinions.
A large national study found that people with breast, ovarian, skin, and uterine cancers have higher levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals like PFAS and phenols. The study suggests a link between these exposures and increased cancer risk in women. Researchers emphasize the need for EPA regulation to reduce PFAS exposure.
A novel study shows that Senolytics can prevent the transfer of senescence, a key mechanism of ageing, and associated physical and cognitive impairments in recipients of older donor organs. This breakthrough could lead to improved outcomes and increase organ availability for transplantation.
A large-scale study analyzing data from 197 million people has generated background incidence rates on conditions such as myocarditis, pulmonary embolism, and Guillain-Barré syndrome for COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring. The findings provide important data for investigating reports of medical events following vaccination.
A study found that ultrasound scans performed by emergency physicians can nearly halve the time patients spend in emergency departments. This technology, known as point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), enables faster diagnoses and treatment for suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Scientists at The Florey Institute have identified a brain chemical, CART, that affects the taste of alcohol in females. When inhibiting CART, female mice drank less, but consumed more when drinks were sweetened, suggesting a potential treatment for women's binge drinking.
Researchers have identified a dominant male sterility gene in rice, providing valuable breeding tools for hybrid crop production. The gene, known as SDGMS, encodes a ribosome-inactivating protein that causes male sterility by inhibiting protein translation and triggering programmed cell death.
A new set of diagnostic criteria for MAFLD has been developed, providing accurate and reliable diagnoses. This development has increased awareness of the disease and paved the way for further research and clinical trials, offering a significant step forward in diagnosing and treating MAFLD.
A new paradigm of metal electron-shuttle catalysis has been proposed by USTC researchers to overcome challenges in alkene difunctionalization reactions. This approach uses a nickel catalyst as an electron shuttle to initiate and quench radicals, avoiding unstable alkyl-metal intermediates.
Researchers found that half of patients need only five tablets or fewer of morphine to manage acute pain, varying by condition. The study aims to adapt opioid prescriptions according to patient need and reduce long-term misuse.
Researchers developed A-CensNet, a fusion model predicting cognitive scores from movie-watching fMRI and eye-tracking data. The model outperforms individual modalities and leading techniques, suggesting synergy between brain functionality and behavior.
A new study found that islet transplantation significantly reduces the risk of kidney transplant failure and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. The study compared the long-term outcomes of patients who received an islet transplantation with those who underwent kidney transplantation and managed their diabetes with insulin alone.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have developed a new technique to protect sensitive AI-based applications from attackers. By adding random noise to the inner layers of neural networks, they improved the resilience of these systems. This approach promotes greater adaptability and reduces susceptibility to simulated adversarial at...
North Carolina State University researchers successfully transferred an important gene from one compartment of a plant cell to another, producing tobacco plants that lack pollen and viable seeds. The findings could lead to better ways of producing hybrid seeds to maximize crop productivity.
Research from UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine found that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood can disrupt brain information processing involved in reward, emotion regulation, and cognition due to poor diet and lack of physical activity. The study analyzed the microstructure of the brain cortex and found associations between ne...
A study warns that Brazil's hydroelectric power plants are threatening the Williams' side-necked turtle, which depends on rapids for survival. The study estimates that 30% of its habitat could be lost, heightening the risk of extinction due to highly suitable areas becoming increasingly rare and less interconnected.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a new gene editing technique called NICER, which significantly reduces off-target mutations compared to traditional CRISPR/Cas9 methods. This novel approach uses multiple small cuts in DNA strands and promotes interhomolog homologous recombination to correct heterozygous mutations.
Researchers at George Washington University found that Facebook's core design features undermine its policies aimed at removing Covid-19 vaccine misinformation. The platform's architecture, designed to build communities around shared interests, can inadvertently facilitate the spread of misinformation.
The anesthesiology researcher pipeline trails other specialties, particularly among women. ARC proposes recommendations to increase the size and diversity of the pipeline, including increasing research visibility and expanding fellowship opportunities.
Philip Low, a Purdue University researcher, is working on validating a previously successful malaria treatment by reducing the number of days required for therapy. His goal is to prevent drug-resistant strains from proliferating and save lives in developing countries.
Researchers developed atomic Ru electrocatalysts with regulated spatial distribution and electronic structure in V-doped tungsten bronze, exhibiting remarkable HER performance. The unique integration of atomic Ru promotes tight interaction with the material, enhancing HER activity.
Researchers have identified 439 genetic variants that regulate gene expression and may contribute to the development of schizophrenia. This discovery could pave the way for more precise interventions and therapies by providing insights into the complex genetic architecture underlying the condition.
Researchers found that a two-nap schedule of 90-minute and 30-minute naps can help counteract drowsiness and fatigue during long night shifts. This strategy may also be beneficial for new parents experiencing sleep deprivation.
The world of science remains highly disruptive, driven by collaborative teams and new findings, despite individual contributions shrinking. Collective disruption is as strong or stronger than it was fifty years ago.
A UMass Amherst neuroscientist is mapping the brain of a sea slug to study how neurons are added to functional neural circuits, shedding light on how this process contributes to neurological conditions. The project aims to provide an unprecedented look at brain development and potentially inform human brain development.
Researchers developed statistical models using ultrasound measurements and protein levels to predict stillbirth, neonatal death, or extreme preterm delivery. The findings aim to identify suitable candidates for clinical trials testing novel treatments for fetal growth restriction.
A breakthrough discovery identifies cis P-tau as a central circulating driver of preeclampsia. The antibody targets this toxic protein, correcting features associated with the condition and eliminating symptoms in mouse models.