Scientists have developed a machine learning program that can identify blobs of plasma in outer space known as plasmoids. The program will analyze data from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission to better understand magnetic reconnection and its effects on the electrical grid.
Researchers at Butantan Institute and collaborators developed a more potent version of the BCG vaccine, which protects against tuberculosis by inducing a strong immune response. The new formulation protected animals for a significantly longer period than conventional BCG.
A study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found an association between semaglutide and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, a condition that can cause vision loss. The observational study suggests caution when prescribing semaglutide to patients at risk of this condition.
The UK has released a pioneering Code of Practice for the use of stem cell-based embryo models in research, providing standards for rigorous ethics and maximizing benefits. The code sets out processes for decision-making in research using these models, allowing scientists to proceed confidently while maintaining public trust.
A team of researchers developed EMOKINE software to measure the objective kinematic features of movements that express emotions. The software provides movement parameters from data sets at the touch of a button, allowing scientists to analyze emotional expression and intentions.
Researchers from Kyushu University found that early-onset El Niño leads to warm winters in East Asia due to anomalous warming of the tropical Indian Ocean. Late-onset El Niño, on the other hand, results in colder winters. This study aimed to improve climate modeling and prediction during El Niño events.
A novel diagnostic test combining LAMP molecular amplification with a 3D printer-based DNA extraction system shows comparable sensitivity to PCR, offering a simple and rapid solution for detecting T. cruzi infection in newborns. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, which was successfully applied in the study.
A new stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed to estimate impurities in esomeprazole gastro-resistant tablets using the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach. The validated method demonstrated excellent linearity, specificity, and precision, making it a reliable tool for accurate analysis.
A global scoping review reveals that women in the healthcare workforce are more likely to experience verbal abuse, sexual harassment, and bullying. Men, on the other hand, face higher rates of physical violence in the workplace.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen found that six-year-olds prefer smooth textures in their food, with a preference rate of 76% for lump-free options. Researchers suggest that this aversion may be linked to a protective mechanism against potentially poisonous foods or other dangers as children become more independent.
A team of researchers from Drexel University and UCLA used scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to study the surface chemical structure of titanium carbide MXene. They found features on the surface, including titanium oxide clusters and functional groups, which could explain MXene's extreme properties and potential applications.
A 1,500 year long sediment core off the Nile mouth recorded past floods with varying amounts of fluvial particulate matter. The analysis suggests that the North African Humid Period was characterized by extremely strong and variable Nile floods, with a period of strong erosional activity between 9,200 and 8,600 years ago.
A study found that higher levels of inflammation in early adulthood may negatively affect cognitive skills like planning, focus and processing information in middle age. Those with consistently high or moderate inflammation had poorer performance in processing speed and executive function.
Patients with PFO and ASA are at risk of complications after closure, including left atrial dysfunction and cryptogenic stroke. The authors provide practical guidance for managing these concomitant conditions.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that technology-assisted Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is as effective as face-to-face CBT in treating anxiety and depression in children and young people. The study highlights the potential of technology-assisted CBT to expand access to mental health treatment.
The team used Hitachi's atomic-resolution holography electron microscope to visualize magnetic fields of individual atomic layers within a crystalline solid. They achieved an unprecedented resolution of 0.47 nm, surpassing the previous record of 0.67 nm.
A novel process for extracting metals from spent alkaline batteries has been developed, offering a promising solution for recycling critical materials. The technique achieves high extraction efficiencies of 99.6% for zinc and 86.1% for manganese, making it cheaper and more energy-efficient than existing methods.
A study published by Nemours Children's Health and Endeavor Health found that states with high COVID-19 vaccination rates saw a significant decrease in pediatric asthma symptoms, with the largest decline seen in the highest quarter of vaccination rates.
A new AI tool, DeepPT, has been developed to select the most suitable treatment for cancer patients by predicting their messenger RNA profile. The tool, combined with ENLIGHT, successfully predicted a patient's response to cancer therapies across multiple types of cancer, improving patient response rates from 33.3% to 46.5%.
A new cloud-based MRI system has been developed to address storage constraints and facilitate collaborative research. The system utilizes distributed cloud computing, ultra-fast 6G bandwidth, edge computing, federated learning, and blockchain technology to enhance diagnostic efficiency.
Research shows that ocean warming and acidification could lead to catastrophic shark embryo survival decline by 2100. Monthly temperature variation plays a significant role in mortality rates.
Researchers at Norwegian University of Science and Technology have developed a technology that can harness surplus heat from industrial processes to produce drinking water and generate electricity. The technology, called membrane distillation, uses thermal osmosis to separate water from impurities.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have discovered a promising vaccine adjuvant called PVP-037, which enhances the immune response to vaccines. The compound, an imidazopyrimidine molecule, targets innate immune cells and stimulates a broader immune response.
Researchers at Rice University discovered two types of motorized chain models: swimming motors and grappling motors, which manipulate chromosome structures. The study reveals how these proteins impact ideal polymer chains, leading to contraction or expansion depending on forces exerted.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new method to treat cancer using T cells, which was discovered by chance. The two-step process 'metabolically priming' enhances the ability of T cells to target tumors and survive longer in the body.
A global heat early warning system is now crucial to prevent heat-related deaths. The review highlights the need for planning in four key areas: data management, communication, infrastructure, and governance to ensure successful implementation.
A cross-sectional study found that e-cigarette users were less likely to undergo lung cancer screening. The research suggests that e-cigarettes contain carcinogens and may cause similar gene deregulations as combustible tobacco. This association may be particularly concerning for individuals who have quit smoking combustible cigarettes.
A randomized controlled trial found that four weeks of outdoor gait training, combined with home exercises, improved running biomechanics and reduced the time feet were in contact with the ground. This technique may help patients improve their stride and reduce pain associated with shin splints.
Researchers have identified two highly soluble molecules with superior antioxidant benefits for cells, which could help prevent and manage certain degenerative diseases by maintaining lower levels of harmful free radicals. The study suggests that these molecules can transfer and accumulate in membranes, reducing the risk of cell damage.
Researchers found that inhibiting telomerase, an enzyme related to cell growth and division, can suppress abnormal vascular growth in the retina. This discovery provides a potential alternative treatment option for wet AMD, which is currently treated with anti-VEGF injections.
Immunotherapies have revolutionized HCC treatment by enhancing the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Key approaches include checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and advanced cellular immunotherapies.
High-entropy carbide coatings have been designed and experimentally verified to exhibit excellent ablation resistance. The coatings' inverse design methodology enables the formation of a stable oxide scale, contributing to their improved anti-ablation performance.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have successfully manipulated quantum states of single electron spins using spin-polarized currents. This method, which bypasses traditional electromagnetic fields, has the potential to control quantum states with unprecedented precision and localizability.
The Illinois Fermentation and Agriculture Biomanufacturing (iFAB) Tech Hub has been awarded a $51 million EDA grant to position Central Illinois as a global leader in biomanufacturing and precision fermentation. The grant will support the growth of biomanufacturing businesses, creating jobs and driving economic growth.
The University of Texas at Arlington's Junha Jeon is developing transition metal-free cross-coupling technologies using arynes to deliver medications safely and effectively. This project aims to improve the production of drugs, particularly for cancer treatment, by reducing impurities left behind by metals.
A modeling study suggests that prosocial behaviors can arise and be maintained in large societies through various mechanisms, including influencers who recruit neighbors to cooperate. The strategy produced similar results as strong leadership that prevents detected defectors from defecting again.
Researchers found that touch sensitivity declines only in hairless skin regions with age, such as the hands, while hairy areas like cheeks remain sensitive. The study suggests that hairy skin may act as an antenna to transmit mechanical stimuli and preserve touch sensitivity.
A new study from the University of Notre Dame found that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in low birth weights among Indian infants. The research analyzed data from over 200,000 babies and showed that the prevalence of low birth weight rose by 3% during the pandemic.
Researchers have discovered that alterations in the human gene TRPC5 cause obesity and postpartum depression. Studies using cells, animal models, and humans showed TRPC5 acts on distinct neuronal populations in the hypothalamus, a brain region regulating feeding, anxiety, socialization, and maternal care.
Recombinhunt, a new data-driven method, identifies recombinant SARS-CoV-2 genomes with one or two breakpoints, offering high specificity and sensitivity. The approach also detects viral genomes from the monkeypox epidemic with high concordance.
A world-first study found that low-dose aspirin can create better blood flow to the placenta during pregnancy, potentially preventing complications caused by flu infections. The research also showed that mice treated with low-dose aspirin had improved fetal development and offspring survival.
Researchers from Stellenbosch University and citizen mycologists describe two new Psilocybe species, Psilocybe ingeli and Psilocybe maluti, found in southern Africa. The discovery brings the continent's total to six indigenous species, with potential for more undiscovered species.
A study found that targeting heparan sulfate-modified proteins improves cell repair, rescues neuron loss and reverses cellular changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Disrupting these proteins promotes autophagy-dependent cell repair and reverses early cellular problems in models of Alzheimer's.
NUTRITION 2025 will feature the latest research and expert presentations on nutrition topics. The event aims to continue discussions on AI, nutrition education, and global trends in malnutrition.
Researchers analyzed over 7,000 formal and informal bus routes across 36 cities and 22 countries. They found that informal transport systems self-organize to reach or exceed the efficiency level of centrally-planned services. The routes are often straight in central areas with fewer detours, making them efficient and profitable.
The study achieves fast-charging performance, long life, and high safety using ultra-low cobalt amounts. The designed cathode has doubled rate performance and retained 90.4% capacity after 300 cycles.
Fibronogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) is involved in both liver regeneration and tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma. FGL1 activates proliferative pathways that promote cancer cell growth, while its downregulation in malignant cells may contribute to HCC development.
A new encryption scheme using ideal lattices tackles security challenges with quantum algorithms, allowing efficient data retrieval and end-to-end sharing. The scheme uses online/offline technology and proxy re-encryption for authorized access.
Researchers developed a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) to compensate for errors due to sample location variations. The model achieved high accuracy, reducing mean absolute error to 0.695% and mean squared error to 0.876%.
A cohort study of 311 hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 found that in-hospital delirium is associated with increased functional disability and cognitive impairment after discharge. Postdischarge follow-up should assess for these conditions in survivors experiencing in-hospital delirium.
Long-distance travel has a substantial carbon footprint, with journeys over 50 miles accounting for 70% of emissions. Research suggests targeting long-distance travel may be more effective than current efforts to reduce emissions. Changing behavior and policy can maximize reductions in carbon emissions from passenger travel.
Biomolecular condensates exhibit unique material properties tied to protein sequences, including viscoelastic behavior and aging processes. The study quantifies interaction timescales, explaining how proteins within condensates arrange into fibrils over time.
Researchers found that glacier loss on Juneau Icefield accelerated dramatically since 2010, with rates of glacier area shrinkage five times faster from 2015-2019. The study suggests that current glacier projections may be too small and underestimate future glacier melt.
A study of 221,777 individuals over 60 years old reveals disparities in antipsychotic use by socioeconomic status. People with low socioeconomic status are more likely to receive antipsychotics for dementia-related symptoms.
A study led by UPF describes the mechanism behind insulinoma formation, a rare type of pancreatic beta cell tumor. The research reveals that a change in the epigenetic pattern of beta cells leads to the accumulation of mutations and excessive insulin production.
A research team at HKUST has identified new host factors that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. The study reveals that these factors, including SH3BP4 and ADAM9, promote viral internalization via the endocytic pathway and may enhance the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.
Research highlights that wind-carried dust from the exposed bed of the Great Salt Lake is affecting Pacific Islanders and Hispanics disproportionately, with lower exposure levels among white people. Restoring the lake to a healthy water level could reduce these disparities, delivering ecological and economic benefits.
Researchers developed innovative method for imaging magnetic domains in non-collinear antiferromagnetic materials, revealing key insights into their behavior. This technology has significant implications for the development of magnetic storage devices.
Researchers analyzed live-streams of hurricanes and storms, finding that people in affected areas used streams to discuss official risk advice and show support to impacted regions. The study highlights the importance of understanding how new technologies influence hazard risk perception and community engagement.
Researchers found that facial temperatures are associated with chronic illnesses like diabetes and high blood pressure. They discovered specific regions of the face where temperatures correlate with age and health, including the nose, eyes, and cheeks.