A new model suggests that strong policies can backfire in polarized societies if people perceive low risk, leading to a rebound in fossil fuel use. In highly polarized situations, social interactions reinforce dominant norms, making it harder for subsequent transitions to occur.
Researchers found that toddlers with profound autism had larger embryonic brain cortical organoids (BCOs) compared to neurotypical controls. The BCO size was positively correlated with the child's later social symptoms, indicating that a larger brain may be the first sign of autism.
Researchers developed tricks to slow down the receptor's closure and speed up freezing process, capturing critical images of kainate receptor in open configurations. These images provide information for drug developers to design more precise medicines for patients.
Researchers in Brazil have developed bread with probiotic yeast that may help combat asthma by reducing airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. The bread's probiotic properties were shown to attenuate asthma symptoms in mice, suggesting potential for a new treatment approach.
The prevalence of chronic hypertension in pregnancy in the US more than doubled from 1.8% to 3.7% between 2007 and 2021, despite only 60% of those with the condition being treated with antihypertensive medications. This increase is linked to rising maternal age, obesity rates, and other factors.
A new atlas provides a detailed map of how cells and tissues age in roundworms, shedding light on the aging process and potential treatments. The study reveals unique aging features of different tissues and identifies key mechanisms underlying cellular aging.
Researchers developed a simple method to measure nano/microplastic concentrations in soil using spectroscopy, eliminating the need for separation processes. The method uses a wavelength combination of 220–260 nm and 280–340 nm to accurately quantify N/MPs in different soil types.
A recent study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the art market spanning 50 years, highlighting key trends and emerging themes. The analysis found consistent annual increase in research interest, significant shifts from hedonic art prices to topics such as artist branding and digital platforms.
Researchers at Francis Crick Institute develop a new genetic therapy that silences mutated NRAS gene in cells with congenital melanocytic naevus syndrome (CMN), potentially reversing debilitating giant moles. The treatment has shown promising results in mice and could be used to reduce cancer risk in affected children and adults.
Researchers developed a rapid genotyping test for patients with central nervous system lesions, detecting key mutations associated with brain cancers in samples taken during a lumbar puncture. The test eliminated the need for surgical brain biopsies in seven cases and significantly accelerated time to treatment, from an average of 12 d...
A study by Boston University School of Public Health found that over 1 in 10 FQHC patients experience major social risk factors such as food insecurity, housing insecurity, and financial strain. These challenges are significantly higher among FQHCs serving historically disenfranchised groups.
Researchers developed innovative reactor designs for CO2 capture using fly ash particles, achieving higher mineralization rates and efficiency. The study presents a promising approach to repurposing industrial by-products and reducing carbon emissions in coal-fired power plants.
The team gathered data that helps clarify the Crab Nebula's history, suggesting a weak iron core-collapse supernova as an alternative to electron-capture explosions. The study also mapped dust distribution within the nebula for the first time, revealing warmer dust in outer filaments and cooler grains near the center.
Researchers have developed a model to enrich sub-populations of cancer cells with high basal levels of mitophagy, promoting CSC features such as self-renewal, proliferation, and drug-resistance. This study highlights the importance of BNIP3/BNIP3L in maintaining cancer stem cell properties.
Researchers at Mass General Brigham developed a generative AI process that screens patients for clinical trial eligibility with high accuracy and reduced cost. The process, called RECTIFIER, was compared to traditional screening methods and found to be more accurate and cost-effective, with an estimated cost of $0.11 per patient.
Researchers discovered a new way to effectively treat melanoma using nutrients to reactivate suppressed metabolic pathways in cancer cells. The innovative treatment, involving tyrosine nanomicelles, showed promising results in mice and lab-derived human cells, inhibiting tumour growth and reducing glycolysis.
Researchers create a 3D printed vacuum system to trap dark matter, using ultra-cold lithium atoms to analyze the effects of domain walls. The team expects results within a year and believes this study will be an important step forward in understanding dark energy and dark matter.
Researchers discovered direct evidence of dairy product consumption and processing in the Pyrenees during the earliest stages of the Neolithic. Organic residues on ceramic vessels revealed a mixed economy with integrated agriculture and livestock farming.
Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a massive anticyclonic vortex with winds traveling at 450 km/h. The study reveals that the current GRS likely originated from a proto-GRS formed due to wind instability, which then underwent shrinkage over time.
The International Gemini Observatory and Subaru Telescope have discovered the most distant pair of merging quasars, seen only 900 million years after the Big Bang. The team used follow-up spectroscopy to confirm the nature of the quasar pair and their host galaxies.
Researchers are developing advanced electronic bandages to improve chronic wound monitoring and healing. These 'smart' dressings can sense and respond to changing conditions, providing continuous data on healing and potential complications.
Two studies by Prof. Lucía Chávez Gutiérrez's team reveal the role of gamma-secretase inhibition and amyloid plaque composition in AD. Aβ42 fragments impede gamma-secretase function, while multimodal mass spectrometry imaging reveals diverse plaque compositions.
A study comparing human hearts to those of great apes has found that the human heart is more streamlined due to higher demands for blood flow and thermal regulation. This suggests that human hearts may have evolved differently from their primate ancestors in response to unique ecological pressures.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered a possible new pathway to treat colorectal cancer by targeting the NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK) protein. The study, led by Irving Coy Allen, identifies changes in a significant signaling pathway in human patients and presents potential targets for therapeutics.
A randomized clinical trial found that both electronic cigarettes containing nicotine and varenicline were effective for 6-month smoking cessation. The study results suggest a potential new approach to smoking cessation.
A new study projects that global groundwater temperatures will rise by 2.1-3.5°C by 2100, impacting 77-588 million people's access to safe drinking water. Rising temperatures can also lead to increased concentrations of harmful substances and affect ecosystems.
Researchers found that KITLG upregulates COL4A1, leading to increased platelet activation and portal vein tumor thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. The study highlights the critical role of the KITLG-COL4A1 axis in PVTT development.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that personalized alcohol-reduction advice based on genetic information significantly reduced alcohol consumption among young excessive drinkers. The intervention group showed lower alcohol consumption and AUDIT-C scores compared to the control group, with continued reductions in scores over time.
A high-fat diet in adolescent rats disrupts resident gut bacteria, alters behavior, and influences brain chemicals to fuel anxiety. The study also found a link between the high-fat diet and altered expression of genes involved in serotonin production.
A £800,000 project aims to optimise a flexible floating offshore wind platform for applications in the Celtic Sea. The initiative will support local supply chains and increase the use of local steel in fabrication, with the goal of reducing costs and environmental impact.
Researchers have developed nanobody-based immunoassays for reliable and efficient food allergen detection. These methods offer higher precision and lower costs than traditional detection methods, making them a promising solution for preventing severe allergic reactions.
Researchers found that medications for opioid use disorder, naloxone, and behavioral health supports significantly reduce the risk of dying from an overdose. However, significant gaps in care were noted, with only 4% of beneficiaries receiving medications after experiencing a nonfatal overdose.
Researchers explore the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in preventing and controlling African Swine Fever, highlighting its antiviral and immunoregulatory capabilities. The study suggests that integrating TCM into modern pig farming practices could significantly bolster disease prevention and control measures.
A Cornell University study suggests that a strong relationship between mother and child is key to understanding human longevity. In models, the team found that species with longer-term maternal presence tend to evolve longer lives and slower life paces.
The LUNA intervention, a multi-level language treatment, was found to improve narrative abilities and language functioning in individuals with chronic aphasia. The study, published in PLoS One, suggests that discourse-focused therapies can make a real difference in the lives of people with aphasia.
A majority of Americans say four key pandemic policies were 'generally a good idea' in retrospect, including mask requirements, healthcare worker vaccination, indoor dining closures, and K-12 school closures. Views on these policies vary across subgroups, with Democrats and urban residents more likely to support them.
A new study reveals that AI-generated images often fail to accurately depict the nuanced understanding of historical Islamic elements and their interpretations. The researchers emphasize the need for careful consideration when integrating AI technology into culturally sensitive fields like Islamic architecture.
A new research proposes a constrained Clustering with Weak Label Prior (CWLP) to improve clustering performance by incorporating compound weak label prior information. The approach combines pairwise constraints and cluster ratio information, achieving superior results on benchmark datasets.
A ketogenic diet has been shown to improve memory and healthspan in aging mice by activating a critical signaling pathway. The study found that the main ketone body produced during a ketogenic diet, BHB, plays a crucial role in activating this pathway.
The research team developed a simple and fast oxide catalyst coating technology that significantly improves the performance of solid oxide fuel cells. The coating process takes only 4 minutes and enhances the oxygen reduction reaction, leading to a threefold improvement in peak power density.
A new study finds that pediatric readiness in emergency departments can significantly reduce mortality by up to 76% while requiring a low annual cost of implementation, ranging from $23,775 to $145,521. Hospitals with high pediatric readiness can improve survival rates without breaking the bank.
Researchers used single-cell analyses to track the molecular biology of neutrophil and endothelial cell interactions in moderate and severe COVID-19 cases. They found that neutrophils remain permanently activated in severe cases, leading to a storm of pro-inflammatory signals and massive inflammatory responses.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have identified six biological subtypes, or biotypes, of depression using brain imaging and machine learning. These subtypes are associated with different responses to antidepressant treatments, offering new hope for personalized medicine approaches in mental health.
Researchers have discovered that a protein called MED12 plays a critical role in pancreatic cancer's development, particularly in basal-like cells. The study builds on decades of research at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, which previously identified the importance of p63 for basal cell formation.
A new study on learning has provided insights into the balance between habitual and goal-directed behaviors, with implications for AI development. The research suggests that a balance between these two types of behavior is necessary for efficient and adaptable decision-making in AI systems.
A new 640 Gbps D-band CMOS transceiver chipset offers speeds 10 to 100 times faster than current 5G systems. The proposed chipset enables high-speed wireless transmission, with applications in automated cars, telemedicine, and advanced virtual reality experiences.
A study shows that ultraviolet-absorbing film effectively controls high-resistant thrips in greenhouses, leading to a 96.67% control rate and increased crop yields. The UVa-F film works by exploiting the thrips' visual system, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
A team of scientists from Tokyo Institute of Technology has developed a novel 5G relay that can be powered wirelessly at a lower frequency of 5.7 GHz, enabling wider coverage and range for devices. This innovative design offers improved power conversion efficiency and versatility, making it an ideal solution for smart factories.
Research team observes covalent cluster intermediates in gas-phase reactions, revealing role of resonantly stabilized free radicals in particulate matter growth. Hydrogen abstraction and multiple radical additions promote cluster formation and growth into carbonaceous particles.
A new study led by Dr. Devorah Manekin finds that White allies positively influenced public opinion among both Black and White audiences during the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests. The research shows how allies can reduce negative perceptions of protests, making them feel safer for everyone.
The NIH-funded HEALing Communities Study found that a data-driven intervention did not significantly reduce opioid-related overdose deaths, despite engaging communities in evidence-based practices. The study suggests that factors like the COVID-19 pandemic and increasing fentanyl presence may have weakened the impact of the intervention.
A USTC research team studied nitrogen isotope fractionation during terrestrial planet formation, finding that both early evolution and late-stage accretion contributed to the silicate Earth's nitrogen abundance. The study sheds new light on the origin of volatiles on our planet.
A new type of imager has been created that can capture features smaller than half the wavelength of light using solid-immersion diffractive encoding. The imager has a compact design and can directly perform quantitative phase retrieval without computer processing.
Researchers at USTC have detected two new exotic spin-spin-velocity-dependent interactions using solid-state spin quantum sensors. These findings provide valuable insights into fundamental interactions and could help explain observational facts in cosmology such as dark matter and dark energy.
A UK study found that young people view vaping and smoking as interchangeable behaviors, despite being more informed about vape risks. Banning disposable vapes or increasing prices may lead to increased tobacco use among youth.
Researchers have introduced new self-healing mechanisms to address the stability challenges in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. These mechanisms, such as intrinsic and extrinsic self-healing, aim to improve the long-term stability of semiconductor light absorbers, protection layers, and co-catalysts.
Griffith University researchers have developed a novel eco-friendly quantum material that converts methanol into ethylene glycol efficiently under mild conditions. This process utilizes solar-driven photocatalysis, minimizing waste and maximizing renewable energy use.
A comprehensive analysis of 62 studies on oral nicotine pouches reveals potential risks for youth, including nicotine dependence and confusing labeling. The study's findings suggest that while these products may be less harmful than cigarettes, they still pose significant health concerns.
A study reveals an increasing polarization in climate change coverage between elite and heartland US news sources. National newspapers have expanded their climate desks and significantly increased their coverage, whereas smaller news sources based in the heartland have also increased their coverage but at a much slower rate.
Researchers developed a novel photocatalyst called N-BAP to reduce esters using sustainable light energy. The catalyst initiates a quadruple electron transfer process, enabling the reduction of esters to form alcohols without using metal reductants.