A new study by Cornell researchers found that small social connections, such as conversations with friends or just looking forward to an interaction, can lessen the sting of being left out. Talking with a friend face-to-face before or after exclusion reduced the effect and sped up recovery.
A new paper demonstrates a low-loss and polarization-independent integrated optical colorless ROADM with a 32 x 4 optical switch. The device boasts below 2 dB fiber-to-fiber loss at 1550 nm, making it suitable for applications such as optical neural networks and integrated quantum photonics.
Almost 90% of U.S. adults met criteria for cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic syndrome (CKM) stage 1 or higher, with 15% meeting advanced stage criteria that did not improve between 2011 and 2020. Advanced stages were associated with increased risk among older age, men, and Black adults.
A recent study found that breastfeeding mothers who use cannabis have detectable amounts of THC in their milk, even after 12 hours of abstinence. The amount of THC detected is low, but its impact on infants is unknown.
Astragalus polysaccharide regulates VRC metabolism by increasing Bifidobacterium bifidum abundance and reducing inflammation in the liver. This leads to improved VRC metabolism, with high-dose APS showing stronger effects.
Researchers have developed swarms of miniature robots that can capture both microplastics and bacteria from water, demonstrating a promising approach for ridding water of plastic and bacteria. The microrobotic system works by attracting particles with positively charged polymer strands, allowing the robots to decontaminate and reuse them.
Research from ANU and UQ found that people on the autism spectrum are predisposed to PTSD, with mild stress triggering traumatic memories. The study pinpointed brain mechanisms responsible for this occurrence, shedding light on hypersensitivity to stress.
A new study proposes that ancient cratons played a key role in stabilizing Earth's continents 3 billion years ago. The researchers suggest that the exposure of fresh rock to wind and rain triggered geological processes that ultimately stabilized the crust. This mechanism may represent a new understanding of how habitable planets evolve.
Researchers in Beijing found that combustion-related ammonia is a key contributor to ammonium in PM2.5 during severe haze pollution in winter. Most of these emissions come from local sources, including fossil fuels and biomass burning.
A study by Duke University researchers found that combining a low-carb, high-fat keto diet with fluconazole significantly improved treatment outcomes against fungal meningitis. The keto diet increased the effectiveness of fluconazole by reducing fungal levels by up to ten thousandfold.
Researchers developed novel glyceraldehyde derivatives from empagliflozin with improved cardiomyocyte protective effects and reduced cytotoxicity. These compounds significantly inhibited NHE1 activity, maintaining intracellular ion homeostasis and exhibiting favorable safety profiles.
Climate change threatens freshwater habitats, disrupting microbial communities essential for nutrient cycling and water quality maintenance. Many abundant freshwater bacteria with small genomes experience extended periods of adaptive standstill, limiting their ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Researchers demonstrate novel method of boson sampling using ultracold atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice, overcoming previous limitations in simulations and photon-based experiments. The achievement showcases the potential of quantum devices for performing non-classical computational tasks.
A new Cochrane review suggests that taking zinc may reduce the duration of common cold symptoms by around two days, but the evidence is not conclusive. Common side-effects include bowel problems, nausea, and unpleasant taste.
Researchers investigated the effects of hypoxia on hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in patients with Fontan circulation. The study found that oxygen saturation levels remain stable during sleep and that prolonged high-altitude exposure is well-tolerated, offering new perspectives for patients with Fontan circulation.
A new Northwestern University study found that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased interest in wearable health-monitoring devices among low-income Hispanic and Latine adults. Despite growing interest, several barriers remain, including lack of affordability, accessibility, and usability, which prevent these groups from adopti...
A study found that heavy snowfall and rain contribute to earthquake swarms in northern Japan by altering underground pressure. Climate conditions are linked to seismic activity, with the timing of intense precipitation events correlating with the start of quakes.
Pacific Oysters experienced a significant increase in density, reaching up to 32-fold, concurrent with summer seawater temperature rises of 2-4°C. This trend coincides with warmer ocean conditions in California waters.
A team at the University of Münster developed an improved method for explaining machine predictions of chemical reactions, using mechanisms such as reproduction, mutation and selection. The algorithm creates customised molecular fingerprints that predict chemical reactions with surprising accuracy, suitable for predicting quantum chemi...
Researchers successfully restored a Flat oyster reef along the Adelaide coastline, achieving ecological recovery within two and a half years. The restored reef showed remarkable biodiversity and functional improvements, providing hope for the future of marine ecosystems.
New molecular design principles can stop electrons from coupling with atomic vibrations, improving the performance of organic molecules in OLEDs and other applications. This breakthrough opens up new trajectories for industries such as displays, bio-medical imaging, and disease detection.
Despite concerns about data privacy risks in the post-Roe era, many American women continue to use popular period-tracking apps without taking steps to protect their information. The study found that users are unsure how to take control of their data and feel in the dark about how it is used and shared on these apps.
Researchers have shed light on the mechanisms by which psychedelic drugs, such as LSD and psilocybin, bind to and activate serotonin receptors. The study highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of these compounds in treating depression and anxiety disorders.
Researchers discovered that IL-6 signaling in CD4-positive T cells promotes pulmonary hypertension development and progression. Treating mice with IL-6 inhibitors improved symptoms and decreased damage to the lungs and heart.
Scientists have discovered a previously unknown population of the Australian brook lamprey, an ancient and endangered species, in Queensland. The find expands the species' geographic range into truly tropical waters, highlighting the need for conservation efforts to protect this unusual fish.
Researchers found a significant relationship between insomnia, depression, and obstructive sleep apnea in people with asthma, leading to poor asthma control. Regular screening for sleep quality and co-existing mood disorders can help improve overall quality of life.
Three FAU researchers have received $1M in FDOH grants to develop innovative approaches against Alzheimer's disease. Mare Cudic aims to explore the link between glycosylation and neuroinflammation, while Ruth Tappen develops an online screening tool for older drivers with cognitive decline.
A study reveals childhood maltreatment causes an estimated 41% of suicide attempts, 35% of self-harm cases, and 21% of depression in Australia. The researchers advocate for policy-driven prevention and interventions to address childhood abuse and neglect.
Between 2011 and 2021, more than 320,000 US children lost a parent due to drug overdose. The study highlights significant racial and ethnic disparities in the impact of parental loss on families and children.
A team of researchers at the University of Houston has identified AKAP12 as a promising target for treating heart failure through precision pharmacology. Increased levels of AKAP12 in cardiac myocytes accelerate cardiac dysfunction, but inhibiting PDE8A can reverse this effect and improve contractility.
A new research proposes a lightweight Degradation-Adaptive Neural Network (DAN-Net) for jointly single image dehazing and desnowing. The proposed method achieves superior performance with lower computational complexity, verified on five large-scale datasets.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found an association between appendix removal and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer positive for the bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum. The study involved large prospective cohort studies and analyzed data from over 139,000 participants.
Starting people with opioid use disorder on extended-release, injectable naltrexone within five to seven days of seeking treatment is more effective than the standard method. This rapid treatment protocol requires closer medical supervision and could make XR-naltrexone a more viable option for treating opioid use disorder.
Researchers at ETH Zurich and Harvard/Princeton used quantum pointillism to study complex quantum systems made of interacting particles. They observed the formation of spin polarons, which are crucial for understanding magnetic behavior in materials.
The study found that NYC's Vision Zero policy reduced serious injuries and hospitalizations among Medicaid enrollees, saving $90.8 million in Medicaid expenditures. The policy also led to a decline in traffic-related Medicaid injuries, particularly among low-income Black Americans.
A new supplement to The Journal of Nuclear Medicine highlights China's significant advances in research and development, including long-field PET scanners and innovative theranostic concepts. The supplement aims to inform international collaborations and multicenter studies, featuring top experts in molecular imaging and theranostics.
Dr Sarah Benn, a suspended climate activist GP, believes her actions are justified to raise awareness about the climate crisis. She advocates for doctors to take a leadership role in addressing this issue, which is a health crisis threatening life and future generations.
The study suggests that memory plays a pivotal role in shaping consciousness, contrasting the idea that computer-based Information Theory provides a sufficient framework for understanding neural memory. The researchers propose a novel perspective that memory underpins consciousness, introducing the concept of a "brain cloud" to illustr...
Engineers at Stanford University have developed a prototype augmented reality headset that uses holographic imaging to overlay full-color, 3D moving images on the lenses of regular glasses. The new approach delivers a visually satisfying 3D viewing experience in a compact and comfortable form factor suitable for all-day wear.
Research from the University of Birmingham found that children who experienced chronic lack of sleep from infancy were more than twice as likely to develop a psychotic disorder in early adulthood. Persistent sleep problems also increased the risk by nearly four times. The study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, suggests that addressing sl...
A recent study led by Prof. Yele Sun found that gym air contains a higher percentage of organic aerosols compared to outdoor air, with 50% of indoor air consisting of these particles. The study also identified two types of organic aerosols that can be inhaled during exercise, potentially impacting health.
A new study investigates how various factors, including PTSD, influence cognitive functioning in Veterans aged 65 and older. The research suggests that certain screenings may miss underlying causes of cognitive decline, highlighting the need for comprehensive evaluations to guide treatment recommendations.
The BMJ investigation found that nine of the FDA's past 10 commissioners have ties to the drug industry, including Margaret Hamburg, who had relationships with regulated companies before and after her stint at the FDA. Despite pledging to divest, she and her husband retained significant holdings in an exclusive hedge fund.
UD researchers discovered white blood cells filled with fat surrounding veins are key contributing factors to wooden breast syndrome. The disease affects up to 5% of broiler chickens, rendering meat tough and chewy. Spatial transcriptomics helped advance studies of obesity in humans.
Researchers using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope have detected atmospheric gases surrounding 55 Cancri e, a hot rocky exoplanet. The discovery provides evidence for the existence of any rocky planet atmosphere outside our solar system, a long-standing mystery in exoplanet characterization.
A new study suggests that countries should prioritize tuberculosis treatment for exposed individuals with evidence of TB infection, regardless of age—except in high-burden settings, where all exposed individuals should be considered for treatment. Preventive treatment can stop latent TB infections from developing into deadly TB disease.
Researchers discovered that adding water-resistant materials to an electrode can dramatically speed up chemical reactions in water, known as 'fouling'. This process can increase reaction rates up to six times faster than traditional methods. By leveraging this method, the chemical industry may be able to reduce its reliance on fossil f...
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have successfully produced the QS-21 adjuvant in yeast, which is currently extracted from tree bark. The production process is cheaper and more environmentally friendly than traditional methods, making it a promising solution for lowering vaccine costs and increasing availability.
Researchers found that acute inflammation from bacterial endotoxin administration led to a significant reduction in empathy for psychological pain in healthy women. The study highlights the impact of inflammation on both physical and interpersonal relationships.
A study of over 470,000 adults found that those who frequently add salt to their food are 39-40% more likely to develop stomach cancer. The research highlights the connection between high salt consumption and stomach cancer in Western countries, raising awareness of the negative effects of extremely high salt consumption.
Research suggests long-term exposure to PM1 particulate matter increases risk of hypertension hospitalization, with significant effects observed for females and in areas exceeding air quality guidelines. The study's findings support the importance of controlling PM1 pollution and protecting vulnerable populations.
A new study published in Scientific Reports predicts the potential formation of 127 acutely toxic chemicals in flavored vapes. The research highlights the urgent need for comprehensive regulation of vaping products, particularly among non-smoking teenagers and young adults.
A recent CU Anschutz study found that young people with youth-onset diabetes have a higher risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The study discovered specific blood biomarkers and elevated amyloid protein accumulation in the brains of participants, indicating an early onset AD risk trajectory.
Researchers have identified spermidine as a key molecule that helps Salmonella survive inside macrophages by shielding it from oxidative stress. Targeting spermidine production with an FDA-approved drug, DFMO, may weaken the bacteria's ability to cause infection and improve survival rates in mice.
Researchers from Utrecht University introduce a vision for a completely fossil-free refinery, which would convert CO2, plastic, and biomass waste into useful raw materials. The refinery would require massive amounts of renewable energy and significant investments, but could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects about 296 million people and kills 1 million annually. Researchers from Rockefeller University have revealed mechanisms that may lead to new treatments by targeting the pol protein's unique properties, including a 'tethering' mechanism that allows it to bind to specific RNAs.
Scientists designed a chip that can control the terahertz band, enabling high-speed data transmission of up to 12 Gbps. The device utilizes synthetic topological phase transitions to manipulate channel functions.
Researchers have discovered that the gene KDM5B regulates learning and memory in mice, with reduced function resulting in loss of learning ability and memory consolidation. The study found that KDM5B plays a crucial role in strengthening connections between neurons, key to forming memories.
A study estimates that over 321,000 US children lost a parent to drug overdose between 2011 and 2021. The highest rates of loss were among non-Hispanic white parents and communities of color.
Researchers found that iron is a regulator of energy usage by immune cells in the lungs, which can help treat asthma and other allergic diseases. Blocking or limiting iron uptake may reduce asthma severity.