A study published in Plant Phenomics identifies mid-season leaf area index (LAI) dynamics as a strong predictor of yield performance under high planting density. The integrated UAV-deep-learning-dynamic-modeling framework provides interpretable physiological indicators for breeding soybean varieties resilient to dense planting.
The Bezos Earth Fund has awarded a $2 million grant to researchers at UC Davis and the American Heart Association to advance AI-designed food research. The funding will support scientists in developing an AI-powered recipe formulation tool called Swap it Smart, which aims to redesign foods for sustainability and nutritional value.
Researchers introduce theoretical foundations of HMMs, including evaluation, decoding, and learning algorithms, for applications in bioinformatics such as transmembrane protein prediction and gene finding. HMMs are expected to remain central to advancing genome annotation and functional genomics.
Research in the Amazon reveals that regions with intermediate forest degradation are more prone to malaria transmission due to increased contact between mosquitoes and humans. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions integrating vector control with forest conservation.
A team of scientists introduces a nature-based solution to tackle global soil pollution by harnessing microbes and iron minerals. Microbial iron mining removes toxic substances like heavy metals and organic pollutants, transforming them into less hazardous forms.
A new SnS₂-based in-sensor reservoir computing device introduces tunable multi-timescale optoelectronic dynamics to address high-speed and low-speed movement recognition challenges. The device achieves 100% accuracy in motion recognition tasks using the Weizmann dataset, surpassing conventional networks like LSTM.
The University of North Florida is opening a state-of-the-art heat exercise laboratory in collaboration with the Korey Stringer Institute and Perry Weather. The lab will support research, education, advocacy, and consultation to prevent exertional heat stroke and optimize safety for athletes, military, and laborers.
Researchers at Virginia Tech found that adjusting molecular processes can improve memory in older subjects. They used CRISPR-dCas13 and CRISPR-dCas9 to target age-related changes in K63 polyubiquitination and IGF2, two genes linked to memory formation.
Researchers have developed biochar-supported microbial systems to tackle persistent organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides. These integrated strategies have achieved impressive results, breaking down pollutants in industrial wastewater, agricultural soils, and domestic environments.
Scientists at NUS discovered a simple DNA switch that enables tropical butterflies to change the size of their wing eyespots in response to seasonal temperatures. This genetic element, called Antennapedia, is controlled by a previously unknown promoter that triggers its activation.
Aston University is part of a UK-wide project creating low-carbon energy from waste steam produced by nuclear plants. The METASIS 2.0 project aims to lower the demand for expensive electrical power by partially replacing it with waste heat, using solid oxide steam electrolysers.
Constructed wetlands can mimic natural water purification processes, but studies of full-scale CWs have been limited. Researchers identified key factors affecting removal efficiency, including carbon sources and hydraulic parameters.
A new study warns that the shift to electric freight could intensify the burden on NYC's infrastructure, with heavier batteries increasing annual repair costs by nearly 12%. The study recommends flexible, weight-based fees and expanded weight monitoring to mitigate the risks.
A national multicenter database on pediatric lower respiratory tract infections has been established in China, providing comprehensive clinical data from 36 hospitals across 12 provinces. The registry includes over 4,800 patients, showing significant symptom relief and high treatment response rates.
A new multi-scale graph neural network overcomes limitations of traditional methods, achieving improved prediction accuracy and reduced overfitting. The model's attention mechanism enables interpretable predictions, highlighting key features such as Zn–O bonds.
Researchers found that terrestrial-derived organic matter, primarily lignin, fuels microbial reactions leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions. However, as salinity increases upon approaching the sea, microbial activity slows down, reducing emissions and mitigating the effects of climate change.
A new approach, epimodulation, has been developed to improve epidemiological forecasting models by incorporating critical pieces of understanding into the models. This approach increased model accuracy by up to 55% during epidemic peaks for hospital admission forecasts without reducing accuracy at non-peak times.
Salk Institute researchers have determined the structure of HIV's integrase protein during its newly discovered function, enabling the development of better HIV therapeutics. The study reveals a surprising flexibility in the protein's architecture, which can interact with both DNA and RNA, paving the way for new integrase-targeting drugs.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that metabolism guides the activation states of regulatory T cells, which dampen inflammation. The study reveals a link between mitochondrial function and lysosome activity in controlling these immune cells.
The Journal of the Optical Society of America B will make its content freely available worldwide if institutional subscribers meet a target. This move aims to balance author fees with community-driven open access options.
A study found that child welfare system involvement in Pennsylvania increased the likelihood of developmental delay diagnoses for infants and toddlers, particularly those in foster care. Early intervention services were also more accessible to these children.
A randomized, double-blind trial compared Yueju Pill and escitalopram in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). The study found that Yueju Pill improved depression symptoms and increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Brain network patterns were also predictive of treatment response in the Yueju Pill group.
Research reveals maternal stress alters fetal brain structure, immune function, and developmental programming. Maternal anxiety during pregnancy can lead to preterm birth, low birth weight, and emotional dysregulation in children.
A new analysis reveals that spinal anesthesia can be safely performed on premature infants, minimizing risks associated with general anesthesia. The findings highlight the potential benefits of this technique in reducing healthcare costs and improving recovery for high-risk newborns.
Researchers at SUTD have discovered that applying pressure can transform angstrom-thin bismuth into a metallic material, eliminating its energy band gap and allowing electrons to move freely. This discovery enables the creation of layer-selective Ohmic contact, which allows electrical current to be steered between layers on demand.
A 52% increase in complicated cases of diverticulitis was found among patients under 50, with a shift towards younger demographics and more aggressive disease presentations. Treatment strategies have evolved, but the exact causes of this trend remain poorly understood.
Researchers at McMaster University found that simpler blood vessels increase cardiovascular disease risk and signs of biological aging. The study identified potential drug targets, including proteins MMP12 and IgG–Fc receptor IIb.
The review reveals m⁶A's dynamic role in regulating female reproductive physiology, including oocyte maturation, granulosa cell function, and endometrial receptivity. Dysregulation of m⁶A is linked to pathologies such as endometriosis, PCOS, and recurrent miscarriage.
A recent study investigates the genetics and evolution of melanism in the tea geometrid moth, revealing a highly constrained mechanism. The research team found distinct mutations around a genetic hotspot responsible for independently derived melanism in various populations across China.
Researchers at Northwestern University captured a detailed look at TRPM3, a core temperature sensor, revealing how it turns on when temperatures rise. The finding uncovers a new way that cells sense temperature, helping explain how the nervous system distinguishes harmless warmth from dangerous heat.
A team of researchers developed an octopus-inspired, hydraulically actuated hydrogel gripper that achieves damage-free adhesion for complex underwater manipulation. The innovative design offers a transformative blueprint for next-generation soft robotic grippers.
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered a new way to make yeast cells more efficient 'cell factories' for producing valuable plant compounds. The advance enables the sustainable manufacturing of plant-derived chemicals used to help plants defend against disease, repel pests, attract pollinators, and withstand environmental stresses.
Researchers measured miscanthus × giganteus net primary productivity in both aboveground and belowground structures. They found that aboveground productivity varied among sites, fertilization rates, and calculation assumptions, with yields ranging from 15.4 to 36.4 Mg DM ha–1 year–1.
Insilico Medicine's Alex Zhavoronkov and Alex Aliper will share their insights on generative AI breakthroughs in healthcare. The company is leveraging AI to accelerate drug discovery, reducing the time from traditional methods by 2.5-4 years.
Researchers propose a novel, data-driven solution using machine learning to predict optimal nanocarrier design for individual patients' tumors. The approach enhances synchronization between drug release and peak tumor proliferation rates, increasing its by a factor of 2.8 compared to traditional static nanocarriers.
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are a diverse group of over 80 neurodegenerative disorders with limited therapeutic options. Boston Children's Hospital is expanding its research efforts to promote clinical trial readiness for these disorders, thanks to an $8.1M NIH grant.
A study reveals that rhizosphere metabolites regulate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in plants and soils. Rhizosphere metabolites, such as lipids, significantly influence ARG distribution by affecting microbial interactions.
Researchers at North Carolina State University found a strong link between cockroach infestations and high levels of allergens and endotoxins in homes. Eliminating cockroaches significantly reduced these health risks, with most infested homes without extermination showing large amounts of both allergens and endotoxins.
A new UCSB study provides a framework for policymakers and advocates to identify key factors driving coal plant retirement. By categorizing facilities into eight distinct groups based on technical, economic, environmental, and socio-political factors, the researchers offer evidence-based strategies to accelerate closures, particularly ...
Researchers at Harvard University have discovered that salamanders rely on the sympathetic nervous system to activate stem cells throughout the body, enabling them to regrow entire limbs. This finding may provide insights into developing regenerative treatments for humans, particularly in limb regeneration and organ repair.
A new analysis identifies 'grassy trees' as a powerful group of plants that combine the best of both worlds, offering resilience to extreme weather conditions. These organisms can adapt quickly to recover from fires, storms, or harvesting, providing benefits such as food, jobs, and renewable materials.
The intra-tumoral microbiome influences cancer initiation, progression, and immune regulation through various mechanisms. Targeting the tumor microbiota holds promise for precision medicine and cancer therapy.
A recent randomized controlled pilot study suggests that Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, may help alleviate menopausal symptoms and fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing aromatase inhibitor therapy. The study found significant improvements in joint pain and cognitive/mood dimensions of fatigue.
A recent review highlights the potential of particle vision analysis (PVA) to accelerate discovery and quality control in nanomanufacturing, biomanufacturing, and pharmaceuticals. PVA integrates AI-based methods for classification, detection, segmentation, tracking, and super-resolution to analyze microscopic particles, which determine...
Researchers have developed a sustainable method for environmental cleanup using iron mineral-bacterial biofilms that degrade pollutants like antibiotics. The system harnesses solar energy to store and release electrons, leading to significant improvements in pollutant degradation.
A new study has identified specific viral combinations that increase the risk of severe respiratory illnesses in infants. The research found that co-infection with rhinovirus and bocavirus nearly tripled the odds of developing a severe lower respiratory infection compared to being infected with just one of the viruses.
Researchers found yeast cells can withstand shock waves and toxic perchlorate salts, simulating Martian conditions. The yeast's ability to produce ribonucleoprotein condensates helps protect against stress, making it a model for astrobiology research and potential life support systems in space.
Researchers mapped dynamic glycosylation patterns in rat serum proteins, revealing distinct cell-type-specific profiles. Female rats exhibited pronounced daily fluctuations in sugar structures, suggesting regulation by hormonal and circadian cycles.
Two-dimensional materials are being explored for their potential to revolutionize photovoltaics, with a focus on improving efficiency and stability. The review highlights the innovative design and features of these materials, as well as their promising applications in next-generation photovoltaic technologies.
A new study published in Scientific Reports reveals how virtual reality can close the distance between people and climate change-driven damages in faraway places. Participants who experienced VR experiences developed stronger feelings of attachment and concern for the places they visited, leading to increased motivation for constructiv...
The material demonstrates a remarkable copper removal rate of 99.5% and total organic carbon reduction of 92.6%. Its adsorption mechanism combines chemical bonding with oxygen-containing functional groups and physical adsorption through the biochar's porous structure.
A study involving UPF analyses found that people without a romantic partner are more likely to revise their fertility desires downwards, especially from wanting children to unsure. This shift appeared soon after individuals became unpartnered, suggesting the importance of romantic relationships in shaping fertility desires.
Scientists from Institut Pasteur identified Salmonella enterica and Borrelia recurrentis in remains of 13 soldiers who retreated from Russia in 1812. The study suggests these two pathogens may have contributed to the high number of deaths in Napoleon's army.
A new study by Binghamton University found that transformational leadership techniques can improve athletic performance by fostering self-determination and personal growth. Coaches can enhance mental toughness by focusing on team goals and individualized feedback, leading to stronger player-coach relationships.
A new study published in Nature Nanotechnology reveals a double-layer electrode design that improves the cyclic stability and fast-charging performance of automotive batteries. The breakthrough could reduce costs by 20-30% and pave the way for next-generation high-performance batteries.
Researchers evaluated 13 sorghum hybrids for biomass yield potential and feedstock quality under various nitrogen fertilization levels. H1 and H13 were identified as top performers, exhibiting superior biomass yield and energy-rich feedstock composition.
Researchers developed a real-time QPM processing algorithm on an embedded GPU system, enabling rapid blood profiling for point-of-care diagnostics. The system can analyze over 100,000 cells in under 3 minutes and reported highly accurate results with an average error of less than 5 percent.
Researchers from Ohio State University have developed shiitake-based devices that can act as organic memristors, a type of data processor. These devices demonstrated similar reproducible memory effects to semiconductor-based chips and showed potential for creating low-cost, environmentally friendly brain-inspired computing components.
Researchers used zebrafish larvae to investigate visual function restoration following optic nerve injury. The study demonstrates that the contralateral eye supplies critical guidance cues for axonal regrowth and behavioral recovery, offering new perspectives on how neural circuits reorganize after injury.
Researchers discovered three Earth-sized planets in the binary stellar system TOI-2267, which defies conventional wisdom on planet formation in double-star environments. The unique planetary arrangement allows scientists to test their understanding of planetary architectures and stability.