Researchers discovered that providing native foods to captive rodents preserves their gut microbiome diversity, whereas artificial diets lead to significant changes. The study found that feeding woodrats with prickly pear cactus maintained around 90% of their original microbiome diversity.
A review of 52 publications found inconsistent results on the effects of prenatal opioid exposure on childhood outcomes and development. Studies showed some null effects of opioid exposure on cognitive and behavioral outcomes, but behavioral effects emerged as children got older.
Researchers at University of Utah used high-resolution rider data to quantify emissions saved by buses and commuter rail lines, finding a balance on weekdays during rush hours. Upgrading the bus and rail fleet could save up to 75% in some pollutants.
Researchers measured the tower's vibrations using seismometers and found two primary resonance modes at frequencies of 0.8 and 1.0 hertz. The results help scientists understand how human-made vibrations affect seemingly unmovable rocks, offering a geological checkup for natural rock forms.
A University of Utah study found that nearly two-thirds of military suicides occur at home using a firearm. Safe gun storage practices can reduce firearms suicides by up to half, according to the research.
Researchers have created a prosthetic arm called the LUKE Arm, which can mimic human hand sensations, allowing amputees to pick up objects with greater precision. The arm uses a system of mathematical calculations and modeling to send biologically realistic signals to the brain, enabling users to feel touch, texture, and pressure.
University of Utah chemists developed an algorithm that analyzes previous chemical reaction data to predict hypothetical reactions, narrowing the range of conditions needed for successful synthesis. The model successfully predicted outcomes for various reactions, offering a time-saving solution for pharmaceutical and materials research.
Researchers at the University of Utah discovered that as the insulating layers of a topological insulator get thinner, its metallic surfaces start influencing each other and losing their conductivity. The study found that this phenomenon occurs at an insulating layer thickness of around 16 quintuple atomic layers across.
Researchers have discovered a way to produce more electricity from heat than thought possible by creating a silicon chip that converts thermal radiation into electricity. The chip can generate electricity even closer two silicon surfaces are together, potentially increasing battery life by up to 50%.
Researchers have discovered that multiple ancient groups of crocodyliforms were not the carnivores they are known for, but rather plant-eaters. The study found evidence of herbivory in extinct relatives of modern crocodiles up to six times, suggesting a wide range of dietary ecologies.
Researchers found that certain plant and tree traits exacerbate drought conditions by rapidly releasing water vapor into the air. This can lead to more frequent and intense droughts in hot climates, even in regions with adapted plant species.
Researchers have tweaked a nearly 100-year-old physics model to replicate modern Arctic ice melt patterns. The study captures the essential mechanism of pattern formation and demonstrates how melt water is distributed over sea ice, impacting albedo and light penetration.
A new study of past climate changes and their effects on ancient societies offers lessons for the future. Climate disruptions in prehistoric Amazonia, such as changes in rainfall patterns and agriculture, may be comparable to the current human-caused climate change affecting most parts of the world.
Researchers successfully filmed the mating process of feather lice on two different-sized pigeon hosts, revealing that size matters for reproduction. The study demonstrates ecological speciation by showing how adaptation to a new host can lead to reproductive isolation and the origin of a new species.
Scientists have discovered two new species of 'tweezer-beaked hopping rats' that specialize in eating earthworms, showcasing the incredible biodiversity of the Philippines. The discovery highlights the importance of protecting mountainous forests, which provide unique habitats for these animals and other endemic species.
Researchers linked seasonal photosynthesis cycles to solar-induced fluorescence in evergreen forests, enabling large-scale monitoring of carbon dioxide uptake. The study found that fluctuations in photoprotective pigments affect both photosynthesis and fluorescence, providing a proxy for forest activity.
A study found that the earthquakes were caused by subsurface movement of magma and fluid movement in Yellowstone. The swarm was divided into two clusters, one with Hebgen Lake aftershocks and another with a different origin. Researchers concluded that the events highlight the ongoing nature of earthquakes.
Researchers discover varied chemical composition in mantle materials, contrasting with mid-ocean ridge lava. The team's findings suggest that the mantle is not well-mixed and that different rocks melt at different temperatures.
A recent study found that targeting nitrogen oxides emitted by cars and power plants may increase harmful wintertime air pollution in the US West. Instead, limiting volatile organic compounds could be a more effective way to reduce particulate matter pollution.
Research reveals coffee plantations host nearly as many bird species as forests, with shaded areas providing double the number of forest specialist birds. However, overall bird populations decline, highlighting the need for large primary forest reserves for conservation.
Scientists have discovered how key proteins produced in bacteria and insects can either promote or inhibit the formation of ice. The study reveals that these proteins can be designed to nucleate ice at specific temperatures, enabling more accurate weather forecasts and potentially solving water scarcity issues. This breakthrough has si...
Researchers found that the syrinx's position at the end of the airway enhances vocal efficiency, allowing birds to communicate more effectively. This unique feature enables birds to amplify their sounds using their long necks as resonators, giving them an advantage in attracting mates and warning off predators.
Researchers developed a series of models that strongly predict how terrain slope affects human travel rates, accounting for variability in movement. The study used crowdsourced fitness-tracking data from nearly 30,000 people, resulting in more advanced models than previous ones.
A new research project aims to develop an automated resilience management system (ARMS) to improve the city's power grid in case of a power outage. The system will utilize distributed solar photovoltaics, distributed energy resources, fault detection sensors, and distribution monitoring equipment to enhance critical infrastructure and ...
Researchers from ETH Zürich and the University of Utah discovered that water vapor condenses in small particle pores to nucleate ice crystals. This process called Pore Condensation and Freezing is a key factor in understanding cold cloud formation and its impact on climate.
Nadkarni's Ambassador Model training program empowers scientists to engage the public through meaningful connections, promoting shared values and community involvement. The program's effectiveness is demonstrated through high ambassador participation rates and increased interest in science among participants.
A team of researchers, including University of Utah engineers, are working on a new procedure to restore hearing loss using an implantable device that sends electrical impulses to the auditory nerve. The device has shown promise in improving sound resolution and compatibility with existing hearing aids.
A study in Panama's rainforest reveals that neighboring trees have different defensive traits and herbivores, impacting growth and survival. This finding suggests that climate change or habitat fragmentation will affect rainforest health.
Feather lice on rock pigeons evolved divergent camouflage in response to preening, a key driver of adaptive radiation. Over four years and 60 generations, the lice developed heritable color differences spanning the full range of the genus.
Researchers at the University of Utah have developed a rapid and efficient method to extract lipids from algae, making it a more viable alternative fuel source. The new process uses a specially-designed jet mixer that extracts the lipids with much less energy than current methods.
Researchers discovered a novel phenomenon that corrects wavelength splitting in quantum dot lasers, improving their efficiency. This breakthrough has significant implications for optics and photonics research, including the development of light-based micro-chips.
University of Utah engineers create low-power sensors that can detect organic compounds emitted by corn plants when attacked by insects or weeds. These sensors will alert farmers to potential threats, potentially increasing crop yields and reducing damage to biomass production.
The University of Utah has established a new undergraduate minor in dark sky studies, the first of its kind in the US. The minor combines science and humanities to explore the impacts of artificial light at night, with students conducting field-based research and developing innovative solutions.
Physicists at the University of Utah have built two devices using perovskite to demonstrate its potential in spintronics. The materials' properties bring the dream of a spintronic transistor one step closer to reality.
A University of Utah study found that a single dust storm in 2017 accelerated snowmelt in the Wasatch Mountains by 25 percent. Dust deposition was linked to declining water levels in the Great Salt Lake, which may lead to more frequent and severe snowmelt events.
Engineers are working on a $1.88 million grant to study the fundamental properties of gallium oxide for use in high-voltage power systems. The goal is to minimize energy losses and enhance performance in devices such as surveillance drones, all-electric airplanes, and electric vehicles.
A study by University of Utah researchers suggests that grassland expansion, driven by falling atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, drove the decline of giant mammals over the last 4.6 million years. The research provides a convincing counter-argument to long-held views on human ancestors' impact on ancient African faunas.
A new study suggests that people tend to stay in unsatisfying romantic relationships because they consider their partner's needs and wants. The more dependent the partner is on the relationship, the less likely the person is to initiate a breakup. This altruistic component highlights the complexity of relationship decision-making.
Researchers have developed a method to 3D-print cells to produce human tissue such as ligaments and tendons, eliminating the need for additional surgeries and reducing reliance on harvested tissue. The technique involves printing stem cells on hydrogel to form tissue that can grow in vitro before implantation.
Researchers from the University of Utah discovered that homeowners change their behavior when they can visualize air quality in their homes. By using portable air quality monitors and a smartphone app, participants were able to see real-time data on PM2.5 levels and adjust their daily habits accordingly. This study has the potential to...
A University of Utah engineering study shows that smart controllers for home heating and cooling systems can clean pollution with minimal additional energy costs. The 'SmartAir' setting, which turns on the HVAC fan based on both temperature and air quality, cleaned the air almost as well as continuous operation but used 58% less energy.
Researchers use computer models to predict how molecules will behave in certain reactions, controlling the emergence of specific products with desired stereochemical structures. This breakthrough enables chemists to design additives that can select the right product outcomes, revealing new insights into chemical processes.
Research by University of Utah biologist William Anderegg and colleagues found that diverse forests are more resilient to droughts due to a variety of hydraulic traits in tree species. Forests with multiple types of trees and diverse water use patterns showed less impact from droughts, with satellite data confirming the findings.
Researchers surveyed 1400 Kenyans affected by drought, finding that those who relocated are more likely to experience violence. However, migrants themselves do not express increased support for violence, suggesting a complex relationship between migration and conflict.
A protein called Staufen1 accumulates in cells of patients with degenerative ataxia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting a potential therapeutic target. Depleting Staufen1 from affected mice improved symptoms, revealing a novel avenue for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
A 10-year study found that bird diversity in Honduras cloud forests is moving higher in elevation, driven by globally rising temperatures and land protection limitations.
Researchers created a lensless camera by connecting a digital sensor to a plexiglass window, which acts as a makeshift lens. The system can capture recognizable images with computer algorithms decoding the pixelated data. This innovation opens up possibilities for various applications, including augmented reality goggles and biometric ...
The University of Utah's Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon led two projects awarded by DARPA's Electronics Resurgence Initiative, focusing on developing open-source hardware compilers and high-quality FPGAs. The projects aim to create an eco-system for rapid development of complex system-on-chips.
The newly discovered Akainacephalus species from Utah is found to be closely related to Asian ankylosaurids, contradicting the prevailing view of its North American origins. Its unique armor arrangement suggests a distinct provincialism in Laramidia during the Late Campanian stage.
A study found that variations of a single gene in pigeons are associated with diverse feather patterns and unexpected links to human vision defects. The gene, Norrie Disease Protein, is well-studied in humans but has different effects on pigs, causing only pigmentation changes.