Articles tagged with Lesions
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Researchers have identified a new abnormality related to disease progression and disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study found that T1-weighted MR images of the brains of MS patients often depict bright areas called hyperintense lesions, which were more likely to be present in patients with secondary-progressive MS.
A study published in The Lancet found that celecoxib can reduce the need for revascularisation of the target lesion by 35% after stent implantation, making it a promising adjunctive treatment for preventing restenosis. However, long-term use of celecoxib may expose patients to an increased risk of heart attack.
A simple visual inspection technique using acetic acid (VIA) has been shown to reduce cervical cancer incidence in poor countries by up to 35%. The study found that VIA screening led to a significant decrease in cervical cancer cases and deaths among women in the intervention group compared to those in the control group.
A study from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for 70% of invasive cervical cancer cases globally. The researchers analyzed data on over 14,000 invasive and high-grade cases to estimate the prevalence of different virus types.
A recent study found that hyperintense lesions in older patients may indicate more severe brain damage, associated with conditions like dementia and memory problems. The study's lead author suggests that these lesions could be a sign of widespread disease in the brain.
A study found that combining endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) increases diagnostic yield in peripheral lung lesions. The procedure achieved a sensitivity comparable to surgical biopsies, with a 88% diagnostic yield, while reducing complications.
A new study found that software enhancement of breast MRI scans reduces false positive identifications by 23 percent, improving the accuracy of radiologists. The software analyzes multiple imaging series to provide detailed data on lesion morphology and kinetic features.
Researchers used CT scans to reveal a close-to-the-shoulder artery lesion in the Iceman, confirming his cause of death as a result of an arrowhead injury. The discovery sheds new light on life conditions in the past and the evolution of diseases.
Researchers found that pre-operative CT scans in patients experiencing acute appendicitis symptoms may delay surgery, increasing the risk of appendix rupture. Colonoscopies are recommended over flexible sigmoidoscopy for detecting advanced neoplastic lesions, with notable racial disparities observed.
A quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions that can lead to cancers. The vaccine reduced the risk of all high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions by 49% in a population of sexually active young women.
Researchers analyzed post-mortem brain slices using 3T and 7T MRI, revealing 7T's ability to detect more MS lesions. This advancement can delay disease conversion and improve monitoring of neurological deficits in multiple sclerosis patients.
A new study suggests that dual-energy MDCT can enhance polyp detection in an unprepped colon, potentially making CT colonography more comfortable for patients. The researchers found improved accuracy at lower energy settings, paving the way for future studies to test patient safety and efficacy.
A new study finds that virtual colonoscopy with removal of lesions 6 mm or greater is the most cost-effective colon cancer screening test. The study reveals that targeting smaller lesions has little impact on reducing CRC incidence and increases financial costs, while also leading to adverse events.
Researchers have discovered that faulty DNA repair contributes to the onset of Huntington's disease. The study suggests that targeting a key enzyme in oxidative lesion repair may offer a way to slow or stop the disease.
Research suggests that obstructive sleep apnea patients with moderate to severe disease are at higher risk for stroke due to silent brain infarction lesions. The use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy has been shown to lower markers of platelet activation and reduce the incidence of subsequent ischemic brain lesions.
Functional connectivity MRI studies revealed that lower brain connectivity regions correlate with impaired visual field perception in neglected stroke patients. The study provides new insights into the neurological details of spatial neglect, highlighting the value of MRI in studying behavioral symptoms.
A recent study found that the extent of brain tissue loss and lesion load at diagnosis can predict the rate of brain atrophy over two years in MS patients. Baseline MRI variables, including brain volume and T2 lesions, are associated with subsequent brain volume change.
Researchers developed a new screening process using chemiluminescent light and toluidine blue dye to improve diagnosis accuracy for early-stage oral cancer. The study found that this approach can reduce unnecessary biopsies and false negatives, leading to better patient outcomes.
A recent study found that patients with recurrent silent brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had a higher risk of subsequent ischemic strokes and vascular-related deaths. The study, published in Archives of Neurology, suggests that MRI may depict pathological changes before the development of clinical stroke symptoms.
A new ultrasound technique, elasticity imaging, has been found to correctly identify both cancerous and harmless breast lesions in nearly all cases. By gauging tissue movement, the non-invasive method can detect how soft or stiff an object is, reducing the need for invasive biopsies.
A study of marathon runners found that those who ran longer distances and wore inadequate clothing during training were more likely to develop skin cancer. The authors advise runners to reduce UV exposure by choosing low-sun schedules, wearing adequate clothing, and regularly using water-resistant sunscreens.
A new study confirms the effectiveness of MRI-guided breast biopsy by using specimen radiography to confirm lesion removal. Whole specimen and sliced specimen radiography proved valuable in detecting lesions, identifying pathologists' findings, and locating fractured biopsy needle wires.
A recent study published in Arthritis Research & Therapy reveals a strong genetic link between hereditary knee bone marrow lesions and osteoarthritis. The research, conducted on 115 siblings from 48 families, found that the prevalence of these lesions was significantly influenced by genetics.
Researchers at University of California - San Diego found that mechanical stretching activates cellular protein JNK, damaging cells and contributing to atherosclerosis. This discovery may help design better treatment approaches for cardiovascular disease.
Contrast-enhanced sonography outperformed sonography and CT in detecting solid organ injuries in blunt abdominal trauma patients, with a sensitivity of 91.4% compared to sonography's 45.7%. The new tool offers a user-friendly and simple alternative for diagnosing traumatic abdominal injuries.
A new guideline called SCRATCH helps pediatricians recognize the source of a rash by considering symmetry, clusters, age, target/time, confused, and household factors. The tool aims to prevent misdiagnoses and costly tests by providing a simple and memorable acronym.
A Mailman School of Public Health study reveals that even low doses of arsenic in drinking water can increase the risk of skin lesions. Researchers found that participants exposed to well water with arsenic concentrations as low as 50 ug/l were at higher risk, particularly men and those with normal body mass index.
A pilot study found that folic acid supplementation significantly increased mean folate levels and decreased homocysteine levels, leading to complete resolution of leucoplakia lesions in 28% of patients. The results suggest folate may effectively reduce cancer progression risk, especially in those with hypofolatemia.
Using MR spectroscopy improves the detection of malignant breast lesions, reducing the need for biopsy procedures. The technology helps identify tumors with elevated choline compounds, which are a marker of an active tumor, and eliminates the need for biopsies to determine their composition.
Researchers at the University of Georgia discovered that protons knocked off a DNA base pair can cause chain damage, leading to lesions and replication errors. This finding could lead to serious disorders like cancer.
Primary care physicians can improve their ability to detect malignant skin lesions using simplified dermoscopy techniques, resulting in a 25% increase in sensitivity. The use of dermoscopy reduces the number of false negatives and improves patient outcomes.
Researchers confirm ventral word-form area's causal role in recognizing words by studying a patient whose surgery disrupted the region. The patient showed impaired reading skills but retained object recognition and naming abilities.
Researchers at Cornell University and Harvard Medical School found that Pin1 enzyme accelerates amyloid precursor protein (APP) toggle between its good and bad forms, preventing plaque buildup and tangles. This discovery opens up new therapeutic approaches to treating Alzheimer's.
A study found that a high level of CRP is associated with an increased risk of developing progressive precancerous lesions in the lungs. The researchers believe that this inflammatory biomarker could help identify individuals at high risk for non-small cell lung cancer and potentially treat them with chemopreventive agents.
A recent study published in Radiology found that nearly a quarter of benign papillary breast lesions were upgraded to atypical ductal hyperplasia or ductal carcinoma in situ after surgical excision. This suggests that these lesions should be surgically removed to prevent potential cancer development.
The REALITY trial found that sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents had similar rates of restenosis and major adverse cardiac events. Longer follow-up is needed to determine if one stent type has a clinical advantage
The CYPHER Stent showed reduced restenosis and TLR rates compared to the Taxus stent. Exponential growth in 2005, driven by positive trial results, solidified its position as the leading drug-eluting stent globally.
Peroneal nerve injuries are common in traumatic knee dislocations and require precise knowledge for surgical intervention. Sonography accurately identifies nerve injuries and their extent, enabling optimal therapy planning.
Research shows that liver production of CRP is associated with atherosclerotic lesions, contradicting previous suggestions that CRP was merely a risk factor. Liver-derived CRP levels positively correlate with plaque size in rabbit models of atherosclerosis.
Researchers added optical tomography to ultrasound, allowing for non-invasive detection of malignant tumors with higher accuracy. The new technique uses near-infrared light to measure oxygen-carrying blood cells and microvessels in breast lesions.
The current treatment approaches for port-wine stains, facial hemangiomas, and vascular malformations are presented. Pulse-dye laser therapy is found to be an effective treatment for port-wine stains, while observation may suffice for stable lesions.
Researchers at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna have developed an animal model for psoriasis, revealing that epidermal alterations can initiate skin lesions and arthritis. The discovery challenges long-held beliefs about autoimmune diseases and provides a powerful tool for future studies.
The TAXUS V trial found paclitaxel-eluting stents significantly reduced angiographic restenosis and target vessel revascularization rates. The study's results support the use of these stents for patients with more complex coronary lesions, reducing the risk of artery re-narrowing after angioplasty.
The study found that repeated administration of interferon beta-1b decreased the rate of new 'black hole' lesions but did not affect their duration. This suggests that the drug may be neuroprotective but does not change the underlying pathological process in multiple sclerosis.
Researchers found that lesions stained with toluidine blue were six times more likely to become oral cancers and contained molecular alterations linked to high risk. The dye-staining lesions had characteristic molecular changes that predicted higher risk for oral cancers, even at early stages.
The study suggests that different patterns of tissue damage in MS patients require different treatment approaches. Plasma exchange treatment was found to be most helpful for severe attacks in patients with pattern II MS lesions, which contain large quantities of immunoglobulins and complement activation.
A study found that 45 out of 500 virtual colonoscopy patients had clinically important extracolonic findings, including kidney cancers and abdominal aortic aneurysms. The study suggests that virtual colonoscopy may be more effective at detecting diseases outside the colon than in the colon.
Researchers found a link between certain benign breast lesions and increased risk of breast cancer, particularly proliferative and atypical types. Women with non-proliferative forms had no increased risk as long as they didn't have a strong family history.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that contrast-enhanced MRI is more accurate than FDG-PET in detecting liver tumors, especially for smaller lesions. The study analyzed 79 liver tumors and showed an accuracy rate of 75.5% for MRI versus 64.1% for PET.
Researchers have found that women carrying a certain immune system gene and not having HPV16 are three times less likely to resolve their precancerous lesions. This discovery could provide better targets for cervical cancer vaccine development and potentially allow women to avoid surgery, according to Johns Hopkins scientists.
Researchers have developed serum proteomic fingerprints for diagnosing gastric cancer, achieving an accuracy rate of 73% in detecting the disease. Additionally, confocal endomicroscopy has been found to be more effective in monitoring ulcerative colitis and detecting precancerous lesions, potentially saving lives.
Low-grade DCIS lesions can evolve to invasive breast cancer within 15 years of diagnosis, with a regional risk and high mortality rate. The study found that 30% of women with untreated low-grade DCIS developed invasive breast cancer in the same breast within 15 years.
Researchers developed a risk score based on age, sex, smoking, and obesity to identify young people with advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The study found that high-risk adolescents and young adults can benefit from targeted advice and lifestyle changes to reduce their long-term cardiovascular disease risk.
A study assessed dermatologists' perception of 4,036 skin lesions and found that irregularity, ugly duckling sign, and recent change are key factors. These findings suggest that teaching the public to recognize these patterns could improve early detection of melanoma.
A new study by University at Buffalo researchers found that panoramic X-rays have limited value and can be used selectively in some cases. The study, which evaluated 1,000 panoramic X-rays, revealed that lesions in sinus cavities, soft tissue of the neck, and upper jaw bone were not always picked up on full-mouth-series X-rays.
A statewide survey of coaches and students found that 40% of former tobacco users had oral lesions, with smokeless tobacco users at higher risk. Tobacco use is more prevalent among male athletes, particularly Caucasians, and increases from grade 6 to 22.7% by grade 12.
The PEM unit detects breast cancer by pinpointing tumors with increased glucose metabolism, outperforming mammography in dense breast tissue. The device uses fluorodeoxyglucose to identify cancerous lesions, with 18 of 20 detected abnormalities proven to be cancerous.
A study found that Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) systems can effectively detect small and subtle breast cancers, with a sensitivity of up to 92% for lesions of 5 mm or less. CAD also helps reduce missed cancers and positively impacts breast cancer prognosis without increasing patient recall rates.
A DNA enzyme found in some animals can repair damage caused by UV light, protecting against skin cancer. Researchers discovered this enzyme helps defend against non-melanoma skin cancer in mice with the transgene.
Research found lesions on sperm whale bones increase with age and size, suggesting chronic decompression damage. Nitrogen gas bubbles from sonar or seismic survey guns may cause acute problems in whales.