Articles tagged with Human Reproduction
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Researchers have generated molecular maps of the second week of gestation, revealing the biochemical signals that control human embryo development. This breakthrough provides a crucial reference for studying birth defects and pregnancy loss in humans.
Researchers found that zinc ion serves as a master-regulator of various processes in sperm to facilitate fertilization. Zinc helps maintain sperm in the non-capacitated state, preventing premature capacitation during artificial insemination.
A Rutgers study analyzing brain stem cells of autism patients found irregularities in early brain development, supporting the concept that ASD arises from poor control of brain cell proliferation. The study discovered that some patients had NPCs producing too many brain cells while others had underproduced cells.
A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine suggests that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy can provide protection to newborns against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study found a lower incidence of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants born to vaccinated mothers compared to unvaccinated mothers.
The ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group presented promising trial results at ASCO 2022, including an 8-year survival rate in the CHAARTED prostate trial. The research also explored outcomes by tobacco use in head and neck studies, shedding light on cancer treatment effectiveness.
Researchers found that australopithecines' smaller brain sizes at birth were likely an adaptation for bipedalism, allowing them to navigate the complex birth canal. The study suggests that prolonged learning outside the womb was crucial for cognitive and cultural development in early humans.
Research reveals that older men with higher BMI display reduced reproductive health, particularly in terms of sperm cell production. The study also highlights the potential biomarkers for diagnosis of testis aging and directions for potential treatment.
Current guidelines for treating women's obesity, hypertension and diabetes are based on men's studies. Researchers call for sex-specific guidelines to accurately treat these conditions in women, as they have different risk factors and manifestations.
A recent study published in ACS Omega analyzed protein levels in semen of men who recovered from COVID-19 and found significant reductions in sperm count, motility, and normally shaped sperm. The researchers also detected changes in fertility-related proteins such as semenogelin 1 and prosaposin.
A recent study found that obese pregnant women are at a higher risk of experiencing stillbirth or neonatal death. The research revealed that over 60% of this increased risk is associated with deliveries occurring at an earlier gestational age, highlighting the importance of careful prenatal care and monitoring.
A blood test may identify risk of stillbirth and placentitis in pregnant individuals who have had COVID-19. The finding could improve care for high-risk pregnancies and lead to the development of a new screening tool.
Aging egg cells accumulate damage to genetic material, preventing maturation and fertilization. Researchers have identified a key process causing this damage and found that anti-viral drugs can reverse it.
Researchers used an ancient fish, elephant sharks, to gain insights into human biology and how a widely used medication works. The findings show that progesterone receptor activation in humans requires a different mix of hormones and steroids than in elephants sharks, with the latter not inhibited by RU486.
Scientists discovered two new targets, EPPIN domains, to block sperm motility, a complex process that allows sperm to reach the egg. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using mice as models for in vivo trials, simplifying preclinical studies and paving the way for novel male contraceptives.
In Bangladesh, cesarean sections have increased significantly from 3.88% in 2004 to 33% in 2017/18, but the disparity in access between wealthy and poorer women has grown. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address this issue.
Researchers at Boston University found no association between COVID-19 vaccination and conception likelihood in female or male partners. However, COVID-19 infection was linked to reduced fertility in men, particularly those testing positive within 60 days of a cycle.
A recent study published in Pediatric Research found no SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in breastmilk from mothers infected with COVID-19, ruling out transmission to infants. The authors analyzed 110 lactating women and did not find any clinical evidence of infection in breastfeeding infants.
A study by USF Genomics program found that prenatal exposure to the Rwandan genocide was associated with epigenetic modifications in genes linked to mental disorders. These 'chemical' changes can have a rapid response to trauma across generations, suggesting a possible link between historical trauma and modern-day mental health issues.
Researchers at Boston Medical Center created a new resource to manage long-term heart disease risk after specific pregnancy complications. The review synthesizes recommendations for primary care clinicians to assess and manage risk, focusing on preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm delivery.
A new study reveals that poor women in rural India are more likely to die during childbirth due to lack of access to safe hospital births. The research found that only 26% of women in low-performing states deliver in hospitals, compared to 87% of those exposed to mass media.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that maternal hypertension genes influence infant birth weight through effects on the placenta. The researchers analyzed fetal growth data and found a significant association between maternal genetic risk score and placental weight.
A Washington State University study found that cannabis vapor exposure lowered sperm counts and slowed movement in male mice and their sons. The study suggests that cannabis use may be detrimental to male reproductive function, contributing to declining human sperm counts.
Researchers found that females who consumed less food for their entire lives lived longer but didn't reproduce as well as better-fed counterparts. However, those who switched to unlimited food after early life restriction started mating and reproducing more, producing three times more offspring than restricted diet flies.
Experts warn of a crisis in sex education due to the continued creation and endorsement of abstinence-only curricula. Comprehensive sex education is proven to promote sexual health among adolescents, but its delivery has declined over the last 25 years.
A study of roundworms found that older parents can produce larger, faster-developing offspring with better reproductive success, challenging the notion that old parental age is detrimental. The research showed that older parents invest more nutrients in eggs, resulting in larger offspring.
A study published in The Journal of Sex Research found that higher testosterone levels are associated with having multiple partners in men and solitary sexual activity in women. The research, which analyzed data from nearly 4,000 adults, highlights the complex relationship between hormones and human sexuality.
A new genetic study reveals hundreds of genes that evolved to be turned on or off in the human uterus during early pregnancy, shedding light on what makes human pregnancy uniquely human. These genes are involved in cell-to-cell communication, immune response regulation, and placental invasion, highlighting the importance of evolutionar...
Researchers at Kyushu University successfully reconstitute the ovarian follicle from mouse stem cells, generating functional egg cells and growing viable mice. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for infertility and help conserve endangered animals through egg cell production.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst scientist suggests that rising social stress may contribute to the projected global population decline starting in 2064. Stress from social media and other social interactions may be leading to changes in reproductive behavior and physiology, resulting in decreased reproduction rates.
Researchers discovered a distinct difference in gene expression in women who underwent preterm labor compared to those at full term. The findings suggest new directions for studying preterm labor and potentially effective treatments.
Researchers at RMIT University have discovered a Teflon-like molecule on the womb's surface that decreases at a certain point in the menstrual cycle, opening the 'golden window' for pregnancy success. This finding could lead to improved IVF success rates and potentially treat underlying causes of infertility.
The Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health has established the Jennifer Schlecht Memorial Scholarship to support students pursuing careers in sexual and reproductive health. The scholarship aims to honor Jennifer's memory by providing travel stipends for field experience in fragile settings.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found a link between geographical location and male reproductive health, with pollution levels varying by region. The researchers analyzed dog testes to identify correlations between environmental exposures and reproductive health.
A new study from Ohio State University found that one in 10 Ohio women thought abortion was illegal due to legislative attempts to ban the practice at six weeks gestation. Women with lower socioeconomic status and those already facing structural barriers to reproductive healthcare were more likely to believe it was illegal.
Researchers from the University of Warwick developed a computational model predicting drug targets for SARS-CoV-2 by understanding host-based metabolic perturbations. The model highlights glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways as key targets, with potential connections to amino acid biosynthesis.
A recent study from Washington University in St. Louis found that older male rhesus monkeys sire significantly fewer offspring than younger males, despite high social status and mating rates. The researchers suggest that age-related decline in sperm quality or quantity may be the primary factor behind this phenomenon.
A global COVID-19 response that neglects sexual and reproductive health and justice inequities exacerbates existing social and economic burdens on these groups. The authors advocate for a human rights framework to address the pandemic's inequitable effects.
A study published in Genetics found that Coenzyme Q10 reversed most of the reproductive harms caused by exposure to BPA in Caenorhabditis elegans worms. The antioxidant improved or reversed multiple types of damage, including lower rates of egg cell death and fewer chromosome abnormalities.
A new study suggests that humans' ability to cooperate and share childrearing duties is key to our demographic success. Cooperative childrearing increases the number of children that mothers can successfully raise, leading to faster maturation and increased reproduction.
Researchers have developed a new technique to analyze sperm that tracks its tail movement, providing vital information for understanding male fertility. This technology has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
Researchers found that chronic stress can harm ovarian function and reduce the number of primordial follicles, but blocking ghrelin receptor improved ovarian function. The study suggests that eating habits may be able to mitigate the effects of stress on fertility.
A new robotic sensor technology has been developed to measure hormones affecting fertility, sexual development, and menstruation quickly and cheaply. The technology, called RAPTER, uses a novel biosensor linked to a robotic system to provide real-time results, paving the way for more personalized medicine.
A new study suggests that women in eating disorder treatment need more informative and personalized reproductive health advice, rather than vague warnings. The research found that participants felt fertility information was delivered as 'blackmail' or 'scaremongering', leading to feelings of self-blame and low motivation for recovery.
Researchers found that ibuprofen modified hormonal profiles through selective transcriptional repression of testicular endocrine cells, leading to a state of compensated hypogonadism. The study used testis explants and human steroidogenic cell lines to investigate the effects of ibuprofen on testicular health.
A study by Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia found that worldwide peaks of sexual interest coincide with specific religious celebrations, leading to peaks in birth rates. Online searches related to sex display a cyclical nature that correlates with a specific "loving mood" independently detected on Twitter.
Recent study reveals directional selection on height, age at first birth, and body mass index in males, while stabilizing selection is detected for several traits in older adults. The findings shed light on the ongoing forces shaping human evolution.
A new study by Lancaster University reveals that marginalized groups are often excluded from fertility data due to biases in survey design and sampling. This exclusion can lead to unequal access to reproductive healthcare and misguided policies.
A recent study published in Human Reproduction found that underweight women are at a greater risk of experiencing an early menopause compared to lean or normal weight women. Women who were underweight as teenagers or in their mid-30s had a significant increase in the risk of early menopause, with some women reporting a 50% higher risk.
Significant declines in sperm counts among men in Western countries are alarming, with a 52% fall between 1973 and 2011. The research highlights the need for further investigation into the causes of these trends, which may be linked to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
The researcher is studying calcium channels in gonadotropes to understand their role in reproductive disease. This knowledge can lead to the development of new treatments for infertility, tumor growth, and other disorders.
Researchers propose that naked mole-rats' exceptional longevity is due to slowing individual development, resulting in a longer youth period and decelerated aging. Similarly, human data suggests a similar slowdown in the 'Master Biological Clock', leading to increased lifespan and prolonged youth.
Researchers validated 70 genes associated with congenital heart disease in fruit flies, including those modifying histone structure. This approach may enable precise gene-editing techniques for tailored treatments.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine study found that social ecology influences on personal experiences and interactions with family, peers, and healthcare providers hinder young men's use of sexual and reproductive health care. Long wait times, costs, and concerns about privacy also deter seeking care.
A new study reveals that pubertal timing has a significant impact on male reproductive health, with early or late onset associated with poorer semen quality and smaller testicles. The study also found links between pubertal timing and obesity, cardiovascular disease, and sexually transmitted diseases.
A study of African elephants found that mothers and grandmothers provide significant reproductive and survival benefits to their daughters and grandchildren. Grandmothers' social knowledge and environmental conditions significantly impact calf survival, while early birth years and maternal age also play a role in determining reproducti...
A new analysis explores the possibility of in vitro gametogenesis for human reproduction, allowing same-sex couples to have biologically related children. The procedure could also enable 'perfecting reproduction' by making prenatal selection easier and more robust.
The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics calls for increased efforts to prevent exposure to toxic chemicals, linked to reproductive issues such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and cancer. The group advocates for policies to protect patients and communities from involuntary chemical exposure.
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada has selected Elsevier to publish its journal JOGC, a leading peer-reviewed publication on obstetrics and gynaecology. The partnership aims to improve the journal's content and services for its members and the wider medical community.
A systematic review of 65 studies in 34 countries identifies 7 areas of mistreatment and abuse during childbirth, including physical, sexual, and verbal abuse. The authors call for improved access to privacy, resources, and trained staff to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Research by Carnegie Institution scientists links steroid hormone ecdysone with fat accumulation and egg development in fruit flies. The findings suggest that increased stored body fat and sugars support healthy oocyte production and fertility.