Articles tagged with Polyploids
Researchers developed a new bioinformatic framework to reconstruct polyploid genome evolution, applying it to the cultivated octoploid strawberry. The approach identifies subgenome structure and infers the timing of major genome-merging events, clarifying debates about the evolutionary origin of modern strawberry.
The study developed a novel method, BacPhase, for constructing bin markers and genome phasing in polyploid crops. By using PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing, researchers generated high-confidence bin markers in potato, achieving 59.58% scaffold anchoring to chromosomes.
A recent study on plant beetleweed reveals that it can have multiple chromosome complements, known as cytotypes, which previously were thought to be mutually exclusive. This finding challenges the notion that different species with distinct chromosome numbers cannot coexist.
Polyploidy, a state with extra genetic material, allows cancer cells to survive longer under DNA damage. This phenomenon explains why some cancers are resistant to anti-cancer drug treatments.
Researchers studied three polyploid plant species that successfully adapted to extra DNA and found distinct molecular solutions. The study identified the CENP-E molecule as a promising target for killing polyploid cancers. Additionally, 'meiosis genes' were found to play a crucial role in rapid adaptation to polyploidy.
Researchers investigated whole genome duplication's effects on greater duckweed's metabolome, finding increased metabolite abundance and changes in cell size. The study sheds light on the immediate phytochemical effects of WGD, highlighting the need for cell-level impacts analysis.
An international team of evolutionary biologists investigated the genomic underpinnings of plant adaptation to cold environments. The study found that polyploids exhibit genomic structural variants with signals for possible local adaptation more frequently than diploid species.
Researchers used CRISPR to fine-tune sugarcane's leaf angle, capturing more sunlight and increasing biomass production. The study focused on the LIGULELESS1 gene, which plays a major role in determining leaf angle.
Researchers will study polyploidy's effects on plants and animals, from ecosystems to cells, with potential applications in agriculture, medicine and conservation. The project aims to identify consistent rules governing polyploidy and its role in shaping biodiversity.
Researchers at MUSC Hollings Cancer Center discover polyploid giant cancer cells can lead to disease recurrence after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. They found that targeting these 'monster cells' could prevent tumor relapse, and potential therapies like tamoxifen and statins may also be effective.
A new genomic study sheds light on the evolutionary innovation behind carnivorous Asian pitcher plants, suggesting that duplicated genomes may have enabled specialized carnivory and separate-sexed plants.
Researchers have identified a decaploid genome structure in the Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plant, revealing subgenome dominance that contributes to evolutionary innovation. Recessive subgenomes are enriched with novel genes, particularly those related to unique traits like dioecy and carnivory.
Researchers reveal a crucial link between DNA copy number and autophagy in embryonic development. High levels of autophagy are observed in cells with multiple copies of DNA, which can lead to programmed cell death.
Cancer cells can hide and escape therapies leading to recurrence. Researchers identify three possible mechanisms: cancer stem cells, polyploidy, and senescence. Combination treatments involving chemoradiation-induced transitory senescence and senolytic therapies may be effective in preventing repopulation.
A new study from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research reveals the placenta's polyploid cells play a vital role in supporting healthy embryonic development. The modified cell cycle controlling polyploidy is governed by the regulatory gene Myc, which supports DNA replication and prevents premature cellular aging.
Researchers discuss chemotherapeutic resistance in recurring ovarian cancer, focusing on the unfolded protein response and its effect on polyploid giant cancer cells. Understanding this mechanism could lead to investigating cancer cell molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
Researchers used machine learning to predict sugarcane yield based on DNA. The technique improved accuracy by over 50% compared to traditional breeding methods.
A team of scientists has discovered that the enzyme DNA topoisomerase VI plays a critical role in removing chromosome tangles in plants, which may lead to new antimalarial drug targets. The study provides unprecedented insight into the mechanism of action of this enzyme and its potential applications in plant breeding.
Researchers at Colorado State University investigate how genome doubling influences the biology of key crop plants, including wheat and kiwifruit. They aim to understand how energy production is altered following genome-doubling events in plant cells.
A recent study by Doyle and Coate explores the mechanisms of polyploidy in plants, highlighting its impact on cell biology and evolutionary novelty. The authors found that genome doubling can alter cell size, nuclear volume, and cell cycle duration, with many effects attributed to changes in bulk DNA amount.
Vicki P. Losick has been awarded the first-ever William Procter Scientific Innovation Fund to study age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using a fruit fly model. The goal is to identify genetic strategies to treat AMD by understanding the role of polyploidy in human retinal diseases.
Researchers are struggling to develop better varieties of crops like coffee and bananas due to the complexity of their multiple chromosomes. A $47,000 grant is funding an international meeting to collaborate and compare findings on polyploid crops.
A new type of plant, 'Shetland's monkeyflower', has been discovered in the Shetland Isles, resulting from the doubling of its chromosomes. The plant, a descendant of a non-native species, produces larger flowers and changes in leaf size and flowering time.
The African clawed frog X. laevis genome contains nearly double the number of chromosomes as its related species, a result of whole genome duplication and polyploidy. The study reveals that the genome is comprised of two distinct sets of chromosomes from two extinct ancestors.
A new study by Queen Mary University of London and the University of California, Riverside found that polyploid hybrids in the genus Nicotiana have shorter and wider flower openings than their parent species. This allows a wider range of pollinators to enter the flowers, making them less vulnerable to extinction. The researchers sugges...
New research from Queen Mary University of London found that polyploid hybrids in the Nicotiana genus can have wider flower openings, making them less vulnerable to extinction. This allows a wider range of pollinators to access their flowers.
A team led by Chris Saski from Clemson University will sequence the genome of Upland cotton to unlock its complex secrets, with potential benefits for plant breeding and agriculture. The project aims to improve Upland cotton fiber yield and quality, addressing global challenges like climate change and food security.
Recent advancements reveal polyploidy's ubiquitous nature, facilitating instant speciation and increasing biodiversity. Genome doubling is now recognized as a crucial evolutionary force, especially in plant lineages.
A recent study suggests that plant speciation may not be influenced by environmental factors, instead emphasizing the importance of seed dispersal and similar habitats. This finding has significant implications for agriculture and climate change, as many crop species are polyploids and may not adapt well to changing climates.
Researchers will use wild strawberry plants to identify the role of genetic diversity in polyploids, which make up 30-80% of all living plants. The project aims to predict ecological responses to environmental change and ensure sustainability of crops like strawberries, cherries, and apples.
A University of Florida study suggests that genome evolution in hybrid plants may follow predictable patterns, known as 'rules', which determine gene loss. This could lead to the creation of higher and more stable yields in crops like wheat, corn, and apples.
Researchers have found that newly formed plant species exhibit highly unstable genomes, which may lead to improved fertility and yields in crops such as wheat, corn, and broccoli. The study's findings could inform the development of polyploid crops with higher fertility and performance.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina Health Care have identified the regulatory mechanism behind cell polyploidy, a phenomenon observed in plants and insects. The discovery may lead to new insights into liver regeneration and disease treatment.
A new genetic study suggests that the evolution of flowering plants was 'jump started' by two major upheavals in the plant genome, occurring nearly 200 million years ago. These events produced thousands of new genes that drove the evolutionary explosion leading to the diverse range of present-day flowering plants.
Scientists from Indiana University and three other institutions find that polyploidy is a common process responsible for 15% of flowering plant species and 30% of fern species. However, the study also suggests that extra genomes may not provide a powerful advantage over diploid plants.
Hybrid plants exhibit increased growth and biomass due to the increased expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and starch metabolism during the day. This connection between circadian clock regulators and growth vigor could lead to new methods for increasing biomass crops for biofuels and improving food yields.