Articles tagged with Cell Morphology
Researchers found that gut cell turnover depends on nutrient quantity, not specific nutrient quality, in fruit flies. Gut cells sense satiety based on cytoplasm viscosity, not amino acid metabolism.
A team of researchers from the University of Copenhagen has discovered a crucial communication system on cell surfaces that plays a significant role in heart development. Alterations in three key proteins can disrupt this system, leading to congenital heart defects.
Researchers reveal a previously unrecognized form of actin self-organization that may help explain how cells spontaneously generate shape and movement. Live-cell imaging and computational modeling show that these self-propelled treadmilling actin filaments (SpTAs) drive cellular protrusions through a process powered by treadmilling.
Researchers discovered a structural adaptation supporting the survival and mobility of a Dead Sea single-celled organism in harsh environments. The archaeal filament, powered by a membrane-anchored protein motor, is stiffened and strengthened with a unique outer sheath structure to facilitate movement in viscous conditions.
New research reveals that cells slow down heat dissipation due to unique biomolecules, changing our understanding of heat conduction. This phenomenon could affect treatments for conditions linked to body temperature changes.
Salk Institute researchers have developed a new biological platform for studying mitochondrial DNA in human physiology, adaptation, and therapeutic development. The platform allows scientists to investigate mitochondrial DNA variation in health and disease, enabling therapeutic innovation for mitochondrial disorders.
Professor Timo Betz's project aims to develop synthetic materials that mimic key behaviors of living cells, including self-organization and physical adaptation. By studying the mechanical properties of living cells, he will recreate part of the cell's interior in a synthetic way.
New research reveals that tumor cells in supratentorial ependymomas cluster into distinct neighborhoods, each with a specific role, such as proliferating or invading. Understanding these cell subtypes could help predict treatment response and inform targeted therapies for this aggressive childhood brain cancer.
For the first time, researchers have directly visualized how newly formed cellular organelles leave the endoplasmic reticulum and transition onto microtubule tracks inside living cells. The study reveals that the ER plays an active role in steering intracellular traffic.
Researchers develop experimental drugs that encourage mitochondria in cells to work harder and burn more calories. The findings offer a framework for designing safe and effective weight-loss treatments with potential benefits for metabolic health and neurodegenerative diseases.
Engineers from the University of Rochester's Department of Biomedical Engineering are studying how cells interact mechanically with the extracellular matrix to build tissues and organs. The study aims to shed light on developmental diseases, such as cancer and failed wound healing, which involve distorted principles during development.
Researchers developed DeMemSeg, an AI-driven pipeline that accurately segments overlapping membrane structures with accuracy comparable to expert manual analysis. The approach enables large-scale, objective, and quantitative analysis of morphological data, providing a foundational technology for advancing disease mechanisms.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen discovered two new ciliary proteins that regulate cell communication and may lead to the development of new treatments for chronic diseases. The study found that defective cilia can disrupt signaling in almost all tissues and organs, leading to various diseases.
Researchers have finally pinned down the genomic, epigenomic, and cellular landscape of the enigmatic arrow worm, connecting its unique genetic markup to specialized cell-types. The study reveals an unprecedented rate of gene genesis and duplication, as well as a unique method of chromosomal organization.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding malaria parasite proteins that could lead to targeted therapies. Two key proteins, PfRAP03 and PfRAP08, regulate gene expression in the apicoplast, a unique organelle found in P. falciparum. The loss of either protein led to parasite death, confirming their essential roles.
Researchers from Osaka University have identified a protein complex crucial for male fertility, revealing the TEX38/ZDHHC19 interaction regulates sperm development and structure. The study found that disrupting this complex can cause sperm deformity and infertility, providing insight into the causes of male infertility.
A team of researchers has discovered that subtle changes in a lipid-binding region can dramatically alter the function of transcription factors in plants. By swapping the START domains of two near-identical paralogs, PHB and CNA, the researchers demonstrated that this single change could rewrite developmental instructions.
A team of scientists has created a comprehensive atlas of early mammalian morphogenesis, revealing that individual events such as cell divisions and movements are highly chaotic. However, the embryos as a whole end up looking very similar to one another, with physical laws driving them to form a specific morphology shared among mammals.
Researchers from Osaka University used machine learning to assess the shapes, sizes, and other physical features of bacteria based on microscope images. The results showed that antibiotic-resistant strains were fatter or shorter than their parental strains, especially those resistant to quinolone and β-lactams.
A Chinese Medical Journal study developed an AI-based system to automate embryo selection and eliminate subjectivity in IVF. The system improved human embryo assessment and selection, achieving higher accuracy in embryo aneuploidy screening than experienced embryologists.
Researchers developed Tripath to analyze 3D tissue samples, predicting clinical outcomes based on 3D morphological features. This approach outperformed traditional methods, providing promising potential for guiding critical treatment decisions.
A novel droplet digital PCR assay detects KMT2A fusion markers in AML patients, enabling sensitive MRD detection and guiding treatment decisions. This breakthrough may improve patient outcomes by assessing response to therapy and long-term surveillance.
A team of researchers from Okayama University found that short-chain fatty acids produced by intestinal bacteria trigger elongation of dendrites in dendritic cells, capturing intestinal pathogens and enhancing immune responses. This discovery may lead to the development of new treatments targeting dendritic cells to prevent diseases.
Researchers have developed a novel optical on-demand droplet release (OODR) system that uses lasers to efficiently sort and export single-cell cultures from static droplet arrays. The system reduces reagent usage and sample size, while maintaining cell viability and analysis accuracy.
A research team at USTC realized single-pixel imaging of single living cells using 3D light-field illumination, achieving a resolution of up to 2.7 μm laterally and 37 μm axially. This breakthrough enables volumetric imaging of microscopic objects with high-performance 3D SPI.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Zurich found that the Notch signaling pathway plays a crucial role in shaping and varying tooth enamel. The team used genetically modified mouse models to analyze the effects of the Notch-ligands on teeth, revealing that their absence affected tooth morphology and enamel formation.
Researchers have identified distinct senescence subpopulations and dynamic changes in the transcriptome of human cells undergoing senescence. The study provides new understanding of the heterogeneous nature of senescence and its impact on aging diseases.
The study, led by Professor Takashi Miura of Kyushu University, has discovered that interdigitated cell boundaries have a mathematically scaling pattern with self-similarity. The team used the Edwards-Wilkinson model to simulate and understand the molecular mechanism responsible for these dynamics.
A new study develops an algorithm to decode the coordinated regulation of cell-edge velocity by Rho GTPases, revealing specific characteristics of each enzyme. The model predicts edge velocity from activity time series with high accuracy.
Researchers discovered a mechanism involving ribosomes that enables the heart to toggle between a regular maintenance mode and an energy-boost mode. This finding provides clues for developing medicines targeting specific ribosomes to treat cardiovascular disease.
A recent study published in Oncotarget reveals that Nectin-4 is widely expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), with significant correlations to clinico-pathological parameters. Non-smokers and p16-positive HNSCC showed higher expression of Nectin-4, leading to better survival rates for positive tumors.
A new study in Cell Systems explores the benefits of using multiple data types in drug discovery. Gene expression and cell morphology provide complementary information for drug prioritization, advancing drug discovery, functional genomics, and precision medicine.
Researchers found that mTOR inhibition is crucial for p53-mediated tumor suppression, delaying cancer and increasing lifespan. In the absence of mTOR inhibition, cancer-promoting senescent cells drive tumor growth.
Researchers discovered that CAMSAP2 proteins utilize phase separation to form an 'aster' structure, which then organizes into a microtubule network. This process is crucial for the formation of specialized cell shapes, such as those found in heart muscle and nerve cells.
Research reveals that cancer cells have softer membranes than normal cells, but stiffening them can prevent abnormal changes in structure and motility. Stiffened breast cancer cells lost the ability to spread to the lungs in mouse experiments, suggesting a potential strategy for cancer treatments.
A new machine learning algorithm has enabled researchers to automatically identify and map the inner structures of cells, including organelles, with unprecedented precision. By processing tens of thousands of high-resolution images, scientists have gained insights into how these structures interact and are arranged within the cell.
Researchers found that using a binary solvent mixture can improve the efficiency of polymer solar cells. By varying the casting solvent, they were able to control the molecular organization and nanoscale morphology of fluorinated non-fullerene acceptors, resulting in higher power conversion efficiencies.
Dr. Arthur R. Hand is recognized for his significant work on salivary gland ultrastructure and function, including the role of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase and lingual lipase and amylase. He has made major contributions to our understanding of salivary glands and their various components.