Articles tagged with Effector T Cells
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The NIH has awarded a $2 million grant to Ken Oestreich at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute to study immunological memory. The research aims to understand how immune cells form and transition into memory cells, which can recognize and respond to pathogens more efficiently.
A subset of immune cells has been found to create and sustain chronic inflammatory bowel disease, a condition characterized by persistent diarrhea and abdominal pain. These cells could become therapeutic targets to treat Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation found that a combination of ipilimumab and CPI-1205 enhances T cell responses, tumor rejection, and survival in cancer patients. Elevated EZH2 levels in T cells suppress immune activity, but inhibition of EZH2 improves effector T cell function.
Researchers found that a transcription factor protein called Runx3 plays a critical role in directing T cells towards memory cells, which can live for decades. This discovery may lead to the development of drugs that improve immune responses to vaccines and treatments for chronic diseases such as cancer.
Researchers found that CD4+ T effector cells upregulate Mdr1 in response to bile acids, maintaining intestinal homeostasis and limiting oxidative stress. This study provides valuable insights into the interaction between Teff cells and metabolites, potentially leading to new therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel diseases.
Research reveals memory CD8 T cells arise from effector CD8 T cells, which undergo demethylation to express genes associated with naïve T cells. This finding provides insight into designing more effective vaccines and expanding cancer immunotherapies.
Researchers found that memory T cells retain an 'epigenetic signature' from their effector state, allowing them to rapidly respond to future threats. This breakthrough has significant implications for vaccine development and could aid efforts to eliminate HIV from the body.
Researchers at Seattle Children's are exploring therapies that reprogram T cells to calm down an overactive immune response, which may hold promise for curing type 1 diabetes. The goal is to develop a treatment that could protect new patients from the life-long requirement for insulin therapy.
Researchers discovered that tumor metabolism damages naïve T-cells, affecting cancer immunity and immunotherapy. The study suggests targeting lactate pathway to improve immunotherapy effectiveness.
Scientists at the Gladstone Institutes have discovered a method to reprogram specific T cells, turning pro-inflammatory cells into anti-inflammatory ones. This breakthrough could lead to improved treatments for autoimmune diseases and therapies using stem cells.
LJI researchers identified key factors controlling T cell fate, shedding light on molecular mechanisms behind T cell exhaustion. This study offers new approaches to clinical intervention strategies to modulate T cell activity and improve immune function.
Researchers found that exhausted T cells, which are supposed to fight cancer, have a distinct epigenetic profile that prevents them from becoming durable memory cells. This limits the effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitors, which temporarily boost their activity but don't lead to long-lasting benefits.
Early antibiotic use can permanently alter the diversity of children's immune cells, potentially leading to increased risks of inflammatory bowel disease and allergies. The study aims to understand how antibiotics impact T cell education and balance in the gut microbiota.
Scientists have discovered a key mechanism controlling the production of daughter cells in the immune system, which could lead to more effective vaccines and cancer treatments. Asymmetric cell division generates two types of cells with distinct properties, influenced by the distribution of c-Myc signaling protein.
Researchers have found that MHC class II molecules on graft endothelial cells activate CD4+ effector memory T cells, which then promote the development of graft-targeting CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. This interaction can be blocked to limit acute rejection in organ transplants.
The new method allows tracking of gene expression changes in stem cells, immune cells, and potential applications for cancer research. Researchers discovered unique family-specific transcriptional profiles for single T cells, shedding light on how a single founding cell gives rise to diverse progeny.
Researchers found that memory cells arise directly from effector cells through a signaling molecule called Bcl-6. This discovery could lead to more effective vaccine development by strengthening the immune system's ability to respond to recurring pathogens.
Researchers develop a novel method to determine how T cells differentiate into specialized types of cells that help eradicate infected cells. The study identifies two previously unknown factors, Cyclin T1 and Cdk9, which work together during T cell differentiation.
Chronic drinking is associated with a reduced CD8 T cell response to the influenza virus, leading to increased disease severity. However, some effector functions of CD8 T cells remain intact, suggesting that alcohol may have distinct effects on the immune system.
Researchers have developed a novel treatment strategy that targets transplanted tissue, allowing over 70% of mice to accept transplants without lifelong immunosuppressive drugs. The approach also shows promise in treating autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes.
Scientists at UC San Diego School of Medicine have made a breakthrough discovery on the fate determination of T lymphocytes during an infection. They found that individual cells can make decisions about whether to become effector or memory cells almost immediately after exposure to a pathogen, suggesting that this process could be cruc...
Researchers used a defective form of HIV to track CD4+ T cells in HIV patients, distinguishing dividing cells from dying ones and discovering they can persist for at least 17 years. The study sheds light on the lifespan of effector memory T cells, which were previously thought to last only days or weeks.
Researchers found that loss of TSC1 in T cells disrupted the balance between regulatory and effector T cells, leading to severe inflammation. The study suggests that fine-tuning mTOR activity through regulators like TSC1 may be beneficial for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Researchers found that LIF levels were predictive of NPC patient response to radiation therapy, with patients having higher serum levels of LIF being resistant to treatment. LIF itself promotes NPC progression and radioresistance. Circadian clock proteins BMAL1 also regulate redox proteins preventing oxidative stress damage in neurons.
Researchers found that alefacept preserved the body's ability to produce its own insulin, with fewer episodes of hypoglycemia, while selectively targeting disease-causing T cells. The study suggests a potential new strategy for treating type 1 diabetes by restoring balance between immune cells.
A phase II study found that alefacept treatment significantly reduced insulin use and hypoglycemic events in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetics. The therapy targeted memory T-cells, preserving regulatory T-cells.
Researchers at Yale University have found that AgRP neurons, which regulate appetite, also impact immune cell function. Suppressing these neurons can lead to increased inflammation and vulnerability to autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at Benaroya Research Institute found that IL-6 signaling pathway proteins may serve as novel biomarkers for MS disease activity and a potential therapeutic target. The study discovered that T cells in patients with active MS were more sensitive to IL-6, which could lead to new therapies targeting the IL-6 pathway.
A study led by Columbia University Medical Center researchers found that an important branch of the immune system mounts a surprisingly robust anti-inflammatory T cell response to prevent atherosclerosis progression. Regulatory T cells suppress pro-inflammatory effector T cells and macrophages, reducing disease severity.
Imtiaz A. Khan, a GW professor, is studying the effects of microsporidia on HIV patients using a $1.6 million federal grant. His project aims to regulate CD8+ T cells to prevent complications in immunocompromised individuals.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have discovered a novel predictor for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) progression risk by analyzing changes in the physical characteristics of effector memory regulatory T cells. This finding could improve prognostication and inform therapeutic decision-making.
Researchers found that resident memory T cells in the skin, called TREMs, provide a powerful and effective immune response against infection. This new understanding challenges immunological dogma and suggests a more effective path to immunity through delivering vaccines to upper layers of the skin.
Georgia Health Sciences University researchers aim to identify early events in Sjögren's syndrome development to improve diagnosis and treatment. The study focuses on immune cells, particularly dendritic cells and T cells, to understand how the disease unfolds.
A new study published in Immunity sheds light on the complex mechanisms underlying immune tolerance and regulatory T cells. Researchers discovered that GATA-3 controls Foxp3 expression, revealing a crucial role for this transcription factor in regulating Treg function and immune response.
UBC researchers identified the mechanism that leads T-cells to spring into action, providing a new target for future or existing drugs to bolster the immune systems of people with HIV or cancer. Such drugs could also be used to stop the rejection of transplanted organs or inhibit the immune system from attacking normal tissues.
New data reveals novel lymphocyte-hepatocyte interactions regulated by HCV, affecting CD4+ T-cell trafficking and cytokine expression. This understanding may influence anti-viral immune responses and chronic HCV replication.
A new study reveals that certain T cells delay their arrival to fight tuberculosis-causing bacteria, reducing the immune response. Regulatory T cells activate at the same time as effector T cells, hindering the body's ability to combat TB.
Researchers developed a novel imaging system to visualize T-cell actions in animal models, providing insights into immune responses and transplant outcomes. The study revealed a clearer understanding of the balance between protective and destructive T-cells in transplanted tissue.
Scientists have discovered a molecule that determines which T cells become memory cells just days after a viral infection starts. This finding could lead to more effective vaccines for diseases like HIV/AIDS and cancer.
Researchers found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis evades the immune response by promoting regulatory T cells, which suppress the host response. This compartmentalization leads to chronic disease rather than complete eradication of the infection.
A study by Steffen Stenger and colleagues found that anti-TNF therapies, such as infliximab, decrease the immune system's ability to fight infections, including tuberculosis. The researchers identified a key immune cell subset, CD45RA+ effector memory CD8+ T cells, which plays a major role in targeting the bacterium that causes TB.
A study by Helmholtz Center researchers reveals that acute hepatitis B infection triggers chronic liver disease through altered T helper cell function. The team identified specific genes and immune mechanisms involved in the development of chronic hepatitis B, shedding light on potential diagnostic markers and treatment options.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine have imaged the body's immune response to a parasitic infection in the brain for the first time. The findings provide unexpected insights into how immune cells are regulated in the brain and have implications for treating inflammatory conditions.
Researchers found that deleting furin in helper T cells led to autoimmune disease in mice, highlighting the importance of regulatory and effector T cell balance. The study's findings have implications for developing drugs to increase immune response in diseases like cancer and HIV.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered a new signaling molecule IL-35 that prevents immune responses from running amok. The finding could lead to the development of new treatments for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases.
A new paradigm in immune regulation has been discovered, where LAG-3 protein acts as an immunological molecular brake controlled by the strength of the T cell receptor signal. The study shows that cleavage of LAG-3 proteins on activated T lymphocytes allows them to greatly increase their proliferation rate during an immune response.
Researchers found a process called 'trans-conditioning' influences whether a T cell becomes an effector or regulatory cell. This discovery may lead to new treatments for diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders like type I diabetes and arthritis.
Researchers found that AMP production is triggered by sterile wounding of the skin surface, independent of microbial exposure. The study also showed that activation of EGFR leads to increased antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and prevents microbial growth in human skin.
Researchers found that the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) negatively regulates CYP24 expression and subsequent vitamin D breakdown, but can also enhance vitamin D hydroxylation and breakdown by inducing CYP3A4. Additionally, IL-15 administration restored CD4+ T cell production in an animal model of HIV infection, while lithium w...
Researchers have discovered a novel T helper cell type, called THi cells, that produce the potent cytokine IL-17 and are responsible for initiating chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. The study's findings suggest that targeting these cells could lead to effective treatments for inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and asthma.
Scientists found that interleukin-12 allows some immune cells to bypass normal regulation and cause damage to the myelin coating in nerve cells, contributing to MS symptoms. The discovery may lead to new treatments for MS by inhibiting IL12 and restoring the function of T-regulatory cells.
Researchers identify optimal T cell selection and preparation strategies for adoptive immunotherapy approaches to treat tumors. Naive and early effector T cells are more effective than differentiated T cells in causing regression of large, established melanomas.
The Lag-3 gene controls regulatory T-cell function, which can prevent autoimmune diseases but also inhibit anti-cancer immune attacks. Researchers found that manipulating Lag-3 levels on T cells might prevent autoimmune diseases or amplify immune system attacks on cancer cells.
Researchers studied insulitis lesions in genetically engineered mice and discovered that inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) plays a crucial role in keeping insulitis respectful. Blocking ICOS disrupts the balance between T effector and regulatory cells, leading to diabetes progression.
Researchers found a marker for long-term immunity in CD8 T cells using the interleukin 7 (IL-7) receptor. This discovery can help scientists create more effective vaccines and develop new treatments for chronic viral infections and cancer.