Articles tagged with Genetic Analysis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry identified a genetic mutation linked to healthy information processing, shedding light on cognitive aging and age-related diseases. The CADM2 gene was found to be strongly associated with performance on tests of information processing speed.
Researchers found a strong correlation between the three-dimensional shape of the cerebral cortex and ancestral background. The study used data from over 1,200 children and adolescents to analyze genetic and neuroimaging information.
Researchers at PolyU have developed a novel big data analysis platform that unveils the unregulated patterns of gene network in cancer. The platform discovers potential diagnostic and therapeutic target genes, including Nucleophosmin (NPM1), for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML).
A gene previously suspected of influencing human obesity has been cleared of its connection, according to a new study. The researchers developed tools to analyze complex genomic regions, including the AMY1 locus, and found no association with body mass index.
The study analyzes 100,000 Californians' health records and genetic data to track down genetic contributions to disease. Researchers have identified genetic variants linked to various diseases, including prostate cancer, allergies, and diabetes.
A new study uses massively parallel gene function assays to characterize nearly 2000 BRCA1 variants, providing a potential solution for sorting out harmful and harmless variants. The approach demonstrates promise but is not yet ready for use in the clinic.
Researchers identified epigenetic alterations in CVID patients by comparing monozygotic twins. They found higher DNA methylation levels and impaired DNA demethylation in immunodeficient B cells, leading to reduced antibody production and altered cell maturation. These findings provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of CVID.
Researchers at EMBL-EBI developed a new method and algorithm that enables fast and efficient genetic analysis of large cohorts. The mSet algorithm allows for the simultaneous analysis of many genetic variants and traits, improving statistical power and enabling the study of up to half a million individuals.
A new national study in the Netherlands reveals that non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is accurate and preferred by pregnant women at high risk of having a baby with Down's syndrome. The TRIDENT study found 89 cases of trisomy 21, 11 of trisomy 18, and ten of trisomy 13, with only nine false positives.
Researchers analyzed thousands of women's genomes to determine how genes affect the age of first-time mothers and family size. They found that genes account for about 15% of the differences in these outcomes, suggesting an inherited reproductive advantage.
A new study finds that genetic differences between American eels that feed in freshwater and brackish environments explain their decline. The research identifies 99 genes associated with growth rate, heart development, and smell, highlighting the importance of genetics in determining eel survival.
The GTEx project analyzed over 54,000 genes across 43 body sites from 175 individuals to identify distinct regions in the genome that affect gene expression. This work sheds light on how genetic variation predisposes people to disease and provides a resource for future studies investigating genetic control of gene expression.
A multi-year study by Olga Troyanskaya and her team identified 144 functional gene interaction networks for organs as diverse as the kidney, liver, and whole brain. The technique, NetWAS, combines quantitative genetics with functional genomics to increase the power of GWAS and identify genes underlying complex human diseases.
Scientists have discovered a crucial signaling pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that can be targeted with substances already in clinical development for other diseases. This finding holds promise for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the disease.
Researchers identified duplicate regions on chromosomes 18 as a cause of false-positive results, with longer chromosomes more prone to errors. The study suggests maternal copy-number variants may contribute substantially to elevated risks, emphasizing the need for follow-up testing.
A new study found that kidneys from deceased African-American donors with two APOL1 gene renal risk variants failed more rapidly after transplantation. The study suggests that rapid genotyping of these donors at the time of organ recovery may improve transplant outcomes.
A genetic analysis of current smokers reveals that those consuming high amounts of tobacco are more likely to weigh less. The study found a 1.2kg lower body weight among double carriers of the CHRNA3 gene variant associated with higher tobacco consumption.
A recent study suggests a link between genes linked with autism and higher intelligence in individuals who do not have the condition. Researchers found that carrying genetic traits associated with autism is, on average, linked to slightly better cognitive test scores, even in those without autism.
Researchers analyzed DNA from three enslaved Africans with highly degraded skeletal remains to uncover their origins. The study's findings demonstrate the potential for genomic data to identify ancient individuals' genetic ancestry, especially in cases where historical records are limited.
A recent study has found that mutations in the APC2 gene cause Sotos-like symptoms, including nervous system-related issues and abnormal brain structure. The research team also discovered that APC2 is a crucial downstream gene of the NSD1 gene, which is responsible for Sotos syndrome.
Breeding dogs solely based on DNA tests can increase inbreeding and reduce genetic diversity, experts warn. A combined approach of DNA analysis, health screening, and pedigree information is necessary to minimize inherited diseases and improve the health of pedigree lines.
The GeneSight test combines multiple gene variations to predict patient responses to medications, improving treatment outcomes and healthcare resource utilization. The study found that patients on red category medications showed significantly less improvement in depressive symptoms.
A large twin study suggests that genetic factors may explain the association between low back pain and depression. The study, published in PAIN, analyzed data from nearly 2,150 Spanish twins and found a significant link between symptoms of depression and low back pain.
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have created a detailed map of cortical cell types and the genes active within them using single-cell sequencing. They identified 47 different kinds of cells, including hitherto unknown types, which can help shed more light on diseases like multiple sclerosis.
A study has found that certain genetic variants in a baby's DNA may increase the risk of preterm birth. The researchers analyzed the DNA of hundreds of babies and their mothers, finding a link between duplicated or deleted genes in the babies and an increased risk of early birth.
A new software pipeline called Churchill can analyze human genomes in as little as 90 minutes, compared to weeks or years with existing technologies. This breakthrough enables rapid diagnosis of genetic diseases and scalable genomic analysis for population studies.
A large-scale analysis of the gut microbiome has identified significant variations in gene copy numbers across different strains of the same microbe species. These strain-level variations can affect the microbes' capabilities, lifestyle, and impact on human health, including obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers identified five genetic variants influencing brain structure size, particularly in regions associated with memory and movement. The study, the largest analysis of brain structure and genetics, aims to understand the causes of variation in human brain development and disease predisposition.
Researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of USC led a global consortium to identify eight common genetic mutations that appear to age the brain an average of three years. The discovery could lead to targeted therapies and interventions for Alzheimer's disease, autism, and other neurological conditions.
The university's forensic geneticist will use the grant to develop and improve 'DNA intelligence' tools that can predict eye, hair, or skin color from genetic material. This technology will aid investigators in identifying unknown suspects and solving cold cases.
A new gene, hexokinase 1 (HK1), has been linked to retinitis pigmentosa, an incurable eye disorder affecting millions worldwide. The discovery brings the total number of genes associated with this disease to over 60 and offers potential targets for drug treatments and gene therapy.
Researchers have discovered new genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to diabetes, suggesting a shared pathway between genes and environment. The study found similar epigenetic changes in fat cells of obese mice and humans, highlighting the consilience of genetics and environment.
A new study using DNA barcoding confirms that most Ginkgo biloba supplements contain the expected species, while others may be adulterated or contain incorrect materials. The research provides a validated method for supplement manufacturers to ensure quality control and may help consumers avoid toxic or ineffective products.
International research confirms King Richard III's identity to 99.999% accuracy using DNA and genealogical study. The study also reveals his likely appearance, including almost certainly blue eyes and probably blond hair, as seen in the Arched-Frame Portrait.
Scientists at Institute of Food Research developed a fast and cheap alternative to DNA testing for distinguishing horse meat from beef. The new method uses NMR spectroscopy to analyze the chemical composition of fat in meats, with results available in just ten minutes.
Researchers found that plasmid DNA attached to a rocket exterior survived suborbital spaceflight, re-entry, and landing conditions. The study showed that up to 53% of the DNA retained its full biological function, with 35% remaining functional after heating up to 1000°C.
Researchers used big data to identify crizotinib as a possible new coating for drug-eluting stents, which could reduce in-stent stenosis without affecting the endothelium. The study found that crizotinib reduced plaque buildup in blood vessels and prevented the narrowing of arteries after stenting.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center found that calorie-restricted diets slowed the normal rise and fall of genes linked to aging and memory formation in the brain. The study used female mice fed food pellets with 30% fewer calories than controls, and tissue analyses showed a significant impact on gene expression.
A study by Gregory Clark and Neil Cummins found that social status is consistently passed down among families over multiple generations, even more strongly than height. The researchers tracked social mobility from 1170 to 2012 using rare English surnames and found little change in social mobility since pre-industrial times.
Researchers found that males who consistently bully females tend to father more babies with their victims. Long-term aggression, particularly by high-ranking males, increased paternity success.
Researchers found that people with one inactive copy of the NPC1L1 gene had lower LDL cholesterol levels and a 50% reduced risk of coronary heart disease. The study suggests that targeting this gene may provide protection against heart attack, but further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
A new study using forensic DNA tests successfully identified the species of venomous snakes that bit people 100% of the time. The test has the potential to improve care for patients affected by deadly snakebites in countries where this is a major health risk.
Scientists discovered eight shared molecular pathways and several key driver genes in Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These findings suggest that treating the two conditions together could be effective, with potential therapeutic targets identified.
Researchers have discovered fungal genes associated with the devastating witches' broom disease of the chocolate tree. The study identified 1,967 unique genes and 8,617 fungal genes active in infected green brooms, providing a new basis for developing targeted treatments.
Researchers will develop algorithmic methods and models to aid in complex DNA mixture interpretation, including identifying multiple contributors and determining match strength. The goal is to achieve accurate and reliable methods for interpreting forensic data from physical evidence.
Scientists analyzed DNA from ancient European skulls and found that they were intolerant to lactose for 5,000 years after adopting agriculture. Major technological transitions in Central Europe were associated with changes in genetics of these populations.
Research at ASHG 2014 Annual Meeting uses genetic analysis to break down complex conditions like Type 2 Diabetes and obesity into their underlying metabolic proteins. This approach enables the development of new drugs that directly target these processes, with potential treatments on the horizon.
A new DNA isolation technique using MagnaCel paramagnetic cellulose particles has been shown to improve the quality and quantity of DNA extractions across a wide range of flowering plants. This method outperformed traditional techniques like CTAB and DNeasy, providing an average of twice the DNA yield and more consistent DNA purity.
A UCSF study found that educating pregnant women about their choices on prenatal genetic testing leads to a decrease in the number of tests. Women who received clear information and unbiased guidance were less likely to undergo diagnostic testing, scoring higher in knowledge of genetic testing.
Researchers are using multiparental populations to map complex trait genes in organisms such as mice, fruit flies, and maize. This approach enables the identification of specific gene regions associated with traits like nicotine resistance and toxicity of chemotherapy drugs.
Researchers have identified 5 genes differentially expressed in normal accompanying cells of colorectal tumors. These genes can be used to classify tumors and predict patient outcomes, enabling clinicians to make informed decisions about chemotherapy treatment.
A global study of 80,000 men with prostate cancer has identified another 23 prostate cancer risk loci, bringing the total to 100 genetic regions associated with the disease. The study found that these genetic variants explain 33% of familial risk and can be used to predict aggressive form of prostate cancer.
A study published in Nature Genetics has identified a genetic marker that increases the risk of pancreatitis in patients prescribed thiopurine drugs. Researchers found that 17% of patients with two copies of the marker are at high risk, four times more than those with one copy.
North Carolina State University researchers have identified candidate genes controlling the hypersensitive defense response in corn, a rapid localized cell death that limits pathogen spread. The findings could help build better defense responses in corn and other plants.
The BitSeq method has been found to produce clearly the most reliable results in measuring gene expression, outperforming other methods in accuracy and efficiency. The approach accounts for uncertainty and error in RNA-seq data, providing a more accurate representation of gene expression levels.
Researchers have identified chemical changes in DNA that could screen people for Crohn's disease and reveal possible targets for new treatments. These genetic changes can be detected in blood samples, opening the door to a simple test for the condition.
A recent study reveals that genetic selection has imprinted its signature on the genomes of poplars, a finding that could improve predictive climate change models and tree breeding programs. By analyzing over 1,100 wild poplar trees, researchers identified 397 genomic regions contributing to adaptive traits.
Researchers use simulation techniques to characterize the mechanisms of knot formation in DNA strands as a function of nano-channel diameter. Below 50 nanometers in diameter, knot formation decreases dramatically.
The OncoFinder algorithm reduces errors in transcriptome analysis by mapping gene expression onto signalling pathways, allowing for more effective evaluation and analysis. The method enables scientists to characterise functional states of transcriptomes more accurately, improving research and clinical applications.
A recent study found that flexible sigmoidoscopy screening significantly reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer by 20% and mortality rate by 27%, compared to no screening. The screening method was effective in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, regardless of age group.