Articles tagged with Genome Complexity
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of scientists has decoded hidden DNA variations that influence digestion, immune response, and muscle control. The study maps genomic variation across ancestries with a breadth and resolution never before achieved.
Researchers analyzed genomic data from over 2,700 Indians to reconstruct evolutionary history, revealing ancestry tied to Neolithic Iranian farmers, Eurasian Steppe pastoralists, and South Asian hunter-gatherers. The study highlights the impact of ancient migrations on genetic variation and disease susceptibility.
Researchers found evidence that introners, a type of selfish gene, are responsible for spreading genetic complexity across species. The study revealed eight instances of horizontal gene transfer between unrelated species, suggesting that introners may hitchhike on giant viruses to transfer between species.
Researchers discovered temperature influences plant cell fate by regulating epigenetic marks. Low ambient temperatures can rescue developmental defects by compensating for PRC2 loss, highlighting the importance of H3K27me3 in maintaining cellular identity.
Researchers used CRISPR interference to examine every gene in the human genome and discovered a new set of genes contributing to Parkinson's disease risk. The study identified the Commander complex, which regulates lysosomal function and is implicated in PD risk, offering opportunities for new treatments.
Cells dynamically adjust nuclear pore complexes like a retail store opening more checkout lines to regulate genome access. Research findings suggest that protein creation and disposal systems control the amount of NPCs in cells.
Scientists found that parts of human chromosomes have evolved rapidly to enable complex brain development in humans. However, this acceleration may also lead to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. The study used artificial neurons derived from human and chimpanzee cell lines.
Researchers describe the complex genome of the highly valued white oak (Quercus alba), providing insights into fundamental questions about plant evolution and tree breeding. The study sheds light on the evolutionary history of oaks, including the extent of genetic diversity and population differentiation.
Researchers at King's College London have developed a complex model of molecular 'wear-and-tear' that sheds light on how proteins age. The study found that chromatin, the DNA-protein mix, is more resilient to aging than previously thought, suggesting new avenues for anti-aging treatments.
Researchers have discovered a complex mechanism that allows bacteria to build resistance to antibiotics, involving a KorB-KorA regulatory system. This finding offers a fresh insight into long-range gene silencing in bacteria and provides a potential target for novel therapeutics.
A new study identifies loss-translocation-amplification chromothripsis as a key mechanism driving osteosarcoma tumour development and evolution. This discovery has significant implications for treatment options and patient outcomes, highlighting the importance of investing in studies exploring cancer mechanisms.
Researchers designed metallo-supramolecular complexes that selectively bind to MPXV mRNA G4, modulating A5L protein expression and immune response activation. These findings highlight the significance of G4s in viral immunodominant protein expression and offer potential avenues for developing antiviral therapeutics.
A new study reveals insights into leveraging allele dosages in sweetpotato breeding practices to improve key agricultural traits. Researchers found that differences in allele dosage significantly impact root weight, plant architecture, and flesh color.
The CRISPR tool was successfully used to correct a genetic defect in cells affected by chronic granulomatous disease. However, the repair process also introduced new genetic defects, highlighting the need for caution when using CRISPR technology in clinical settings.
Researchers discovered 'context-only' TFs that boost enhancer activity and contribute to regulatory factor clusters, which regulate genes effectively. This finding provides a new understanding of cooperative environments that TFs create to regulate genes in health and disease.
A comprehensive set of genomic resources for Tausch's goatgrass has been established, shedding light on the evolutionary genetics of wheat. Researchers identified a stem rust resistance gene and a leaf rust resistance gene, which will aid in breeding more resilient wheat varieties.
A study by Florida Atlantic University researchers has identified novel players in dopamine signaling using Caenorhabditis elegans. They found that mutations in the BBSome protein complex, which regulates transport and signaling in cells, can lead to rare genetic disorders like Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.
Researchers developed an AI model called GROVER that treats human DNA as a text, learning its rules and context to draw functional information about the DNA sequences. The tool has the potential to unlock the genetic code and advance personalized medicine.
Researchers have identified nearly 300 common and over 20 rare genetic variants as significant risk factors for schizophrenia. The study emphasizes the role of multiple genes rather than single-gene causation, revealing complexity in the mechanisms underlying the disorder.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that mammals with more developed brains tend to exhibit smaller sexual size dimorphism (SSD), meaning there is less difference in size between males and females. This suggests that complex brain development may be linked to other traits such as social behavior and mate selection.
Researchers at KAUST have developed NanoRanger, an accurate and rapid method for genetically diagnosing Mendelian genetic disorders. This breakthrough enables diagnosis in just 12 minutes, providing a detailed picture of the genomic disorder.
A landmark study has successfully decoded the complete ginseng genome, providing a detailed genetic map of Panax ginseng. The study highlights key evolutionary insights into its subgenomes governing saponin biosynthesis, crucial for the plant's medicinal properties.
Researchers found ancient giant viruses woven into single-celled organism's genetic code, sparking new understanding of virus-host interaction and potential evolutionary benefits.
Researchers analyzed genomic data and human travel patterns to understand the spread and evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study found that a pneumococcal vaccine reduced antibiotic resistance but allowed non-targeted strains to gain a competitive advantage, suggesting short-lived protection.
Researchers at PNRI reveal how specific DNA rearrangements called inverted triplications contribute to the development of various genetic diseases. These complex rearrangements are caused by segments of DNA switching templates during the repair process, leading to disruptions in normal gene function and contributing to genetic disorders.
A comprehensive genome assembly of pineapple mint has been completed, shedding light on its genetic diversity and terpenoid diversification. The study identifies key genetic variations affecting biosynthesis and highlights the unique composition of volatile compounds.
Researchers at Clemson University discovered that certain Neanderthal-derived genetic variations are more common in people with autism than in the general population. These findings suggest long-term effects of ancient human hybridization on brain organization and function, potentially leading to earlier diagnostics.
Researchers analyzed genome of Oikopleura dioica, finding it has wildly different languages despite identical physical characteristics. The 'scrambling' phenomenon suggests genes are regulated differently, challenging assumptions about species identity.
Researchers used advanced gene network analysis to decode Campylobacter jejuni's complex genetic network and understand its role in antimicrobial resistance. The study identified hub genes and functional relationships that could serve as potential drug targets for combating antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni infections.
The new 'scLENS' tool overcomes challenges in single-cell transcriptomics by automatically differentiating signals from noise using Random Matrix Theory and Signal robustness test. This innovation significantly improves analysis accuracy and efficiency, enabling researchers to extract biological signals conveniently and automatically.
Researchers identified alterations in the monkeypox virus genome that correlate with increased transmissibility, shedding light on the 2022 outbreak. The study's findings may help develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
A new study reveals that honey bees are exposed to an average of 23 stressors at once, creating 307 interactions that impact bee health. The researchers found that social media influencers – viruses and pesticides – have a significant impact on the architecture of the complex network.
A genomic study has revealed the unimaginable diversity of human and nonhuman primate centromeres, highlighting their speed of evolutionary change. Centromeres differ vastly in size, structure, and epigenetic makeup, with unique sequences and organization emerging from different evolutionary forces.
Researchers discover a critical protein complex called 55LCC that regulates protein stability during DNA replication, advancing understanding of genetic diseases and potential treatments for neurologic disorders. The study's findings suggest 55LCC plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth DNA replication progress.
Scientists discovered a shift in gene regulation by enhancers during embryonic development, showing both 'instructive' and 'permissive' modes of regulation. The study found that developmental stage determines which mode is dominant, allowing for rapid gene expression changes and tissue-specific control systems.
A new perspective article suggests that integrating environmental effects into genetic research is crucial to understand the intricate nature of gene-environment interactions. The authors propose expanding genome-wide association studies by incorporating environmental data, which could help mitigate deterministic thinking in genetics.
A new study found that the link between paternal age and rare congenital disorders is more complex than previously thought. Researchers discovered that while older fathers are more likely to have children with certain bone and heart malformations, some genetic mutations associated with these conditions do not increase with paternal age.
Researchers developed novel genomic tools to analyze massive wheat genome data, unlocking insights into genetic variations and gene functions. The tools provide a platform for breeding superior wheat varieties with increased food demand under changing climate conditions.
Researchers discovered that PDS5A modifies DNA loops without affecting histone modifications, enabling the study of loop-mediated gene silencing. The loss of PDS5A disrupted genome organization, leading to aberrant gene activation and potentially driving diseases like cancer and developmental disorders.
Researchers have developed a novel tool for the selective and efficient recovery of large DNA molecules using TAR cloning. This technique has been applied to isolate individual gene alleles, study genome architecture and evolution, and engineer synthetic viruses with novel properties, including vaccine development.
A new study has identified three genes, MANBA, TNFRSF13B, and EEF1A1, as crucial in the regulation of IgG galactosylation, a trait associated with ageing. The research used GWAS to analyze IgG glycosylation phenotypes in a large sample size, increasing the understanding of this complex posttranslational modification.
Researchers discovered a trio of protein segments guiding chromosomal interactions in nematodes, shedding light on the complex process. The study, published in PNAS, provides new insights into meiosis and infertility, with implications for human reproductive health.
Researchers uncover intricate interplay between enhancers and silencers influenced by DNA methylation, providing crucial insights into dynamic gene control. High-resolution mapping reveals how genes are controlled and modified, paving the way for precision medicine tailored to individual patients.
A new MIT study proposes a theoretical model that helps explain how cells maintain the memory of their cell type despite losing chemical modifications during DNA replication. The research team suggests that the 3D folding pattern of the genome determines which parts will be marked by these chemical modifications.
Researchers studied the transformation of beetle-mimic cockroaches that give birth to live young, discovering similar changes in human pregnancy and immune systems. The study sheds light on the link between the immune system and pregnancy, with potential implications for treating fibromyalgia and autoimmune disorders.
Researchers analyzed over 2 million cells from 400 postmortem brain samples to identify cellular pathways that could become new drug targets for Alzheimer's treatments. They found impairments in mitochondrial function, synaptic signaling, and protein complexes, as well as disrupted lipid metabolism.
Researchers at KAUST discovered that certain combinations of stressors increase gene-transfer rates, while others reduce it. They found synergistic effects from combining stressors like UV light and disinfection chemical byproducts, as well as antagonistic effects from chloroform.
The team successfully completed the sequencing of the Y chromosome using long-read sequencing technology and innovative computational assembly methods. This achievement adds 41 additional protein-coding genes and provides crucial insight into reproduction, evolution, and population change.
The study reveals extensive genome size variation among closely related algal strains, with a more than twofold range of approximately 450-1,100 megabases. Genome-wide copy number variation, rather than duplication or proliferation, drives this dynamics, suggesting rapid changes in genome size through frequent duplications and deletions.
A recent study discovered the complex circadian clock mechanisms in soil bacteria Bacillus subtilis, regulating multiple genes and behaviors. The findings have significant implications for industrial applications, human health, and plant science.
Scientists have discovered that genes required for complex behaviors like learning, memory, and aggression originated around 650 million years ago. This finding has significant implications for understanding the evolutionary origin of these behaviors and their neural circuits.
Professor Coppedè's appointment aims to enhance the journal's focus on cutting-edge genomics research, covering topics like genome sequencing and functional genomics. He will lead Current Genomics to greater success by staying at the forefront of genomics discoveries and advancements.
Research by Professor Björn Schumacher investigates the role of male germ cells in genetic mutations. The study suggests that paternal DNA damage can lead to faulty repairs in the genome, resulting in structural variants.
A team of researchers at Indiana University created a synthetic cell with only 493 genes, essential for life. The cell evolved rapidly over 300 days, adapting to its environment and recovering fitness lost due to genome streamlining.
Researchers developed Genome Architecture Mapping (GAM) to study DNA interactions, revealing novel three-dimensional configurations that were invisible to Hi-C. This technique provides a more comprehensive understanding of genome organization and its impact on health and disease.
Researchers investigated factors influencing horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria, finding that divergence and protein connectivity interact to limit its success. The study supports the Complexity Hypothesis, suggesting that newly transferred genes struggle to engage in normal protein-protein interactions.
A new study maps French Canadian populations using a unique dataset of over five million records spanning 400 years, revealing the complex relationship between human migration and genetic variation. The research shows that the genetic structure of French Canadians is encoded within its genealogy.
The human pangenome reference combines genetic material from 47 individuals, enabling a deeper and more accurate understanding of worldwide genomic diversity. This improves the detection of variants in the human genome, particularly structural variants that can have important health implications.
The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium expands and updates the human genome project with nearly full genomic data from 47 people of diverse ancestry. Researchers at UW Medicine made significant contributions to drafting the pangenome reference and studying variation within repetitive DNA, which could improve equity in human genome re...
The giant faba bean genome has been successfully sequenced, offering insights into its traits such as drought tolerance and protein content. This breakthrough has the potential to improve crop yields and reduce reliance on artificial fertilizers, making faba bean a more attractive crop for sustainable agriculture.