Articles tagged with Genome Complexity
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discover a shared genetic basis between fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), with males more likely to develop AAA when a family member has FMD. The study suggests that screening for AAA in male relatives of patients with FMD may be beneficial, along with established guidelines.
A new study led by UCSC scientists suggests that introners are the source of most introns across species, providing a plausible explanation for their vast majority. The researchers found evidence of introners in 5.2% of surveyed eukaryotic species and suggest they may be a fundamental mechanism driving genomic complexity.
UVA researchers developed a new tool to analyze genetic data, reducing noise and bias in cancer diagnosis. The tool uses mathematical modeling to identify patterns in chromatin, helping scientists detect tiny numbers of disease cells.
A new study by UCL researchers found that tailoring whole genome sequencing analysis to individual patients can double the diagnostic rates of rare diseases. The personalised approach increased the diagnostic rate from 16.7% to 31.4%, detecting potential disease-causing variants in a further 3.9% of patients.
Researchers used DNA from two ancient human individuals to unravel the deep demographic history of South America, providing new genetic evidence supporting existing archaeological data. They also discovered migrations along the Atlantic coast for the first time and found evidence of Neanderthal ancestry within ancient genomes.
Researchers used machine learning to predict sugarcane yield based on DNA. The technique improved accuracy by over 50% compared to traditional breeding methods.
The study reveals how the activating partner PI5P interacts with two different regions of regulatory protein UHRF1, showing its role in modulating complex proteins. This finding could breathe new life into the search for UHRF1-directed medicines.
The use of Frictionless Data enhances both machine readability and human engagement with scientific outputs, turning articles into dynamic entities. Interactive figures enable readers to directly interact with data points, making the publication process more efficient and reproducible.
Researchers fill in gaps in Human Reference Genome, discovering repetitive sections are a major source of human variation and genetic diversity. The Telomere-2-Telomere project reveals complex architectural features with significant consequences for understanding human evolution and biological function.
Researchers used the history of microchip development to predict advancements in synthetic biology, citing potential for exponential growth in transistors on a single computer chip. The study suggests that synthesizing an artificial human genome could cost approximately $1 million and simpler applications like custom bacteria could be ...
Researchers developed an integrated framework combining single-cell and metagenomics to characterize microbes. The approach showed higher accuracy and precise binning, revealing more bacterial genera and intra-species diversity.
Researchers found Philippine Negrito ethnic group, Ayta Magbukon, possess the highest level of Denisovan ancestry in the world. Their Denisovan DNA is up to 46% greater than that of Australians and Papuans.
Researchers at the John Innes Centre identified a key gene controlling grain elongation and glume characteristics in Polish wheat, which could lead to improved productivity and sustainability in wheat production. The discovery highlights the importance of understanding genetic control of agronomic traits for major crops like wheat.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have successfully applied CRISPR to increase corn kernel numbers by targeting promoter regions that regulate gene activity. This technique holds promise for increasing crop yields per acre and making agriculture more sustainable.
Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute discovered how an abnormal protein misdirects gene expression in cells, contributing to the growth of sarcoma tumors. The researchers found that a small segment of the SS18-SSX fusion protein binds to nucleosomes, leading to aberrant activation of genes.
A research team has sequenced the genome of Dysdera silvatica, an endemic species in the Canary Islands, providing valuable information on its genetic basis and trophic specialization. The study reveals a high complexity genome with repetitive elements and identifies 36,000 protein-coding genes.
Brazilian researchers developed a software program called Polyploid Gene Assembler (PGA) to map specific portions of plant DNA, saving at least two orders of magnitude compared to mapping the whole genome. The technique uses publicly available data from related grasses to locate genes of interest for plant breeders.
The study provides a detailed understanding of the peanut plant's genomic history and the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth and development. Researchers have identified potential leads for improving crop resilience to diseases and pests, including geographic origin information and DNA swapping patterns.
Leading scientists propose guidelines for shared standardized validation of 4D nucleome data sets and models to address rapid development of methods and increasing complexity of data. The initiative aims to ensure proper characterization, validation, and sharing of information, enhancing our understanding of genome dynamics.
The sugarcane genome has been sequenced using a novel method that leverages colinearity with the sorghum genome, enabling molecular screening techniques for breeding and biomass production. The reference sequence obtained is of high quality, revolutionizing genomic and genetic approaches for sugarcane species.
Two independent studies found that mistletoe lacks key components of the cellular machinery to convert glucose into ATP. This loss is associated with a remodeled respiratory chain and reduced ATP generation by mitochondria.
Researchers will focus on controlling phenolics, compounds that protect plants from pathogens and adapt to environmental changes. The project aims to decipher the genetic secrets of corn's complex genome, expected to consist of 50,000 genes.
Researchers at UCI applied new methods to analyze complex mutations in the fruit fly genome, revealing extensive genetic variation previously undetected. The study's findings suggest that human genomes may harbor even more medically and agriculturally important genetic variation.
Researchers have successfully decoded the complex genome of finger millet, a staple food in India and Africa, revealing over 62,300 genes. The new data holds promise for improving crop resilience to drought and enhancing nutritional content, addressing food security concerns globally.
Scientists have created the most accurate navigation system for the bread wheat genome, allowing researchers to analyze its genes more easily than ever before. The system includes detailed annotation of over 100,000 wheat genes, revealing previously hidden genes and improving crop yields.
Researchers at the Earlham Institute have developed a new method for improving wheat crop yield quality using bioinformatics tools. The w2rap pipeline enables robust and efficient genome assembly, which will aid in precision breeding and increase global food security.
Scientists have assembled the gorilla genome using PacBio's long-read SMRT sequencing, achieving a 150-fold improvement over previous assemblies. The new assembly recovers nearly all missing sequence and provides additional euchromatic sequence, enabling researchers to study biological mechanisms and traits.
Researchers discovered that genetic variation impacts multiple, separated gene regulatory elements simultaneously, revealing a harmonized and synergistic behavior. This study sheds light on fundamental aspects of genome biology and its role in complex diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
Researchers have developed a new approach to build nearly complete genomes by combining high-throughput DNA sequencing with genome mapping. The methodology enabled the detection of complex forms of genomic variation, critically important for their association with human disease.
A groundbreaking achievement has deciphered the genetic makeup of Upland cotton, a crucial step toward developing superior lines with advanced fiber elongation and strength. The research also sheds light on polyploidy genetics and its significance in crop plants.
Researchers developed a strategy to identify and genotype SNPs in complex cotton genomes using genotyping-by-sequencing. The approach employs Stacks software to enrich for orthologous DNA fragments, allowing for detection of polymorphisms between individuals.
Researchers discovered that a single-celled organism, Oxytricha trifallax, can break its DNA into nearly quarter-million pieces and reassemble them in 60 hours for mating. This ability highlights the complexity of life on Earth, with intricate mechanisms to reconstruct chromosomes.
Researchers have revealed the structure of the Cas9 complex, a key part of the CRISPR-Cas system used for genome editing. The study provides a detailed picture of the complex, enabling researchers to refine and engineer the tool to accelerate genomic research and bring it closer to treating human genetic disease.
The Human Microbiome Project is a major scientific effort to study the microbial communities within humans, with potential insights into diseases and disorders. The study, published in The FASEB Journal, provides a comprehensive reference set of microbiome specimens and lays a foundation for future research.
Researchers at Kansas State University have developed a new method for prioritizing genes in plant genomes, which has been shown to improve the likelihood of finding critical genes controlling traits such as drought tolerance and grain yield. By applying genetic-analysis methods used to study humans, scientists were able to identify a ...
Scientists have unlocked key components of the genetic code of bread wheat, providing a strong foundation for accelerating wheat improvement through advanced molecular breeding and genetic engineering. The analysis enables breeders to select plants with desirable combinations of genes using genetic landmarks in the wheat genome.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool have deciphered the genetic code of wheat, enabling breeders to produce varieties with disease resistance and drought tolerance. The team's breakthrough analysis of over 90,000 genes will help farmers adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Researchers have identified over 700 novel proteins in the herpesvirus genome, many of which are surprisingly small and complex. This discovery provides new insights into the biology of the herpesvirus and highlights the importance of analyzing the products actually produced from the genome.
New DNA sequencing techniques enable plant scientists to analyze complex genomes, revealing new insights into plant diversity and evolutionary history. Targeted enrichment methods facilitate the study of specific genes and regions, accelerating discovery in crop production, ecosystem health, and understanding plant diversity.
The University of Illinois has sequenced the genome of the woodland strawberry, a close relative of the apple, to aid in researching complex fruits. This will help improve strawberry quality and characteristics, as well as enhance the development of desirable traits in apples.
A WSU study aims to uncover the role of RNAi in X chromosome recognition, which could improve our understanding of gene regulation in humans and lead to new medical interventions for diseases like cancer and developmental abnormalities.
The complete genome sequence of Brachypodium distachyon has been analyzed, providing insights into how grass genomes evolve and expand. The compact genome is being used to navigate the larger and more complex genomes of wheat and barley.
The analysis of Trichoplax adhaerens' genome sheds light on the ancestral relationship between placozoans and other animals, revealing a complex suite of genes and signaling pathways. The findings also suggest that placozoans may have played a more significant role in animal evolution than previously thought.
Biologists at Georgia Tech found a strong negative linear relationship between genome size and effective population size in 1,043 species of fish. This suggests that larger genomes may evolve due to reduced genetic variation, not as an adaptation.
The FANTOM consortium's findings provide a major step towards identifying all protein building blocks, using multiple mechanisms to produce different forms of proteins in mammals. The research also explores the importance of non-coding RNA in development and evolution, revealing why complex organisms evolved beyond simple genes.
The mouse genome is more complex than expected, with over 60% of mRNAs not encoding proteins. The discovery challenges the traditional view that genes contain specific protein blueprints.
Two UCSD scientists, Bing Ren and Xiang-Dong Fu, receive NIH funding to investigate the human genome. Their projects aim to develop new technologies for mapping transcriptional regulatory elements and identifying functional DNA elements.
Scientists have embarked on a collaborative effort to sequence the Fugu fish genome, offering valuable insights for identifying genes in the human genome. The project aims to utilize the Fugu genome's compact size and minimal 'junk DNA' to facilitate gene discovery.
The Drosophila genome sequence has been completed, providing valuable insights into human diseases and animal development. The sequence data reveals homologues for 60% of known genetic flaws causing disease in humans and 70% of genes involved in human cancers.