Articles tagged with Gene Regulation
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A recent ant study discovered three new copies of egg yolk protein Vitellogenin, which play distinct roles in regulating ant societies. The findings suggest that patterns underlying caste differences are not easily generalized across social insects.
A team of scientists at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München has identified a new genetic switching element responsible for converting pluripotent stem cells into differentiated cell types. The discovery reveals that specific proteins recognize hydroxymethyluracil, a modified DNA base, to regulate gene activity in stem cells.
A new study found that PMS before menopause is linked to a poorer quality of life after menopause, particularly with depression, poor sleep, and memory problems.
Researchers found that miRNA-9 binds to and potentially reduces the activity of oligodendrocyte lineage gene 1 during hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This regulatory mechanism may play a role in myelin repair and neurological disorder development.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University pinpoint a genetic regulator, p53 and MicroRNA34, as the cause of phocomelia syndrome in mice. The study provides new insights into the mechanisms of teratogens and may lead to better understanding of toxin-induced birth defects.
A new study found that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients have altered microRNA expression linked to chronic inflammation. The study suggests trauma may cause changes in microRNA, promoting inflammation and contributing to secondary medical conditions.
Researchers identified genes whose activity changed uniquely in modern humans during evolution, including those linked to Alzheimer's disease, autism, and schizophrenia. Epigenetic changes in the brain and immune systems distinguished us from Neanderthals and Denisovans.
Researchers identified highly conserved non-coding sequences in plant genomes, associated with basic biological processes like development and gene regulation. These findings suggest that non-coding DNA can have important functions beyond protein encoding.
Researchers have mapped the human genome's regulatory network, identifying promoters and enhancers that control gene expression in different cell types. This breakthrough provides insights into human evolution and the diversity of cell types, paving the way for new technologies and applications.
Researchers used a rat genomic gene-chip to profile hippocampal gene expression changes after electroacupuncture therapy. The results showed that electroacupuncture regulates the expression of specific genes involved in depression, including Vgf and Igf2. These findings suggest that electroacupuncture may be a useful treatment for depr...
Researchers used Drosophila flies to unravel the signalling mechanism involved in cell movement regulation. A new molecular component controls FGF expression, which is crucial for processes like embryonic development, wound healing and tumour invasion.
Scientists from Indiana University have described the transcriptome of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in unprecedented detail, revealing a far more complex genome than previously suspected. The study identifies thousands of new genes, transcripts, and proteins, shedding light on human biology and disease.
A study published in PLOS Genetics identified specific small segments of RNA that are highly expressed in Huntington's disease and may act as a mitigating factor, making them potential therapeutic targets. The researchers found that these microRNAs are present in higher quantities in patients with HD and may promote cell survival.
Researchers at Uppsala University have challenged the established model for gene regulation by directly measuring transcription factor concentrations in living cells. They found small but significant differences between measurements, opening up new possibilities for understanding gene regulation.
A study by Byoung-il Bae and colleagues found that a specific gene mutation affects the development of cortical convolutions in the human brain. The researchers discovered that the mutation impacts the production of neuroprogenitor cells around the Sylvian fissure, leading to thinner and more convoluted folds.
Researchers identified a protein that broadly regulates mRNA editing, enabling the creation of multiple proteins from a limited number of genes. This discovery may help understand genetic mechanisms of diseases and identify new therapeutic targets.
A study by Whitehead Institute researchers found that poly(A)-tail length does not impact translation efficiency in cells matured beyond gastrulation stage. This discovery may challenge existing mechanisms of gene regulation involving the poly(A) tail.
Dr. Jeffrey Chuang has been awarded a two-year grant to investigate how RNA interacts with proteins to change gene expression in human diseases such as cancer and muscular dystrophy. His research aims to decipher the root causes of these diseases using new mathematical and computational approaches.
Researchers found that ANP32E strips histone H2A.Z from DNA, altering gene expression and leading to improper chromatin structure in cells lacking the protein. This discovery could reveal novel therapeutic strategies for diseases and cancers.
Gary Ruvkun, PhD, and Victor Ambros, PhD, discovered that microRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to messenger RNAs, controlling protein-coding genes in animals. The researchers' work is recognized as a significant contribution to understanding the human genome and its role in disease.
A recent study has made significant progress in understanding the role of DNA in predisposing individuals to diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The research integrated computational methodology with experimentation to identify genetic variants that promote disease by interfering with gene regulation and altering fat cell function.
Researchers discovered that mice without the Y6 gene receptor were smaller and had less lean tissue, but grew fatter as they aged on high-fat diets. The study highlights the importance of the Y6 receptor system in regulating energy use at different times of the day.
A study published in Molecular Neurobiology found that sodium butyrate reduces survival of cultured medulloblastoma cells and enhances expression of markers for a mature neuronal phenotype. This suggests the compound may promote cell death and favor maturation towards less malignant-prone phenotypes.
Researchers have identified a clearance system that recognizes and breaks down the oncogenic KRas protein, leading to its degradation. This discovery provides a new avenue for developing targeted therapies for cancer types with KRas mutations.
A new study reveals specific molecular changes in the body following mindfulness meditation, including altered levels of gene-regulating machinery and reduced pro-inflammatory genes. The findings provide a possible biological mechanism for therapeutic effects and suggest that meditation can lead to epigenetic alterations of the genome.
A new method combines high-throughput DNA sequencing and computer analysis to produce reliable maps describing contacts between genes along individual chromosomes. The results suggest that the arrangement of genes on chromosomes is modular and based on their functions, with active genes exposed at chromosome boundaries.
A new method enables more accurate prediction of how ribonucleic acid molecules (RNAs) fold within living cells, shedding light on how plants respond to environmental conditions. The tool has implications for human health, such as understanding the effects of infection-induced fever on RNA structures.
Researchers identified a gene that plays a fundamental role in regulating body weight and nutritional status. The study found that loss of the gene's function leads to morbid obesity in both humans and mice, providing new insights into pathways controlling body weight and insulin sensitivity.
Bacteria and other organisms use proteins to quickly adapt to changing environments by regulating gene expression. A new study reveals how transcription factors bind to DNA and glide along the spiral path in search of binding sites.
Researchers discovered how Brachyury regulates the timing of gene expression in the notochord, a precursor to the backbone, and found that certain mutations can delay or alter this process, potentially leading to birth defects and cancer. The study sheds light on a crucial regulatory mechanism in embryonic development.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab identified thousands of enhancer sequences involved in craniofacial development, which regulate genes to fine-tune facial morphology. The study provides insights into the genetic drivers of normal craniofacial variation and may lead to better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for birth defects.
Acute dendritic cell leukaemia has a poor prognosis due to its rarity and difficulty in treatment. Researchers sequenced the exome of three patients and found mutations in epigenetic genes, which could lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Researchers discovered that sleep loss affects specific genes involved in the regulation of the immune system, triggering an inflammatory response. This link was confirmed in a population study, suggesting that chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases.
Researchers discovered that DNA changes the form and activity of transcription factors, such as the glucocorticoid receptor, allowing for precise control over gene expression. This adaptation enables genes to be transcribed to varying degrees.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have discovered that mRNA expression levels do not always reflect differences in protein expression between humans and chimpanzees. This finding suggests that protein expression levels may evolve under greater evolutionary constraint, potentially due to a yet-uncharacterized compensation mechanism.
A study using Arabidopsis model found that 80% of metabolites were directly affected by organellar genes, which regulate energy production and sugar synthesis in cells. The discovery may have implications for future treatments for inherited diseases in humans, including in vitro fertilization therapies.
A new computational tool called ExpressionBlast enables searches based on experimental values, revealing links between diseases and treatments. Researchers used the tool to uncover clues about SIRT6, a potentially important drug target involved in immune response, metabolism, and gender-specific gene regulation.
A newly discovered role for a protein family could provide a path to modifying crop traits. The discovery reveals that this protein regulates gene expression in response to light color changes, potentially allowing for new approaches to trait modification in agriculturally significant plant species.
Researchers watched genes move together in response to environmental changes, a discovery that could improve understanding of gene expression and its impact on nature. The technique allows scientists to monitor a gene in whole, living organisms, opening up new avenues for research.
The study reveals that the protein complex Mll2 is responsible for implementing activating histone marks on 'poised' genes, but its loss has little effect on developmental gene activation during differentiation. This suggests a more complex understanding of histone modification patterns in embryonic and cancer cells.
A study of gene expression in five closely related mouse species reveals the first steps of evolution in gene regulation. The research found that transcription-factor binding variation is an important indicator of gene-regulation activity.
A single gene, called Shell, has been identified in the oil palm tree that controls its yield. The discovery allows breeders to boost palm oil yields by nearly one-third, providing a promising solution for agriculture and environmental concerns.
The newly found CLAMP protein plays a crucial role in regulating the X chromosome in male fruit flies, enabling them to develop and survive. By working together with the MSL complex, CLAMP creates a self-reinforcing feedback loop that enhances gene expression, providing a model for understanding how proteins govern gene transcription.
A study reveals that the acetylcholine-activated inward-rectifying potassium current (IKACh) plays a critical role in regulating cardiac pacemaker activity and heart rate. The research found that mice lacking IKACh displayed a moderate increase in resting heart rate and delayed recovery after stress or exercise.
A team of researchers has created the first-ever compendium of RNA-binding sequences, which will become a valuable resource for researchers studying human genetics. The study reveals similarities between humans and fruit flies in terms of binding sequences, suggesting that many proteins bind to similar sequences across species.
Researchers discovered how lncRNAs use positional information to locate and bind to nearby genes, forming a compartment where multiple genes can be regulated together. This unique mechanism allows lncRNAs to organize key proteins involved in gene expression.
Valerie Hu's study reveals RORA regulates more than 2,500 genes, many involved in neuronal development and functions. The gene's expression is reduced in RORA-deficient brain tissues from individuals with autism.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have made a groundbreaking discovery into the regulation of a key cancer drug target. The study, funded by £2.4 million from the Wellcome Trust, reveals that signalling molecules called inositol phosphates play a crucial role in controlling gene expression.
Researchers at Arizona State University have made significant progress in understanding cell fate determination, a process that governs how cells develop and transition. By using mathematical modeling and synthetic biology techniques, they created artificial gene networks and observed the behavior of cells as they approached their tipp...
A Cornell University study provides evidence for the 40-year-old hypothesis that regulation of genes must play an important role in evolution. The researchers found that transcription factor binding sites show considerable amounts of positive selection, suggesting adaptation in these regulatory elements.
Berkeley Lab researchers found that most bacterial genes are regulated by signals unrelated to their function, leading to maladaptive regulation in laboratory settings. Only a small percentage of genes showed adaptive regulation, suggesting that natural responses may not fit the classical all-benefit-and-no-cost model.
Researchers found that HDAC3 is essential for DNA replication in hematopoietic progenitor cells and plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by binding to the cellular protein FCγRIIb, which activates cell stress and death pathways. The study also identified a link between FCγRIIb and memory impairment in AD patients.
Scientists discovered that a molecule called BRD4 recognizes a specific amino acid on NF-kappa B and activates it, preventing its degradation in cancer cells. This interaction is critical in the development of cancer, and blocking it may lead to new cancer treatments.
Researchers identified a case of spatial and temporal conflict in regulating the ventral neurons defective gene, which must be precisely regulated for proper nervous system specification. The study shows that an additional input from a complementary gradient of the Dpp morphogen solves conflicting temporal and spatial responses.
A large research team elucidated how precise chemical modifications across the genome turn genes on and off during early human development. The study found that master genes governing development are silenced by histone methylation, while genes orchestrating cellular differentiation are primarily silenced by DNA methylation.
Researchers discovered that combining a few microRNAs enhances anti-breast cancer activity without the unwanted side effects of amplifying a single microRNA. This technique targets tumor-specific genes while sparing healthy tissue.
Mutations in lamin genes cause hereditary diseases like Emery-Dreifuss Muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy by altering nuclear structure and gene expression. Restoring MKL1 activity may be a productive intervention mechanism for these devastating diseases.
The Hospital for Special Surgery will establish a genomics center to study rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus using genomic approaches, aiming to develop more effective therapies. The center will focus on epigenetic therapy and personalized medicine, analyzing gene expression and environmental influences.
Researchers at Mount Sinai identify 14 genetic targets associated with heart rate, which could lead to new drugs for treating cardiovascular disease. The study's findings also shed light on the genetic regulation of heartbeats and cardiac conduction disorders.
A groundbreaking study by Mügen Terzioglu and colleagues challenges long-held ideas about the protein MTERF1's importance in mitochondrial transcription and translation. The findings, published in Cell Metabolism, demonstrate that MTERF1 is not as crucial to mitochondrial function as previously thought.