Articles tagged with Chemical Analysis
Scientists have found polyene pigments in fossilized snail shells that are 12 million years old, providing the world's first evidence of intact pigments in fossils. The discovery was made possible by analyzing the pigments using Raman spectroscopy and sheds new light on the chemical composition of ancient organisms.
New Jersey Institute of Technology chemists have developed a lab-based method to detect traces of PFAS from food packaging material, water, and soil samples in just three minutes or less. The approach, involving paper spray mass spectrometry, is 10-100 times more sensitive than current standard techniques for PFAS testing.
A global ocean of liquid water has been found beneath Mimas' icy shell, with an estimated age of 5-15 million years, suggesting recent ocean formation and potential for life to emerge. This discovery adds Mimas to the list of moons with internal oceans, including Enceladus and Europa.
Researchers at BESSY II used RIXS and DFT simulations to analyze the electronic structures of fumarate, maleate, and succinate dianions. The study found that maleate is potentially less stable than fumarate and succinate due to its delocalized HOMO orbital, which can lead to weaker binding with molecules or ions.
Researchers successfully improved lithium metal battery charging rates by adding a cesium nitrate compound, while maintaining long cycle life. The new findings challenge conventional beliefs about effective interphase components and contribute to the development of high-energy density batteries.
Researchers developed a novel deep learning method to study crystal structure and molecular interactions of perchlorate salts. The analysis revealed that the explosives' nature is linked to chemical bonding and intermolecular interactions.
Researchers have uncovered evidence of complex microbial communities existing in ecosystems over 3 billion years ago, with a diverse carbon cycle involving various microorganisms. The study provides a rare glimpse into the Earth's early ecosystems and advances our understanding of ancient microbial ecosystems.
A team of researchers found no biological matter in the brown layers, reducing the probability of a biological organism being responsible. The discovery also suggests that ancient paints were unlikely to have been used to preserve the marble surface.
High levels of copper linked to poorer patient outcomes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients, according to NIH-funded University of Cincinnati Cancer Center research. The study aims to identify copper's mechanisms and test potential new treatments for ccRCC.
Researchers have created a prototype model that detects 'forever chemicals' in water using a luminescent metal complex attached to a sensor surface. The approach can detect 220 micrograms of PFAS per liter of water, but needs to be more sensitive to detect nanogram levels for drinking water.
Focused ion beam technology has numerous applications in material processing, microelectronics, and life sciences. The instrument uses a finely focused ion beam for nanoscale analysis, prototype creation, and material modification.
MIT researchers successfully produced a miniaturized quadrupole filter using additive manufacturing, achieving precision comparable to commercial-grade filters at a fraction of the cost and weight. This breakthrough enables the development of portable mass spectrometers for rapid chemical analysis in remote settings.
A new method for desalinating seawater using hydrate-based desalination technology has been developed, offering a low-energy solution for producing freshwater. The research team calculated optimal temperatures for enhanced efficiency, with maximum water yields reaching up to 67% in certain brine concentrations.
Researchers have identified promising treatment candidates for morphine tolerance and cancer, as well as a biomarker for kidney injury. A monoclonal antibody targeting the mu-opioid receptor has been shown to alleviate morphine tolerance and physical dependence, while inducing excessive mitochondrial fission in tumor cells. Additionall...
Researchers analyzed dolomite rocks and found a high proportion of C-13, indicating strong methane formation by microorganisms in water with low sulphate content. The sediment's chemical development is controlled by crater floor cooling and water supply, not climatic changes.
The study shows that PFAS-treated gear repels water but not oil or hydraulic fluid, posing a flammability hazard to firefighters. The research also reveals that PFAS-free gear performs similarly in terms of strength, but loses its oil-repelling properties after aging tests.
A study by UNICAMP researchers found high concentrations of contaminants in the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí River Basin, including PFAS compounds, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. The study highlights the severity of pollution in the region, which supplies water for drinking, irrigation, and industry.
A clay mineral called smectite, formed through plate tectonics, efficiently traps organic carbon and could help buffer global warming. Smectite's accordion-textured folds effectively trap dead organisms, preventing them from being consumed by microbes.
A University of Alaska Fairbanks team is exploring whether seaweeds can absorb rare-earth elements, with the goal of expanding the US supply and finding a low-impact alternative to mining. The project aims to determine if seaweeds can accumulate metals in concentrations that make financial recovery viable.
Researchers separate out microbial and environmental controls on marine sedimentary pyrite sulfur isotope ratios, revealing local processes that dominate the record. This breakthrough refutes previous hypotheses and offers a new framework for interpreting ancient signals.
Researchers have developed a handheld device called MicroNIR that can accurately identify and quantify suspected drug specimens. The device has been shown to be highly accurate, correctly predicting the identity of suspected drugs over 95% of the time.
Researchers identified a promising dual-purpose target, KDM1A, using AI analysis of transcriptomic data from 16,740 healthy samples and 11,303 tumors. KDM1A was found to significantly extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans and has anti-cancer activities established in preclinical and clinical studies.
Researchers have summarized recent advances in enzyme-activated near-infrared fluorescent probes for non-invasive visualization of enzyme dynamics and disease status. These probes offer high specificity, sensitivity, and biocompatibility, making them valuable assets in biomedical research and healthcare.
Research by Dominik Stolzenburg reveals that aerosols from volatile organic substances can cluster together to form condensation nuclei for water vapor. This process affects cloud density and global warming, potentially offsetting the effect of CO2 increases on climate change.
Patients with post–COVID-19 chemosensory alterations experience improved recovery of smell function over a 3-year period. Taste dysfunction shows lower frequency and faster recovery compared to smell dysfunction.
The Beckman Institute's new Electrolab robot automates electrochemical experiments and data analysis, reducing manual effort and time for researchers. The instrument can explore alternative power sources and analyze chemical reactions to combat climate change.
Producing new plastic via advanced recycling of post-use plastic reduces GHG emissions by 18-23% and fossil energy use by 65-70%. The study analyzed 2017-2021 data from eight companies and found a further 40-50% reduction when factoring in current end-of-life practices.
New study analyzes 'Mona Lisa' and 'Last Supper' paintings, finding rare plumbonacrite compound and lead oxide in ground layers. These discoveries suggest Da Vinci experimented with toxic materials on his palette.
Researchers identified abnormal keratin expression patterns in senescent ocular surface cells, which may contribute to severe ocular surface diseases. Gene expression profiles showed substantial differences between senescent and non-senescent cells, highlighting their potential role in pathology.
Researchers propose analysis protocol to evaluate feasibility of silicon-containing batteries with reduced particle size and uniform dispersion. The study finds promising results from innovative synthesis technology and initial efficiencies exceeding 90% with improved lifespan characteristics.
Researchers analyzed over 2 million cells from 400 postmortem brain samples to identify cellular pathways that could become new drug targets for Alzheimer's treatments. They found impairments in mitochondrial function, synaptic signaling, and protein complexes, as well as disrupted lipid metabolism.
A new AI-based system can detect signs of biological life in samples with high accuracy, enabling the search for life on other planets. The system uses machine-learning methods to analyze data from various sources and predict whether a sample is biological or non-biological.
Researchers identify significant room for improvement in NTA studies, citing biased sample preparation, inconsistent reporting, and technology-driven limitations. The study aims to develop new analytical technologies and data analysis protocols to better understand the true chemical space of exposure.
A new study from Texas A&M University finds an association between vaping and asthma in US adolescents who have never smoked conventional tobacco products. The study highlights the need for strategies to tackle e-cigarette use and its adverse health effects.
A team of researchers has made breakthroughs in harnessing low-grade heat sources for efficient energy conversion. They developed a highly efficient Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Cycle (TREC) system that converts small temperature differences into usable energy.
The Beckman Institute has received a $3.6 million NSF grant to acquire an automated system for designing and analyzing polymers. The system will accelerate the discovery of useful materials, especially in combination with artificial intelligence.
Researchers developed a 'lab-on-a-drone' system to detect and analyze pollutants like hydrogen sulfide gas. The device was used to track air quality at a wastewater treatment plant, providing real-time monitoring of smelly H2S gas concentrations.
Researchers identified distinct genomic characteristics that impact prognosis for patients with triple negative apocrine carcinoma. The study confirmed a five-year disease-free survival rate of 92.2% for these patients, significantly higher than those diagnosed with other types of TNBC.
Researchers found elevated soil lead levels in city parks that previously housed garbage incinerators and waste ash, with some levels exceeding EPA's threshold. The study provides insights into potential lead exposures for park visitors.
A recent study evaluates the feasibility of ammonia-based power generation through techno-economic and carbon footprint analyses. The research reveals an impressive energy efficiency rate of 46.7% within the designed power generation process, with costs and greenhouse gas emissions considered.
A team at Aston University has demonstrated that benchtop spectrometers can analyse pyrolysis bio-oils with high accuracy, comparable to expensive high-field spectrometers. This breakthrough makes NMR analysis of pyrolysis oils more accessible and affordable.
Researchers from the Max Planck Institute have recreated an ancient Egyptian woman's scent used in her mummification, revealing complex ingredients and trade connections. The 'scent of eternity' blend includes beeswax, plant oil, and exotic resins, highlighting sophisticated mummification practices and long-distance trade.
A machine learning model has been developed to distinguish the composition ratio of solid mixtures of chemical compounds using only photographs. The model was trained on a small dataset and achieved accuracy roughly twice that of human experts.
Researchers found long-lasting PFAS in 27 out of 39 paper straws tested, with bamboo straws also contaminated. The study highlights the potential harm of seemingly eco-friendly alternatives to plastic drinking straws.
Bioarcheological analysis suggests Pompeii victims died from asphyxiation despite potential contamination from plaster casts. The study's findings challenge traditional assumptions about the preservation process in the ancient city.
A team of researchers has determined that microplastic particles are present in the marine atmosphere, even in remote parts of the world. The study found that different types of plastics, including polyester and polyethylene terephthalate, were detected in air samples collected from various sites along the Norwegian coast.
Researchers have identified 21 key chemical compounds that make pandemic-era sourdoughs so uniquely sour. These compounds include salt, acetic acid, and lactic acid, which are produced during fermentation and contribute to the bread's distinctive taste and smell.
Scientists have identified several bioactive compounds in aloe vera peels that deter insects from feasting on crops. These compounds could lead to the development of an environmentally friendly alternative for disposing of agricultural waste and creating additional revenue streams for aloe vera producers.
A team of researchers from Stanford University found that the foundations of the Gangdese Arc were already much higher than anticipated, long before any tectonic collision occurred. This challenges existing theories about past climate and biodiversity in the Himalayan region.
Concentrations of potentially harmful chemical compounds in ISS dust exceed median values in US and Western European home floor dust. The study guides design and construction of future spacecraft by highlighting the importance of material choices.
Researchers developed innovative techniques to treat challenging cancers and manage therapy side effects. Inhibitors targeting PRMT5, a histone-modifying enzyme, alleviated cisplatin-induced hearing loss, while nano-pills delivered combination drugs to liver cancer cells.
Forensic scientists at West Virginia University have developed a systematic approach to compare pieces of trace evidence, including duct tape, using a novel method. The technique evaluates fracture edges and demonstrates physical fit, providing a foundation for evaluating error rates and improving accuracy in crime scene investigations.
Researchers employed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy to analyze gemstones from the Arabian-Nubian Shield. The study distinguished natural gems from synthetics and isolated elements contributing to their quality, shedding light on ancient trade routes.
New research reveals that the Amazon estuary receives significant dissolved neodymium and hafnium from the Rio Pará River, contrary to previous assumptions about suspended solid sources. The findings indicate a revised estimate of global riverine neodymium flux, with concentrations up to three times higher than previously thought.
A novel Raman technique called thermostable-Raman-interaction-profiling (TRIP) allows for label-free and highly reproducible Raman spectroscopy measurements, breaking a 50-year-old challenge. The TRIP method enables the detection of protein-ligand interactions in real-time, potentially shortening drug and vaccine testing timelines.
Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) face challenges in converting carbon dioxide into multicarbon products due to C-C coupling difficulties. Researchers at Tohoku University uncovered the causes of this failure through advanced theoretical calculations.
A new study uses machine learning to analyze data from DrugAge, a database of chemical compounds modulating lifespan in model organisms. The researchers create four types of datasets to predict whether or not a compound extends the lifespan of C. elegans, using features such as compound-protein interactions and Gene Ontology terms.
A team of scientists from Chemnitz University of Technology has successfully synthesized two-dimensional lead layers using a novel method. The researchers were able to comprehensively describe the structures of these layers, which could become relevant in the development of novel electronic systems and quantum materials.
A team of researchers at the University of Notre Dame analyzed nearly 600 colonial notes to understand Franklin's innovative techniques for making paper money. They found distinctive security features, including pigments and materials like muscovite that made his bills harder to counterfeit.
Researchers report a case of a 15-year-old boy with recurrent intrathoracic synovial sarcoma who achieved partial response with BRAF inhibitor Vemurafenib treatment. The study highlights the importance of routine next-generation sequencing to drive treatment choice and investigate BRAF mutations in SS tumors.