Articles tagged with Scientific Data
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers developed an algorithm that can identify last names using Y chromosome data, compromising individual privacy. The study highlights the risk of revealing personal information through genetic data, calling for better encryption techniques and legislation to protect participants' identities.
A new study by Ohio State University reveals that younger generations have significantly higher credit card debt and slower repayment rates compared to previous generations. Increasing the minimum monthly payment can lead to faster debt repayment, potentially saving individuals years of financial burden.
Paleontologists find varying evolutionary modes among morphological traits within fossil species, validating mosaic evolution. The study analyzes hundreds of sequences of fossil samples using model selection methods, revealing conflicting patterns of change.
A University of Alberta researcher warns that couples should address relationship doubts before getting married. The study found that more confident couples spent more time together and stayed happy over a four-year period.
The NSF invests nearly $15 million in new Big Data research projects to develop new tools and methods for extracting knowledge from large data sets. These grants aim to accelerate progress in science and engineering research and innovation.
The George Washington University (GWU) and University of Maryland have received a $916,000 National Science Foundation grant to develop faster and more secure data transfer solutions for their research data. The two-year project aims to reduce costs and increase efficiency in data shipping methods.
The genome sequence of the critically endangered Puerto Rican Parrot was successfully assembled using locally funded community efforts. The project showcases how accessible genomic technology has become, with a small institution in Puerto Rico achieving this feat without relying on large international genome centers.
Researchers found that warmer temperatures than usual can save energy in data centers, with potential benefits for system reliability. The study suggests that most organizations could run their data centers hotter than currently recommended, saving up to 5% of energy consumption.
Researchers at Harvard University are developing new tools and policies to protect personal data used in research studies, enabled by a four-year $5 million NSF grant. The project aims to make sharing research data safer in cyberspace while preserving individual privacy.
Italy has pledged participation in ELIXIR, a pan-European effort to manage biological data for research and medicine. The move aims to establish partnerships throughout Europe and benefit from Italy's bioinformatics expertise.
A new initiative establishes Online Identification Keys (OIK) as a derivative of Data Papers, facilitating interactive key construction and citation mechanism. MOSCHweb is a software platform that enables the creation of online keys, providing biologists and general users with benefits.
The article highlights the importance of methods for ensuring independence in trial analysis and clearly defined early stopping guidelines. However, issues around liability for data monitoring committee members remain unclear.
Center-pivot irrigation, invented in 1949, improves water distribution and reduces evaporation, resulting in more efficient farming. The technique is used worldwide, covering 20% of cultivated fields, which produce 40% of global food supply.
Researchers have developed a statistical model to quantify the weight of fingerprint evidence, paving the way for its full use in courts. The current method relies on subjective certainty, not supported by logic or data.
Autism Speaks has joined the National Institute of Health's National Database for Autism Research (NDAR), providing access to genetic, phenotypic, and clinical data from 2500 families. This collaboration enables researchers to pool larger datasets and accelerate scientific discovery.
A new study published in PLOS ONE challenges the idea that women's voices contain cues for men to detect ovulation. The researchers found that the variation in women's vocal quality throughout the menstrual cycle does not provide reliable information about the timing of ovulation, making it a poor mating clue.
A recent study by Dr. Heather Piwowar found that cancer research is less likely to make its raw data available for reuse compared to other fields. Only 45% of gene expression studies were deposited in public databases, despite the importance of sharing these datasets for future research.
The GigaScience journal and database launch provides a platform for the open release of large-scale biological datasets, including those from the deadly E. coli O104 outbreak and endangered species like polar bears. This initiative aims to accelerate scientific discovery by enabling rapid data sharing and reuse.
Scientific data show alarming changes in Arctic snow, water, ice, and permafrost, posing risks to human populations and the world at large. Climate change could also open up new areas for mineral and oil exploration, but this must be balanced against the enormous challenges it poses.
Researchers tracked three shark species and found tiger and thresher sharks can swim directly to targeted locations, suggesting a 'mental map' of the area. The study suggests these animals use magnetic fields as landmarks to navigate.
Researchers Peter Fox and James Hendler outline a new vision for scientific data visualization, encouraging scientists to adopt web-based approaches. They highlight the advantages of interactive and dynamic visualizations, such as those found on the web, which can facilitate collaboration, reduce costs, and increase accessibility.
A Kansas State University researcher's work shows the key role of brand reputation in governing decisions in a store-within-a-store agreement. The research, published next year in the Journal of Marketing Research, highlights how cooperation between manufacturers and retailers is crucial for success.
A global community of environmental researchers has united to monitor and analyze Earth's carbon exchange through over 500 micrometeorological towers. The newly launched platform, Fluxdata.org, allows researchers to access and harmonize data from hundreds of sites worldwide.
The penalty points system driver's license resulted in a significant reduction of 12.6% in highway deaths and injuries within the first two years after its implementation in Spain. However, this effect is temporary, lasting only nine months for deaths in urban accidents.
The ACGME task force proposes revised duty hour and supervision standards to better match residents' levels of experience and emerging competencies. The new standards aim to improve resident training and patient care by reducing fatigue and minimizing medical errors.
A global research team gathered over 600 supercentenarians, nearly 20 of whom lived beyond 115, and created the International Database on Longevity. The study reveals that many of these individuals avoided dementia until shortly before death, sparking interest in understanding the secrets behind their longevity.
Researchers found that black patients had slightly higher 30-day readmission rates than white patients, with disparities persisting at minority-serving hospitals. Improving efforts at poor-performing hospitals could increase quality of care and reduce racial healthcare disparities.
A study published in JAMA Network found considerable differences in estimates of future physician workforce supply, with US Census Bureau data suggesting a potential younger but fewer physician workforce. The analysis used Masterfile and CPS data to identify significant age discrepancies between the two datasets.
The eScience revolution aims to hasten scientific discovery by providing a toolkit for scientists and educators to access and interpret vast amounts of data. Semantic Web technology enables computers to provide meaning to words, linking users to related information and facilitating collaboration between experts and non-experts.
A new mathematical formula and software solution ensure the protection of individual identities in genetic research studies. This allows researchers to access valuable DNA information while maintaining privacy, potentially leading to groundbreaking medical discoveries.
Researchers from the University of Utah and NIH identified three genes controlling seven major types of dog coat, including curly hair. The study used data from Portuguese water dogs to understand complex human diseases caused by multiple genes.
Scientists can now read large numbers of articles simultaneously using powerful digital tools that support strategic reading. These tools leverage ontologies to provide information on unambiguous term identification and relationships, allowing computers to assist scientists in their reading process.
A large-scale analysis of nearly 60,000 patients found bariatric surgery to be relatively safe with complication rates around 10% and a total mortality rate under 1%. The study's findings indicate improved safety measures in modern weight-loss surgery.
The AGI Workforce Program releases its third chapter, Geoscience Employment Sectors, which examines the demographics and dynamics of the geoscience workforce. The report provides insights into salaries, experience, and job transitions for geosciences graduates, as well as employment projections for 2016.
The International Council for Science (ICSU) aims to create a global virtual library for scientific data to address inadequate current networks and ensure inter-disciplinary research. The new system will provide quality assurance, promote data publishing, and facilitate access to valuable scientific data.
The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid has combined the power of over 140 computer centers from 33 countries to analyze and manage 15 million gigabytes of LHC data annually. This massive distributed computing system will enable 7,000 scientists worldwide to analyze data and uncover secrets about the physical universe.
Recent M.D.-Ph.D. graduates are more likely to pursue research careers due to factors such as substantial career involvement in research and lower educational debt. Variables associated with a lower likelihood of pursuing an M.D.-Ph.D. program include female sex, race/ethnicity underrepresented in medicine, and planned training in emer...
Research reveals UK children's physical activity levels are 6 times lower than reported national data, with actual levels at 24 minutes a day. Only 3% of boys and 2% of girls meet the recommended daily amounts of moderate to vigorous physical activity.
A team of academics argues that academic health centers (AHCs) can lead the development of best practices for establishing a data sharing culture. AHCs are urged to adopt seven recommendations, including recognizing data sharing contributions and educating staff on responsible data sharing.
The Argonne National Laboratory's IBM Blue Gene/P high-performance computing system is the world's fastest supercomputer for open science, with a peak-performance of 557 Teraflops. This achievement marks the first time an Argonne-based supercomputing system has ranked in the top five of the industry's definitive list.
A recent study found that personalized and web-based support have an equal impact on successful long-term weight loss. The research, led by Kaiser Permanente, suggests that frequent follow-up and tailored encouragement are key to maintaining weight loss.
BMC Research Notes is launching to publish scientifically sound research, including updates, software tools, and negative results. This initiative aims to increase data sharing and accelerate future advances in science.
A team of researchers is building a prototype system to automate scientific workflows, addressing the growing issue of data analysis overload in various fields like climatology and high-energy physics. The Windward project integrates AI and grid computing to create an efficient workflow management system.
Class-action lawsuits can significantly slow or halt science's ability to establish links between neurological illness and environmental factors. The authors suggest policy changes to shield scientists and their research, including enhancing privacy protections for patient data.
The publication provides news and information about grid computing projects and collaborations worldwide, highlighting the use of grid technology in scientific research. International Science Grid This Week is a collaboration between Open Science Grid and Enabling Grids for E-sciencE projects.
Global environmental change scientists emphasize the need for immediate, collaborative action by governments to ensure sustainable development. The conference statement resolves to mobilize knowledge for action to support society with scientific information needed for sustainable development.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison is leading a five-year, $30 million program to operate and expand the Open Science Grid, tapping into thousands of processors distributed across more than 30 universities and federal research laboratories. The project aims to lower the barrier to individual scientists using advanced computing.
Europe outperforms the US in formal technology transfer from public research, with more licenses executed and start-ups established. However, open science measures reveal Europe's actual performance is more nuanced.
A new study published in Science found that people overestimate the impact of income on well-being. Despite high incomes, people do not necessarily spend more time in enjoyable activities. The study used the Day Reconstruction Method to measure daily life and found a weak correlation between income and happiness.
The NIST Structural Database has been upgraded to improve the quality of its crystal structure data, ensuring accurate results for materials analysis. The database now includes standardized data and additional fields for enhanced analysis capabilities.
Dr. Wei Jiang has been honored with an NSF CAREER award for his work on developing a systematic methodology of data quality analysis and improvement. This research aims to achieve robust decision making under imperfect information environments, providing a concrete basis for data quality management across various applications.
The Tree of Life Project, a massive collaboration among scientists worldwide, is growing its database of life on Earth. With the help of Katja Schulz's new system, researchers and non-scientists alike can now easily upload data, allowing for new connections and insights into biological patterns.
A new report from ICSU recommends establishing an international scientific data forum to promote coordinated data collection and distribution. The report identifies key challenges, including inadequate legal frameworks, preservation, and archiving of data, which exacerbate inequities between scientists in rich and poor nations.
The International Council for Science (ICSU) has launched a new strategy to strengthen international science, focusing on interdisciplinary research in areas such as sustainable development and natural disasters. The plan aims to improve communication between scientists and policymakers, and promote the sharing of findings and data.
The CLEF repository provides a platform for researchers to access and analyze large-scale patient records, using techniques to extract relevant information from text. This will lead to faster, better or different research in the field of cancer treatment and care management.
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography has been awarded a 10-year contract to manage the International Ocean Drilling Program's Site Survey Data Bank, transforming it into an interactive tool for researchers. The new system will support proposal reviews and operations at sea with cutting-edge data.
Satellite images help model sediment transport in New Caledonia's southwest lagoon, providing a three-dimensional picture of the process. The combined use of remote sensing and numerical models refines predictions of erosion rates and improves precision.
A new study by Kari Lerum examines the impact of sexual banter and power dynamics in three restaurant settings. She found that within certain cultural and organizational contexts, these encounters can help create a sense of belonging and empower workers to have control over their working conditions.
Researchers used HurryDate speed dating events to study human mating behavior, finding that physical appearance and personality traits dominate decision-making. Contrary to expectations, financial factors like income and education played a negligible role in attraction.
A recent international declaration from the OECD Committee highlights the critical need for an open and systematic approach to access scientific data. Researchers in various fields will benefit from cost-effective access to digital research data, which is essential for new knowledge creation.