Articles tagged with Doctoral Degrees
A study analyzing infant gut microbial populations reveals that antibiotic treatment reduces diversity, leading to increased risk of autoimmune diseases. Breastfeeding duration may also play a role in shaping the developing microbiome.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified Rac1 as a potential target for treating psoriasis. The small protein is involved in wound repair and has been linked to environmental triggers of the disease, as well as genetic predisposition. Blocking Rac1 activation may offer a new way to treat psoriasis without s...
A study by University of Arizona Health Sciences reveals the existence of 'T memory cells with naive phenotype' that accumulate with aging and respond to persistent viruses. These cells may hold the key to understanding and boosting immunity in older adults, who are vulnerable to infections due to weakened immune systems.
Researchers found that half of people newly infected with HIV experience mild to moderate neurologic issues, which usually resolve after starting anti-retroviral therapy. These findings suggest that HIV affects the nervous system within days of infection.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania found that body mass index, body fat percentage, and resting energy expenditure are not significant predictors of sleep stage duration. However, overweight adults spent more time in the rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of sleep than normal-weight adults.
A study by Ting Luo examines the value of dynamic forecasting in intermodal management, finding it reduces holding costs and ensures swift stock buildups for imminent shortages. Dynamic forecasting guides policy formulation, particularly when customer heterogeneity is high, inventory costs are low, and forecast accuracy is high.
Researchers found that people who take photos of their experiences enjoy them more than those who don't. Photo-taking increases engagement, making the experience more pleasurable. However, the effect is limited to active participation and not when taking pictures interferes with the experience.
A study found that about 40% of Hispanic adults with colorectal cancer used complementary and integrative health practices. Women were more likely to have used these practices than men, according to the study published in The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.
Researchers discovered differences in male and female brain activity while cooperating with a partner, with males performing better in mixed-sex pairs. The study used hyperscanning to track brain function and found increased interbrain coherence in same-sex pairs, which correlated with better performance.
A new study from the Cornell Food & Brand Lab found that women who recall their parents commenting on their weight are more prone to being overweight and less satisfied with their weight as adults. Commenting on a daughter's weight can have a negative impact later in life, damaging body image regardless of weight.
A new vaccine identifies strains by proteins attached to the surface of pneumococcus, promoting an immune response that targets specific threats. The vaccine is 100% effective in defending against more than 12 strains and may one day stamp out pneumonia, meningitis, and other illnesses.
The Nordic countries exhibit both high levels of gender equality and disproportionately high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Despite these contradictions, researchers believe that understanding the underlying causes may offer tools to combat IPV globally.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that girls whose mothers were overweight before pregnancy and had gestational diabetes are more likely to experience earlier pubic hair development. The study also suggests that metabolic programming may be affected in the daughters, manifesting in early onset of puberty.
A study found that Army personnel were most at risk for violent suicide among active duty enlisted service members. Firearms accounted for 62% of suicides with a known cause of death. The results suggest that infantry and special operations job classifications may be more likely to use firearms to commit suicide.
Researchers at UMMS found that the protein IFITM3 blocks Zika virus replication and prevents cell death, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for preventing or stopping infection. Boosting IFITM3 levels may be useful in inhibiting Zika virus and other emerging viral infections.
Researchers report that two topical creams are effective in most primary, low-risk superficial BCC patients, with favorable comparison to photodynamic therapy. The study found high clearance rates for imiquimod and fluorouracil treatments, but noted a higher recurrence rate for fluorouracil.
A national survey found broad support for raising the minimum legal age of tobacco sales to 19, 20 or 21 in all US regions. The study suggests that increasing the age limit could lead to a reduction in smoking prevalence and related health issues.
The FDA draft guidelines aim to restrict the use of human cell and tissue products in various surgical procedures, potentially hindering the development of new therapies. This could impact surgeons performing reconstructive surgeries, such as breast, chest, and abdominal wall reconstructions, as well as pelvic floor reconstruction.
Scientists have discovered that Zika virus can infect and replicate in immune cells from the placenta without killing them. This finding may explain how the virus passes through the placenta of a pregnant woman to infect developing brain cells in her fetus.
A new study estimates that the world's 60 million refugees need at least 2.78 million surgeries annually, with many types of care, including C-sections and burn care, being essential but often neglected in crisis situations. The researchers call for increased attention to surgical needs in refugee populations.
New research suggests that women with a high genetic risk of breast cancer can reduce their risk by following a healthy lifestyle, including eating right, exercising, and quitting smoking. The study found that approximately 30% of breast cancer cases could be prevented by modifying known risk factors.
Research published in the Journal of Marketing Research found that diners in well-lit rooms are more likely to order healthier options, such as grilled fish or vegetables, compared to those in dimly lit spaces. The study also revealed that increased alertness leads to better food choices.
A study found that gut bacterial metabolites can accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. The accumulation of phenylacetylglutamine was particularly associated with poor health outcomes.
A study by Columbia University researchers found a strong association between smoking during pregnancy and an increased risk of schizophrenia in children. Heavy maternal nicotine exposure was associated with a 38% increased odds of schizophrenia.
A study by the American Psychological Association found that 7.8% of college students reported being drugged, with women more likely to be victims and experience negative consequences. The research highlights the need for interventions targeting those who engage in drink spiking, focusing on consent and the dangers of overdosing.
The AGA Research Foundation awarded 66 talented scientists to advance understanding of digestive and liver diseases. Recipients include researchers in IBD epigenetics, neuroenteric disease, gut microbiome, and more.
Research analyzed 15 studies involving over 6,000 university students and found no significant difference in alcohol consumption or problems among fraternity members. The study suggests that stronger interventions may be needed for student members of Greek letter organizations.
Lomonosov Moscow State University scientists have developed a new method to extract DNA from various organisms. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of preventive vaccines against infectious diseases, allergies, and cancers.
A previously undetected mutation in a strain of C57BL/6 mice has been found to affect the results of immune system research studies. The Ragon Institute team traced the mutation back to a specific commercial supplier and notified the company, which is now taking steps to check all its colonies.
A targeted screening program in Canada identified a high proportion of individuals with risk factors for chronic kidney disease and many with unrecognized CKD. The See Kidney Disease (SeeKD) program successfully promoted good kidney health and provided early detection of CKD, emphasizing the importance of targeted screening.
Researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital have developed a strategy to create the first broad-spectrum antiviral drug, which could provide protection against seven deadly viruses, including Nipah and Ebola. By targeting a single gene, the approach boosts immunity against viral infections.
A systematic review published in Journal of Medicinal Food found that consuming sesame-based ingredients can increase antioxidants and reduce oxidative stress in individuals with high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. Sesame oil has also been shown to prevent atherosclerosis in preclinical studies.
Researchers found that placing protein bars at the start of the dessert line increased selection by 46%, while keeping them in original packaging boosted selection by 59%. These simple changes made healthy foods more convenient and appealing to clients.
A Massachusetts General Hospital study found that a molecular signature associated with more aggressive pancreatic cancer is linked to the SIRT6 protein. The researchers identified a precise pathway by which SIRT6 suppresses PDAC development, offering potential new treatment options for patients.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a higher risk of experiencing hospital-acquired complications when hospitalized. A study of 536,549 adults found that CKD patients were 19% more likely to experience complications than those with normal kidney function, with the risk increasing as CKD severity worsened.
A CDC study analyzed infant feeding practices with a 6-year follow-up to determine the risk of obesity in children. The results found that the timing of introducing solid foods had no effect on child obesity by 6 years of age, contrary to previous conflicting research.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine develop a method called SEWING that stitches together pieces of existing proteins to create novel proteins with diverse structural features. This approach enables designing proteins with specific functions, such as catalysts, biosensors, and therapeutics.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that repeat ketamine infusions decreased and, for some, eliminated suicidal thoughts in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression. Seven participants achieved complete remission of suicidal thoughts, and two maintained remission throughout the follow-up period.
The American Psychological Association's special issue explores the importance of psychology in promoting healthy aging, preventing dementia, and ensuring retirement security. Researchers examine the impact of ageism, financial exploitation, and family dynamics on older adults' well-being.
A recent study found that Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT scans are superior to In-111 pentetreotide scans in detecting neuroendocrine tumors, leading to improved treatment management and patient outcomes. The imaging method demonstrated no significant toxicity, lower radiation exposure, and increased accuracy.
New research identifies C-reactive protein as a potential biomarker for post-operative delirium, enabling preventive measures to safeguard patient health. Increased CRP levels before and after surgery are linked to higher risk of developing delirium.
A study by Cornell Food & Brand Lab found that 86.7% of children aged 6-8 opted for fries over apples when the apples were the default option. The researchers suggest offering smaller portions of fries with apples as a more realistic solution to encourage healthier eating habits.
Most anesthesia providers recognize the potential benefits of acupuncture on acute postoperative and chronic pain, as well as reducing anxiety. The majority express interest in acupuncture/acupressure education, suggesting a strong argument for incorporating alternative medicine into anesthesia curricula.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine showed ozanimod moderately effective in treating ulcerative colitis. Ozanimod reduced rectal bleeding and healed intestinal mucosal lining.
A study found that specific personality traits, such as neuroticism and extraversion, were associated with individual differences in the use of MBSR during and post-training. The findings suggest that MBSR programs can be tailored to targeted populations based on their personality traits.
Marina E. Emborg and Eng H. Lo received the 2016 Bernard Sanberg Memorial Award for Brain Repair for their outstanding contributions to neurodegenerative disorders and stroke research. Their work focuses on developing safe neuroprotective strategies using stem cells and advanced imaging techniques.
Five teams of cancer researchers received a total of $1 million to advance 'innovation in collaboration' through new research projects. The awards will support novel collaborations between senior and junior researchers, exploring questions arising from existing SU2C-supported Teams.
The US lead poisoning crisis worsens as unknown communities are left exposed to tainted water. Inadequate funding may not alleviate damage done in the past.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that frail older women with six or more chronic health conditions are twice as likely to have a lower quality of life. Managing chronic health problems well may help these women enjoy a better quality of life.
Researchers found that frailty and depression are intertwined in older couples, with frailer individuals more likely to become depressed and vice versa. This study highlights the importance of increasing physical activity, social engagement, and mutual support for seniors living together.
A study published in Cell Metabolism reveals significant differences in gene expression patterns and DNA modifications between pancreatic cells of donors under 9 and those over 28. The findings highlight the importance of genes SIX3 and SIX2, which mature with age and may contribute to diabetes risk.
A study published in PLOS One found that men who view pornography featuring condom use are less likely to engage in condomless anal sex. The research suggests that sexually explicit media can encourage condom use and has important policy implications for the industry.
The study synthesizes evidence on e-cigarettes, suggesting they can lead to reduced cigarette smoking and death from cigarette smoking. The researchers argue that e-cigarettes should be part of tobacco control efforts to help smokers quit.
A review of 21 studies on dietary interventions and sleep found significant effects in nearly half of the laboratory-based studies. However, overall findings suggest that a single diet change is unlikely to drastically improve sleep quality for most people.
A study by University of Waterloo researchers found that drawing pictures of information improves memory, outperforming other known encoding strategies. The 'drawing effect' was observed, where students recalled more drawn words than written ones, even with poor artistic skills.
Researchers have developed a new technology using CRISPR/Cas9 to label and track up to seven different genomic locations in live cells. This allows for real-time study of chromosome dynamics and gene expression, enabling better understanding of biological processes and health outcomes.
Depressed teenagers who received cognitive behavioral therapy in their primary care clinic recovered faster and were more likely to recover than those without the counseling. The study found that 70% of teens in the program had recovered after six months, compared to 43% in the standard care group.
A new study has found a direct link between pancreatic cancer and certain mouth bacteria, specifically Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Men and women with these bacteria in their oral microbiome were at least 50% and 59% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer, respectively.
A novel approach to preventing childhood obesity replaces individual well-child care with group visits emphasizing nutrition-focused interventions. This model was associated with a 90% reduced obesity rate at 2 years of age in children who participated.
Researchers have identified a key role for a recently discovered immune cell in age-related inflammation and disease. The discovery sheds light on the mechanisms underlying these conditions and offers promising avenues for treatment.